HSPAPlus_MobileBroadband_021309

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HSPA+ for Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Qualcomm IncorporatedFebruary 2009



Release 7 HSPA+ ForMobile Broadband Evolution

2/2009 page i

Table of Contents

[1] Executive Summary ......................................................................... 1

[2] Introduction and Overview ............................................................... 2

2.1 What is HSPA+?...................................................................... 3

[3] HSPA Offers an Entire Range of IP Services .................................. 4

[4] HSPA+ Doubles Data Capacity and Reduces Cost ........................ 4

4.1 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO).....................................5

4.2 Higher Order Modulation (HOM) ............................................. 6

4.3 Discontinuous Transmission and Reception (DTX/DRX)........ 6

[5] HSPA+ More than Doubles the Voice Capacity .............................. 7

5.1 Higher Data Capacity through Voice over HSPA ....................8

[6] Enhanced User Experience Benefits ...............................................9

[7] Multicarrier Further Enhances the Broadband Experience............ 10

[8] HSPA+ is the natural evolution of HSPA at a lower cost............... 12

[9] The Optimal Solution in single and aggregated 5 MHz blocks ...... 13

[10] HSPA+ Has a Strong Evolution Path beyond R8 ........................ 15 [11] Conclusion ................................................................................... 16

[12] Appendix ...................................................................................... 17




2/2009 page 1

[1] Executive SummaryWCDMA operators have rapidly launched High Speed Packet Access

(HSPA) services to capitalize on HSPA’s mobile broadband capabilities

and increased data capacity. As the natural evolution, HSPA+ further

enhances the mobile broadband experience and increases the capacity

through incremental investments and backward compatible handsets.

HSPA+ Release 7 (R7) is commercial and HSPA+ R8 is targeted for

commercialization during 2010. HSPA+ has a strong evolution path

beyond HSPA+ R8 and the definition of HSPA+ Release 9 (R9) has

already started in the 3GPP standards.

HSPA+ R7 doubles the data capacity of HSPA and more than doublesthe voice capacity WCDMA, enabling operators to offer mobile

broadband and voice at even lower cost. HSPA+ Release 8 (R8)

introduces the first step of the multicarrier feature, aggregating two 5

MHz carriers, which doubles the user data rates to all users in the cell.

While HSPA already supports the full range of packet-based IP services

with integrated Quality of Service (QoS), HSPA+ further enhances the

end-user experience through higher peak rates, lower latency, improved

“always-on” experience and extended talk time. HSPA+ is the optimal

solution for single or aggregated 5 MHz carriers and provides

performance similar to that of LTE in the same bandwidth and when

using the same number of antennas. HSPA+ is the natural evolution of

HSPA and provides next-generation performance through an incremental

and a cost-effective upgrade while leveraging existing investments.




2/2009 page 2

[2] Introduction and OverviewNearly all WCDMA operators across both developed and developing

countries have rapidly launched HSPA services to capitalize on itsexcellent mobile broadband capabilities and increased data capacity.

The enhanced downlink (HSDPA) had been launched commercially by

217 operators in 93 countries as of early 2009.The enhanced uplink

(HSUPA) is also quickly being introduced with around 50 deployments as

of early 2009. HSPA devices have proliferated and mobile operators

have seen data services account for a rising and substantive proportion

of their revenue. HSPA+ is the natural evolution of HSPA and operators

are now preparing to commercially launch HSPA+ R7 in early 2009.

HSPA+ R7 is the first evolutionary step beyond HSPA and HSPA+ R8 is

targeted for commercialization during 2010 with multicarrier as a key

feature. HSPA+ further enhances the mobile broadband experience and

increases the voice and data capacity of HSPA. This white paper

discusses the HSPA+ key benefits:

HSPA+ enhances mobile broadband with data rates up to 42 Mbps

in R8 while R7 enables up to 28 Mbps downlink data rates.

HSPA+ doubles the data capacity over HSPA and more than

doubles voice capacity over WCDMA, reducing the cost of delivering

voice or data services (more efficient voice over HSPA+ can also be

used to free up data capacity).

HSPA+ enhances the end-user experience with lower latency, faster

call set-up time, improved “always-on” experience and a longer talk time.

HSPA+ multicarrier further enhances the broadband experience.

HSPA+ R8 doubles the data rates to all users and can significantly

increase the bursty application capacity, e.g., Web browsing.

HSPA+ is the optimal solution for single and aggregated 5 MHzcarriers , and provides similar performance as LTE for the same

bandwidth and using the same number of antennas.

HSPA+ is the natural evolution of HSPA at a lower cost, enabling an

incremental and cost-effective upgrade that leverages existing assets.




2/2009 page 3

2.1 What is HSPA+?HSPA+ is the name of the set of HSPA enhancements that are defined

in 3GPP beyond Release 6 (R6). The enhanced downlink (HSDPA) wasdefined in R5 and the enhanced uplink (HSUPA) was defined in R6.

Figure 1: The HSPA+ evolution

This paper focuses on the first and second step of the HSPA evolution

and the enhancements that have been defined in 3GPP R7 and R8. For

a more detailed view of the R7 and R8 features, see the appendix at the

conclusion of this paper. As seen in Figure 1, HSPA+ further enhances

the mobile broadband experience by providing up to 28 Mbps peak data

rates in the downlink (DL) in R7, and up to 42 Mbps in R8.

HSPA+ has a strong evolution path and will continue to evolve beyond

HSPA+ R8 to further enhance the HSPA+ performance and provide a

clear evolution path for current HSPA networks. The definition of HSPA+

R9 was already initiated in early 2009. HSPA+ R9 and beyond is

considering enhancements such as expanding HSPA+ multicarrier

beyond 10 MHz deployments combined with MIMO (Multiple Input

Multiple Output) to provide peak rates of 84 Mbps and more.

201 201 2012200Note: Estimated commercial dates

Created 01/14/09

2010 2011 2012+2009

WCDMAHSPA

Rel-99 Rel-5(HSDPA)

Rel-6(HSUPA)

Rel-7 Rel-8 Rel-9 and beyond

DL: 28 MbpsUL: 11 Mbps

DL: 42 Mbps 1

UL: 11 MbpsDL: 1.8-14.4 MbpsUL: 384 Kbps

DL: 1.8-14.4 MbpsUL: 5.7 Mbps

1R8 will reach 42 Mbps by combining 2x2 MIMO and HOM (64QAM) in 5 MHz, or by utilizing HOM (64QAM) and multicarrier in 10 MHz.2R9 and beyond may utilize combinations of multicarrier and MIMO to reach 84 Mbps peak rates an d beyond. Similarly, uplink multicarrier can double the uplink data rates.

Note: Estimated commercial dates

DL: 84 Mbps and beyond 2

UL: 23 Mbps and beyond 2

Created 01/14/09

HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)

Enhanced performanceand higher data rates

2x data capacity>2x voice capacity

Broadbanduploads, QoS

Broadbanddownloads

Multicarrier- doubleddata rates to all users

2010 2011 2012+2009

WCDMAHSPA

Rel-99 Rel-5(HSDPA)

Rel-6(HSUPA)

Rel-7 Rel-8 Rel-9 and beyond

DL: 28 MbpsUL: 11 Mbps

DL: 42 Mbps 1

UL: 11 MbpsDL: 1.8-14.4 MbpsUL: 384 Kbps

DL: 1.8-14.4 MbpsUL: 5.7 Mbps

1R8 will reach 42 Mbps by combining 2x2 MIMO and HOM (64QAM) in 5 MHz, or by utilizing HOM (64QAM) and multicarrier in 10 MHz.2R9 and beyond may utilize combinations of multicarrier and MIMO to reach 84 Mbps peak rates an d beyond. Similarly, uplink multicarrier can double the uplink data rates.

Note: Estimated commercial dates

DL: 84 Mbps and beyond 2

UL: 23 Mbps and beyond 2

Created 01/14/09

HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)

Enhanced performanceand higher data rates

2x data capacity>2x voice capacity

Broadbanduploads, QoS

Broadbanddownloads

Multicarrier- doubleddata rates to all users




2/2009 page 4

[3] HSPA Offers an Entire Range of IP ServicesHSPA and HSPA+ allows consumers and business users to rely on

HSPA as their main broadband connection, and offer a similar userexperience across mobile and fixed networks. HSPA’s high-capacity

broadband uplink and downlink with integrated QoS and low latency can

support the entire range of IP services, including delay-sensitive

applications such as VoIP and low latency gaming. HSPA+ further

enhances the user’s experience and makes these services more

affordable by lowering costs through increased capacity.

Figure 2: HSPA supports the entire range of IP services

[4] HSPA+ Doubles Data Capacity and Reduces CostWith the launch of HSPA, operators are seeing a significant uptake in

data demand, a result of new data applications and increased demand

for high-performance mobile broadband services. HSPA+ enhances the

performance of HSPA networks and enables wireless operators to

continue to fulfill these data needs in the most economical way, as

HSPA+ doubles the data capacity compared to HSPA R6.

Figure 3 compares the downlink and uplink data capacity of HSPA and

HSPA+. The almost doubled downlink and uplink data capacity assumes




2/2009 page 5

advanced receivers (UE equalizer, device receive diversity and Node B

IC)1 in addition to the HSPA+ features.

Figure 3: Data Capacity per Sector in Mbps (5 MHz)

HSPA greatly increased data capacity over R99 systems by adding the

high-speed shared channels with HOM (16QAM), smaller transmissioninterval, Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) and opportunistic scheduling. HSPA+

builds on this solid foundation by adding support for 64QAM, 2x2 MIMO,

DTX/DRX and other air interface improvements to enhance the capacity

and the user experience.

4.1 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)HSPA+ R7 supports 2x2 downlink MIMO that uses two transmit

antennas at the Node B to transmit orthogonal (parallel) data streams to

the two receive antennas at the device. Using two antennas and

additional signal processing at the receiver and the transmitter, MIMOcan increase the system capacity and double user data rates without

using additional Node B power or bandwidth. Additionally, MIMO

beamforming provides gains for cell edge users where parallel MIMO

streams may not be possible.

1 UE Type 3 device receiver: linear MMSE equalizer and receive diversity.




2/2009 page 6

To be most effective, parallel MIMO streams need a high signal-to-noise

ratio (SNR) at the device and a rich scattering environment. High SNR

ensures that the device will be able to decode the signal successfullyand a rich scattering environment ensures that the two data streams

remain orthogonal. The MIMO benefit is therefore maximized in a dense

urban (city) environment, as there is enough scattering and cell sizes are

small (potentially high SNR at the device). In rural environments with

large cell sizes and less scattering, the MIMO gains will be smaller.

4.2 Higher Order Modulation (HOM)HSPA supports 16QAM modulation on the downlink and QPSK on the

uplink. As Figure 4 shows, the data capacity (bits/symbol) increases as

we move from QPSK to 16QAM and 64QAM. HSPA+ R7 introduces64QAM on the downlink, which increases the data rates by 50% for

devices in good signal conditions (high SNR). On the uplink, 16QAM

doubles data rates for devices that are not power headroom limited.

Wireless signals transmitted with a higher modulation are more sensitive

to interference and require a higher SNR at the receiver for successful

demodulation. HOM significantly increases the data rates for users with

high SNR. Hence, the traffic for these users can be serviced faster,

leaving Node B with more time and resources to service users in weaker

signal areas, such as the cell edge. Overall, this provides high data rates

and improved user experience for all users in the cell.

Figure 4: Higher Order Modulation

4.3 Discontinuous Transmission and Reception (DTX/DRX)The CPC feature DTX allows the device to gate off the control channels

when there is no user data to send. In the same way, DRX allows the

device to turn off the receiver at certain agreed intervals in which Node B

does not transmit any downlink information to the device. Synchronized

DTX and DRX operation allows the device to shut off its transmitter andreceiver blocks completely, which significantly improves the device

battery life for voice over HSPA services. CPC also improves the

”always-on” experience by allowing users to stay longer in the connected

mode without compromising battery life when using bursty applications

like Web browsing. DTX also increases the uplink capacity by reducing

the uplink interference, which is especially beneficial for low-rate data

applications like voice over HSPA.




2/2009 page 7

[5] HSPA+ More than Doubles the Voice CapacityHigh-quality voice is a key service that has traditionally been the core of

the wireless business. HSPA+ enables two options, CS (circuit-switched)voice over HSPA or VoIP, which both more than double the WCDMA

R99 voice capacity and provide up to 50% more talk time, while

maintaining the same quality and codec. Users will continue to enjoy

simultaneous voice and high-speed data services while operators now

can flexibly mix voice and data services on the same HSPA+ carrier.

Figure 5 shows the voice over HSPA options and the more than doubled

voice capacity over WCDMA.

Figure 5: Voice over HSPA more than doubles voice capacity over WCDMA

CS voice over HSPA leaves the core network intact, allowing operators

to leverage their existing core network investments, while VoIP relies on

the IMS core network. CS voice over HSPA is therefore the natural

upgrade for most operators but could also be an intermediate step

toward the long-term goal to migrate to VoIP.

In current WCDMA/HSPA networks, voice services are carried over

dedicated CS bearers, which are assigned to users for the duration of

the voice call. Voice over HSPA uses the shared-packet channels with

smaller transmission intervals and HARQ to transfer voice packets more






2/2009 page 9

[6] Enhanced User Experience BenefitsHSPA+ not only improves the user data rates for enhanced mobile

broadband, it also enhances the end-user experience in other ways:

• Improved “always-on” experience by allowing user to stay longer

in connected mode without compromising battery life (CPC).

• More responsive user experience thanks to lower latency with

50% reduced transition time between inactive and connected

states and 50% reduced over-the-air call setup time compared

with HSPA R6 (enhanced Cell_FACH/PCH).

• Up to 50% extended talk time through voice over HSPA (VoIP or

CS voice over HSPA) compared to WCDMA.

CPC improves the “always-on” experience by allowing packet data users

to stay in the connected mode longer without significantly compromising

the battery life. A user has to move to the inactive state after some

inactivity time, but CPC enables the user to stay in connected mode

longer and potentially already be in connected mode when the user

becomes active again. In addition, the enhanced Cell_FACH allows for

50% reduced transition time between active and inactive states.

Together, these features provide an enhanced user experience with a

better “always-on” experience and more responsive services.

The enhanced Cell_FACH/PCH is achieved by moving the transmission

of the paging channel (PCH) and the intermediate Cell_FACH state to

the high-capacity HSPA channel. This allows for higher performance and

thus reduced latency. The enhancements also reduce the over-the-air

call set-up time by 50% 3

3 The transition time from inactive mode (Cell-PCH) to active mode (Cell_FACH/DCH).




2/2009 page 10

[7] Multicarrier Further Enhances the BroadbandExperience

The multicarrier feature aggregates multiple 5 MHz HSPA carriers,creating a fatter data pipe and thus providing an enhanced mobile

broadband experience to all users in the cell, as depicted in Figure 7.

The initial HSPA+ R8 implementation of multicarrier supports two

aggregated downlink (DL) carriers that will double the user data rates to

all users across the cell—all the way to the cell edge. Furthermore, the

peak data rates scales with the bandwidth and doubles to 42 Mbps in the

downlink in 10 MHz (without MIMO in R8 4).

Figure 7: Multicarrier further enhances the broadband experience

Multicarrier thus allows subscribers to enjoy an enhanced broadband

experience with quicker overall network responses thanks to the higher

data rates. This is especially beneficial for bursty applications like Web

browsing in which the user can be served twice as fast compared to a

single carrier and experience 50% reduced over-the-air latency.

4 Future releases beyond R8 may allow combination of MIMO and multicarrier. HSPA+ R8 also allows the combination of MIMO and 64 QAM to enable 42 Mbps in 5 MH.




2/2009 page 11

Figure 8: R8 Multicarrier doubles user data rates to all users in the cell 5

Multicarrier is typically a cost-effective software upgrade to the Node B

that allows for incremental introduction—multicarrier can be introduced in

high demand areas or even single sites with seamless interoperability

with single carrier deployments. Multicarrier leverages spectrum

resources better through dynamic load balancing across carriers andimproved trunking efficiency, creating a better network performance as

data services increase. Multicarrier mainly enhances the broadband

experience, but can also provide significant capacity improvement for

bursty applications over partially loaded carriers.

As shown in Figure 9, multicarrier can support significantly more bursty

applications users, like Web browsing, compared to two single carriers

for the same user experience (latency) in partially loaded networks.

Networks are not typically fully loaded all the time and multicarrier could

double the bursty application capacity compared to two single carriers. A

multicarrier deployment approaching a fully loaded network scenario will

resemble the full buffer scenario and provide limited capacity gain even

for bursty applications.

5 Each scenario is based on the same total number of users per carrier. Shows peak data rata (scaled down a factor 2x) and the burst data rate for the median users and the 10% worst (cell edge) users.




2/2009 page 12

Figure 9: R8 Multicarrier capacity vs. latency tradeoff 6

[8] HSPA+ is the natural evolution of HSPA at alower cost

HSPA+ provides an excellent technology evolution path from HSPAenabling operators to maximize their return on existing investments with

commercial deployments starting in early 2009. HSPA+ is designed to be

compatible with existing R99, R5/R6 devices and networks, and uses the

same spectrum and network resources to deliver enhanced

performance. The existing radio and core network can be upgraded to

HSPA+ without the need for adding any new network elements. Existing

WCDMA and new HSPA+ devices can roam seamlessly between

WCDMA, HSPA and HSPA+ networks. Backward compatibility will

enable operators to roll out HSPA+ features in phases, without concern

about device/network incompatibility. Many of the HSPA+ features are

software upgrades to the existing base stations.

6 The bursty nature means that a multicarrier can support more users at the same response time for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer).




2/2009 page 13

By deploying HSPA+, wireless operators will benefit tremendously

from the vast 3GPP device and vendor ecosystem that provides

economies-of-scale benefits to the 3GPP community. Operators havegreater flexibility in selecting vendors, and have a larger choice of

devices and terminals that they can potentially offer to their customers

at an affordable price.

This wide vendor support and backward compatibility also enables

operators to deploy HSPA+ in a timely manner and gives them a time-

to-market advantage compared with other competing technologies.

Figure 10: HSPA+ Network Upgrades

[9] The Optimal Solution in single and aggregated 5MHz blocksHSPA+ is an incremental upgrade of the existing HSPA networks,using the same spectrum and network resources. HSPA+ performance in single or aggregated 5 MHz block is comparable to LTE, using the same number of antennas.

Figure 11 shows the comparable capacity of HSPA+ and LTE in a 5 MHz

system. Given the advantages of backward compatibility and superior

system performance, HSPA+ is the optimal solution for upgrade of the

existing HSPA networks and for new, re-farmed single or aggregated 5

MHz spectrum blocks.




2/2009 page 14

Figure 11: Downlink Data Capacity per Sector ( Mbps) and peak data rates 7

3GPP is also standardizing LTE in Release 8, an OFDMA-based system

supported by a new core network called EPC. Throughout the design of

LTE and EPC, emphasis is placed on ensuring interoperability with

existing 3GPP technologies like WCDMA/HSPA. This will ensure that

HSPA+ and LTE co-exist while LTE will leverage newer, wider or TDDspectrum to provide a capacity boost in high-demand areas. Initial

deployments of LTE will be best suited for urban hot spots, whereas

HSPA+ will cover the existing vast HSPA footprint. Multimode devices

will be used. HSPA+ will also ensure a consistent user experience

across the entire network with similar performance when using the same

bandwidth and number of antennas as LTE.

7 Source: Qualcomm Simulation, details in 3GPP R1-070674. 500m ISD, HSPA+ results scaled up from 10 MHz, HSPA+. HSPA+: 16QAM not considered for the UL and device IC not considered for the DL. HSPA+ multicarrier and DL Interference Cancellation would further increase HSPA+.




2/2009 page 15

[10] HSPA+ Has a Strong Evolution Path beyond R8HSPA has a strong evolution path beyond HSPA+ R8. The definition of

HSPA+ R9 has already been initiated in early 2009 with focus onmulticarrier enhancements. The combination of MIMO and multicarrier in

10 MHz would enable 84 Mbps in HSPA+ R9 . Uplink multicarrier is also

a R9 candidate that would increase the uplink data rates to 23 Mbps,

with similar benefits as downlink multicarrier within the limit of the device

transmit power.

HSPA+ R8 allows aggregation within the same spectrum band only, but

future enhancements may also target the aggregation across bands,

even with large RF separation, allowing operators to better leverage all

their spectrum assets. Aggregation of up to four downlink carriers arealso being considered, enabling 84 Mbps peak data rates in 20 MHz

(without MIMO).

Figure 12: Multicarrier aggregation of up to four carriers




2/2009 page 16

[11] ConclusionHSPA+ is the natural and most economical evolution from HSPA,

allowing WCDMA/HSPA operators to make the most efficient use of their

existing assets and investments in network, spectrum and devices at a

lower cost. HSPA+ is backward compatible, allowing for a gradual

introduction of devices and a smooth, cost-efficient and simple network

upgrade to existing HSPA nodes. Thanks to the doubled data capacity

and more than doubled voice capacity over HSPA and WCDMA,

respectively, HSPA+ enables operators to offer mobile broadband and

voice services at an even lower cost. HSPA+ further enhances the end-

user experience through lower latency, extended talk time through VoIP,and an improved “always-on” experience.

Given the availability of HSPA+ R7 in early 2009, HSPA+ and its

evolution remains the most optimal solution for existing WCDMA/HSPA

operators. HSPA+ provides a proven technology with economies of scale

in device and network procurement. HSPA+ has a strong evolution path;

HSPA+ Release 8 (R8) is targeted for commercialization during 2010

and introduces the first step of the multicarrier feature which further

enhances the broadband experience by doubling the user data rates to

all users. HSPA+ is therefore the optimal solution for single or

aggregated 5 MHz carriers and provides similar performance as LTE in

the same bandwidth and when using the same number of antennas.




[12] Appendix

Table 1: Key HSPA+ R7 Features

Table 1presents the key HSPA+ R7 features and their benefits. In

addition to the HSPA+ enhancements defined in the 3GPP standards,

we anticipate that interference cancellation (IC), both in the uplink (Node

B IC) and downlink (UE IC) will be introduced in a similar timeframe as

HSPA+. Thus, the performance numbers discussed in this paper assume

implementation of Node B IC. Error! Reference source not

found. presents the key HSPA+ R8 features and their benefits.

Table 2: Key HSPA+ R8Features

© 2007 Qualcomm Incorporated. All rights reserved. Qualcomm asserts that all information is correct through February 2009.

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HSPAPlus_MobileBroadband_021309