1. 1. Solid State Classification of Solids Classification of
crystalline solids
2. Unit cells, two and three dimensionallattices and number of
atoms per unitcell and Number of Atoms in the unit cell :Unit
cellscc bcc fcc hcpNumber of1 2 4 3atoms 3. Packing efficiency :scc
bccfcchcp52.4% 68 % 74%74% 4. Relation between radius (r) of anatom
and edge length (a) of cubicunit cell :scc bcc fcca 3ar r a r2 4 2
2 5. Packing in solids Density of unit cell Density of the crystal
: z M d 3 a NA 6. Packing in voids of ionic solids Defects in
crystal structure Electrical properties Magnetic properties 7. 2.
Solutions & Colligative PropertiesTypes of solution
Concentration of solution of solids in liquids W n Number
ofnmoles,M mol Molarity = V mol dm-3 (or M) Normality = gra m e q.
gram eq.dm -3 V 8. Solubility of gases in liquids Solid solution
Colligative properties andmolecular masses Lowering of vapour
pressure 9. n Molality = W t. of solven t in kgmol kg -1 (or m)
Raoults law: Psoln = x1 P0 P0P W2 M 1P0 W1M 2 10. Elevation of
boiling pointTb = Kbm and Tf = kf mW2 1000 Tb = KbW1 M2 11.
Depression of freezing point W2 1000Tf = Kf W1 M2 Osmotic
pressure2C2 At constant temperature : C112 T2 At constant
concentration :T11 12. vant Hoff equation : = CRTnRTVW RT MV 13.
vant Hoff factor (i) Tb (o b ) Tf (o b ) M thob Tb (th) Tf (th)th M
ob1M thM ob(For dissociation)n1M th (M obM th ) 14. 1M ohM th (For
association) n 1M ob (M ob M th )i 1 (For dissociation)n 1 n(1 i)
(For association)n 1 15. Abnormal molecular mass Vant Hoff factor
16. 3. Chemical Thermodynamics & Energetics Basic concepts in
thermodynamics Nature of Heat and Work Internal Energy 17. W = - P
(V2 V1) = -P V(For expansion) W = P (V2 V1) P V(For compression) V2
Wmax = - 2.303 nRT log10 V1 P1 Wmax = - 2.303 nRT log10 P2 18.
First Law of Thermodynamics Enthalpy U=q+W H = U + PV H= U+P V H =
U + nRT 19. Enthalpy of physical changes Thermo chemistry
Spontaneous processes(Irreversible processes) Gibbs free energy S q
revH TT G = H TS 20. G= H-T S G0 = - 2.303 RT log10K G = 0, the
system is atequilibrium G < 0, the process isspontaneous G >
0, the process is non-spontaneous. Third law of thermodynamics. 21.
4. Electrochemistry Redox Reaction Conductance in
electronicsolutions 22. Potential difference (V) Resistance
(R)Electric current (I) 1 1 Electrical conductance (G) R or S a
Resistivity ( ) Rcm 1 23. Cell constant = cm-1(or m 1)aC e ll C o n
s tan t Conductivity (k) R e s is tan ce Molar conductivity (m) =
(k in -1 k m-1 and C in mol m-3) OR C 24. k 1000 mC(k in -1 m-1 and
C in mol m-3) 0 0 Kohlarauschs law : 0 m Degree of dissociation ( )
0 2 m C Dissociation constant (ka) ( 0 0 m) 25. Electrochemical
cells Electrolytic cells Galvanic or voltaic cells Electrode
potentials and cells potential 26. 00 0 E cell E red (cathode) E
red (anode) 00.0592 n EM n / M E Mn log10 [M ] /M n 0 0 .0 5 9 2[P
r o d u c ts]E c e ll E c e ll lo g1 0 n [R e a c ta n ts] 27. 0
0Gn FE cellG = nFEcellG0 = - RTln K00.0592 E celllog10 K n For
spontaneous cell reaction :Ecell > 0; G < 0 28. 5. Chemical
KineticsRate of reaction For a reaction, aA + bB cC + dD 1 [A ] 1
[B] 1 [C] 1[D ] at btct dtAverage rate = Rate law : Rate = k
[A]a[B]b 29. Dependence of rate on reactant concentration2 .3 0 3
[A ]0k tlog0 [A ]t(for first order reaction) 0.693 t = k (for first
orderreaction) 30. [A ]0[A ]t k= t(For zero order reaction)[A ]0 t=
(For zero order reaction 2k Molecularity of elementary reactions
Collision theory and activation energy 31. Temperature dependence
ofreaction rates (Arrhenius equation) K = Ae Ea/RT (Arrhenius
equation)Ea Log10k = log10A 2 .3 0 3R T Log10 32. Effect of
catalyst on rates of reactionsk2 E a ( T2 T1)k1 2 .3 0 3RT1T2 33.
6. General & Processesof Isolation of Elements Concentration of
an ore Oxidation reduction Refining of crude metal 34. Extraction
of Zinc Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of
Copper 35. 7. pBlock Elements Group 15 elements Group 16 elements
Group 17 elements Group 18 elements 36. Reference electrodes Common
types of cells Fuel cells Electrochemical series Corrosion 37.
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