Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanje CAREER COUNSELLING BASED ON CHOICE THEORY Mirjana Zećirević Bled, 22-23 May, 2012 CROSS BORDER SEMINAR 2012 Career Management

Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanjeHrvatski zavod za zapošljavanje

CAREER COUNSELLING BASED ON CAREER COUNSELLING BASED ON CHOICE THEORYCHOICE THEORY

Mirjana ZećirevićMirjana Zećirević

Bled, 22-23 May, 2012Bled, 22-23 May, 2012

CROSS BORDER SEMINAR 2012CROSS BORDER SEMINAR 2012Career Management SkillsCareer Management Skills


Reasons for career counselingReasons for career counseling

Transitional periodsTransitional periods

Stress related work issuesStress related work issues

Loss of jobLoss of job

or all of the aboveor all of the above


Incorporates several stages

The Career Counseling ProcessThe Career Counseling Process

PlanninPlanningg

EvaluatioEvaluationn


Why Do We Need Theories?Why Do We Need Theories?

Theories help explain human behaviorTheories help explain human behavior

Theories guide us in what we do with Theories guide us in what we do with clientsclients

TheTheories ories help help understand theunderstand the factors factors in in the process of decision makingthe process of decision making

Theories help us Theories help us make make hypothesihypothesiss about a client’s future behaviorabout a client’s future behavior


Career BehaviorCareer Behavior TheorTheories:ies:

Trait and Factor TheoriesTrait and Factor Theories: : SStress tress anan individual’s need to individual’s need to develop his or her “traitsdevelop his or her “traits””(interests, values, skills) as well as (interests, values, skills) as well as select environments that compliment those traitsselect environments that compliment those traits - Holland - Holland

Developmental TheoriesDevelopmental Theories: : SShare the assumption that factors hare the assumption that factors related to career choice are also related to stages of personal related to career choice are also related to stages of personal and psychological developmentand psychological development– Donald Super– Donald Super

Learning TheoriesLearning Theories: : Describe the learning processes by which an Describe the learning processes by which an individual gains self-efficacy and what effect this has on the individual gains self-efficacy and what effect this has on the career decision-making processcareer decision-making process - Krumboltz - Krumboltz

Socioeconomic theoriesSocioeconomic theories: : Focus on Focus on socioeconomic status and socioeconomic status and the influence of sociological and economic factors on the influence of sociological and economic factors on occupational choiceoccupational choice – Dual labour market theory – Dual labour market theory

Social - Cognitive theoriesSocial - Cognitive theories: : Focus more on the personal Focus more on the personal constructions people place on events related to career and constructions people place on events related to career and decisions makingdecisions making – Lent, Brown, Hacket: social cognitive career – Lent, Brown, Hacket: social cognitive career theorytheory


William Glasser’s Choice TheoryWilliam Glasser’s Choice Theory

is used in diffis used in diffeerent settings:rent settings:

In counseling (individual and group) – Reality In counseling (individual and group) – Reality TherapyTherapy

In schools – Glasser’s Quality SchoolsIn schools – Glasser’s Quality Schools

OrganisationOrganisations/companiess/companies – Lead management – Lead management


Choice TheoryChoice Theory / /Reality TherapyReality Therapy in in career counselingcareer counseling

The client and The client and the the counselor explore the counselor explore the client’s client’s wants wants and and needs.needs.

Focus Focus on on consciousconscious, , plannedplanned behavior behavior, , on on responsibilityresponsibility and and choice.choice.

Trustful rTrustful relationshipelationship b between etween a a client and client and a a counselorcounselor isis crucial crucial

HHelpelpss clients look at the consequences of clients look at the consequences of their own actions.their own actions.


Choice TheoryChoice Theory / /Reality TherapyReality Therapy in in career counselingcareer counseling

Instead of seeking to change behavior, Instead of seeking to change behavior, the the counselor counselor works on changing awareness of works on changing awareness of responsibility.responsibility.

Once responsibility is acknowledged by the Once responsibility is acknowledged by the client, it is then possible to work on behavior client, it is then possible to work on behavior changechange

The locus of the decision is placed on the clientThe locus of the decision is placed on the client The only person you can control is yourselfThe only person you can control is yourself

Behavior = an attempt to get what we wantBehavior = an attempt to get what we want


Comparison to Choice TheoryComparison to Choice Theory

Donald Super’s Life-Span Donald Super’s Life-Span Theory of Career DevelopmentTheory of Career Development

People have different abilities, People have different abilities, interests and values and are interests and values and are qualified for different occupationsqualified for different occupations

People change over time and People change over time and with experience and so too do with experience and so too do their abilities, interests and valuestheir abilities, interests and values People go through life stagesPeople go through life stages

whereby they experience whereby they experience growth, exploration, growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance establishment, maintenance and decline in their career lifeand decline in their career life.

Choice Theory

Each indvidual is unique, has its Each indvidual is unique, has its own quality world own quality world (what they want (what they want to achieve)to achieve)

People change their quality world People change their quality world over timeover time, as well as their , as well as their possiblitiespossiblities

People go through life fulfilling their People go through life fulfilling their needs their wishes; making choices needs their wishes; making choices and decisions that take into account and decisions that take into account past experience and their current past experience and their current perception on themselvesperception on themselves



Frank Parson’s model Frank Parson’s model

A A person shouldperson should::

UUnderstand one’s selfnderstand one’s self

UUnderstand job requirementsnderstand job requirements

CChoose a career that is based hoose a career that is based upon knowledge and logic.upon knowledge and logic.

Choice TheoryChoice Theory

Make self-assessment Make self-assessment (e(explore needsxplore needs and and wishes wishes))Understand Understand circumstances/ circumstances/ realityrealityMMake best possible choice ake best possible choice atat the current circumstances the current circumstances based on selfbased on self--assessmentassessment



Holland’s TheoryHolland’s Theory

VVocational goals ocational goals areare related to related to a person’s identitya person’s identityPeople are not as happy with People are not as happy with their career if they have not their career if they have not chosen one that is congruent chosen one that is congruent with their personality typewith their personality type A match between personality A match between personality type, and the environment type, and the environment which supports that type, leads which supports that type, leads to greater career satisfactionto greater career satisfaction

Choice TheoryChoice Theory

People make choices People make choices upon their assessed upon their assessed needs, wishes and goals, needs, wishes and goals, taking into consideration taking into consideration the circumstances. the circumstances.

People make best People make best possible choices in order possible choices in order to achieve satisfactionto achieve satisfaction



Social Cognitive TheoriesSocial Cognitive TheoriesTThe interaction between people and he interaction between people and environment is dynamic and ever environment is dynamic and ever changing changing MMore emphasis is placed on self-ore emphasis is placed on self-regulatory cognitions,regulatory cognitions, including including self-self-efficacy efficacy Career related behavior is Career related behavior is influenced byinfluenced by a a person’s behavior in person’s behavior in general, beliefs about self-efficacy, general, beliefs about self-efficacy, outcomes and goals, and genetically outcomes and goals, and genetically determined characteristics.determined characteristics.People’s interests lie in their belief People’s interests lie in their belief that they can do these things wellthat they can do these things well.

Choice TheoryChoice TheoryFrom the environment we get From the environment we get information; each individual decide information; each individual decide upon current perception which is upon current perception which is changing over timechanging over timeEach personEach person is responsible for is responsible for his/her own choices. Phis/her own choices. People have eople have direct control odirect control overver their activities their activities and thoughts and thoughts PPeople can change their thoughts eople can change their thoughts (the way how they see things) and (the way how they see things) and their activities (what ttheir activities (what theyhey do). do). PeoplePeople can choose to see can choose to see themselves as people who can do themselves as people who can do things wellthings well.

Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanjeHrvatski zavod za zapošljavanjeCognitive Aspects of Cognitive Aspects of Career counselling Career counselling

based on Choice Theorybased on Choice Theory

The assessments :The assessments :

Explore Explore his/herhis/her wantswants and how thand how theyey relate to their relate to their needsneeds; ;

Explore his/her behavior -Explore his/her behavior - what they are what they are doingdoing and and thinkingthinking to meet those needs;to meet those needs;

EEvaluatevaluate behavior in relationship to those needs behavior in relationship to those needs /Does it /Does it help?help?

Assess other Assess other possible choicespossible choices

PPlan to change lan to change behavior to more effectively meet needsbehavior to more effectively meet needs


ExercizeExercize

You have a choice in everything that you do You have a choice in everything that you do and feel and feel atat your work /life?your work /life?

You are only responsible for your own You are only responsible for your own behaviour?behaviour?

You can’t make anybody feel or do anything?You can’t make anybody feel or do anything?

Nobody can make you feel or do anything?Nobody can make you feel or do anything?


ExercizeExercize

In pairs or In pairs or small small groups make a list of what you groups make a list of what you feel individuals/people needfeel individuals/people need (in their career, (in their career, life..)life..)

Make another list of what your wants and Make another list of what your wants and expectations are/were.expectations are/were.

Discuss as a groupDiscuss as a group


ExercizeExercize

In In ppairs, have a role playairs, have a role play

Person A can play the therapist Person A can play the therapist

Person B can play Person B can play him/herselfhim/herself

Person B needs to think about something that Person B needs to think about something that she/he she/he wantwants,s, that that he/she hashe/she has not got yet not got yet..PPerson A can use the erson A can use the ways ways to help the client to help the client discover what that want is, what they are discover what that want is, what they are doing now to get itdoing now to get it, to, to evaluate behavior evaluate behavior, , assess the possible choices and make plan..assess the possible choices and make plan....

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Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanje CAREER COUNSELLING BASED ON CHOICE THEORY Mirjana Zećirević Bled, 22-23 May, 2012 CROSS BORDER SEMINAR 2012 Career Management