HPP301 Week Thirteen Slides

8/2/2019 HPP301 Week Thirteen Slides

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Contemporary Issues in Health

and Exercise

HPP301

Week Thirteen


2/20

Learning Outcomes

Application of psychological theory within a

contemporary issue

Analysis of a contemporary issue through SDT

Essay assignments

Tuesday 8th May Deadline


3/20

Childhood Obesity

Discuss this issue in a pair

Perform a brief A-B-C analysis of the issue

What is your opinion on the: Antecedents

Behaviours

Consequences

What do you think is the answer?


4/20

Facts and Figures

12.3 12.9

13.514.4

15.116.4 16.7

17.4 17.9 17.3 16.9 16.4 16.3

1 996 1 99 7 1 998 1 99 9 2 00 0 2 00 1 2 002 2 00 3 2 004 2 00 5 2 00 6 2 00 7 2 00 8

Child Obesity Prevalence 2-15 Years: Health Survey for England


5/20

Facts and Figures

National Child Measurement Programme 2010/2011 (BMI)

Underweight

0.9%

Healthy weight

76.0%

Overweight

13.3%

Obese

9.8%

Reception(aged 4-5 years)

Underweight

1.3%

Healthy weight

65.4%

Overweight

14.6%

Obese

18.7%

Year 6(aged 10-11 years)


6/20

Key Findings

Obesity among 210 year olds rose from 10.1% in 1995to 14.4% in 2009 in the UK

Indications that the previous upwards trend in childobesity may now be flattening out

Too early to be certain of long-term change Obesity prevalence shows strong links with deprivation

Boys from all minority groups are more likely to beobese than white British boys, as are girls from some

groups (e.g. Mixed, Pakistani, Black and Bangladeshi) Potential interaction between deprivation and

ethnicity, and between ethnicity and height (BMI)


7/20

Proximal Causes

Diet

Physical Activity


8/20

Diet

Much data concerns fruit and vegetable intake

Useful trend data but is not necessarily indicative of wider

dietary patterns

One in five children aged 515 met the five a day target in 2009

Average child ate 3 portions per day

Rose from 11% to 22% between 2001 and 2009

Highest income bracket most likely to meet target

Intake of saturated fat lower than previous years but remains higher

than recommended (35%)

Around two in three boys and three in four girls accurately report

that five portions of fruit and vegetables should be consumed each

day. However only 22% of boys and 21% of girls can correctly

identify what a portion is


9/20

Measuring Diet

Many of the figures presented in this briefing

are self reported figures

Use with caution as people may over or under

report consumption of certain foods

Desire to show socially desirable behaviour

Inaccuracies in childrens recall

Confusion or misunderstanding about portion sizeand content of foods

Parents respond to questions if a child is under 12


10/20

Physical Activity

More boys (32%) than girls (24%) aged 215years achieved an hour of moderate activityevery day

PA declines with age, accelerometer data show asubstantial decrease in PA between ages 410and 1115 years, with very low levels for girls

PA related to household income Lowest income bracket more likely to be active

Proportion of 516 y/o participating in 2 hours ofPE at school p/w increased from 44% in 2003/04to 86% in 2009/10


11/20

Measuring Physical Activity

What options do we have for measurement?

Self-report

Questionnaire

Diary

Objective

Pedometer

Accelerometer


12/20

Measurement Issues

What are the advantages and disadvantages

of these methods?

Self-report

Subjective

Social desirability

Objective

Specificity

Influence


13/20

Distal Causes

Diet and physical activity

Is that a sufficient explanation of rising global

levels of obesity and overweight?

What might this not explain?

Discuss in pairs and feedback to the group


14/20

Problem Context

Human context

100 variables directly or indirectly influenceenergy balance, which can be broadly categorised

into biology, food consumption and environment,physical activity and activity environment,individual psychology and societal influences

complex web of societal and biological factors

that have, in recent decades, exposed ourinherent human vulnerability to weight gain

Foresight Report (2007)


15/20

Intervention Approaches

Theoretical Options

Attitudinal

TOPB

Motivational

SDT

Stage-Based

TTM


16/20

Relevance of SDT Sub-Theories

Primary relevance is with the consideration of

CET

BPNT

OIT

This is typical with most issues

Other sub-theories are typically there to

account for individual differences in findings,rather than accounting for variances inaverages


17/20

Motivational Approaches

Cognitive Evaluation Theory (Deci, 1975; Deci & Ryan,1985) involves the processing of informationconcerning reward structures and teases apart intrinsicand extrinsic motivation to physical activity. Thus, it

remains a viable theory for the study of motivationalprocess in physical activity behaviour. Extending thisperspective, and including the psychological needs ofcompetence, autonomy and relatedness, Deci and Ryan(1985; 1991) propose Self-determination Theory, which

is an important perspective for the study of motivationin physical activity.

BPS (2011)


18/20

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Consideration of the meaning of intrinsic and

extrinsic split

Obesity

Intrinsically motivate to eat?

Extrinsically motivated to exercise (if at all)

How can we influence this?

CET allows a consideration of the framework

of the problem


19/20

Organismic Integration Theory

Divides the extrinsic consideration into

specific regulations

Permits the identification of the motivation-

nessof the average client

This then permits the nature of the

intervention to be determined

It helps us locate and improve our target

group


20/20

Basic Psychological Needs Theory

This permits a consideration of the environment

or climate considerations for intervention

These are our tools by which to effect our

intervention

They permit the delivery of a holistic intervention

Continued development of these aspects permit

the maintenance of the target behaviour

Documents

HPP301 Week Thirteen Slides