Howard GardnerBy: Maria Alejandra

Raudales

Early Life & InfluencesHoward Earl Gardner was born in July 11,

1943. He studied at Harvard University and became a psychologist. He is best known because of his theory of multiple Intelligences.

He entered Harvard in 1961 with the intention of majoring in history but decidedto study social relations which is a combination of psychology, sociology, and anthropology due to the influence of Erik Erikson.

His top influences are Jean Piaget, Nelson Goodman and Jerome Bruner.

INTELLIGENCE CATEGORIES

Linguistic… Has a very good undersanding of words

and figurative language. High level of oral and writting

communication skills. familiarity of grammar rules Sensitivity to the rythms of words Knows very well how to determine the

uses of language (persuasive, informative, etc.)

Poets, writters, and public speakers are good examples of linguistically intelligent persons.

LOGICAL MATHEMATICAL… Has the ability of understanding and

comprehending numbers and logical concepts very well.

Percieves numerical and logical patterns Highly developed reasoning skills High understanding of abstract analysis

and functions. Physicists, computer programmers, and

business executives, such as accountants, are examples of logical-mathematically intelligent people

Musical & Rythmic… An ability to understand and express

muscal forms. sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, meter, tone,

or melody sensitivity to timbre, or a good ability to

distinguish the sound of a violin from that of a flute, viola, human voice, or cello. 

Composers, musicians, and conductors are examples of careers for musically intelligent people.

Intrapersonal… Good self-knowledge and is highly aware of

one’s dreams, goals, strength, limitations, moods, anxieties, desires, and motivations.

the ability to act on the basis of self-knowledge, creating environments, guiding behavior, and making decisions based on an accurate picture of oneself.

People that have intrapersonal intelligence know themselves well. They aren’t forced into molds, and they make decisions based on what is right for themselves.  They possess a strong sense of identity and purpose. 

Interpersonal… Posses an ability to perceive and make

distinctions in the moods, characteristics, intentions, temperaments, motivations, and feelings of other people.

Treats each individual with their personal distinctions in mind.

Those who have highly developed interpersonal intelligence are successful leaders, bosses, public speakers, and military officers.

Bodily Kinesthetic… Highly developed coordination, balance,

dexterity, strength, speed, and flexibility.

Ability in using the entire body to relate thoughts and feelings.

An ability to manipulate objects skillfully, using both fine and coarse motor movements.

Dancers, football players, and gymnasts are examples of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.

Spatial… Sensitivity to the relationship between

line, color, shape, space, and form. An ability to manipulate and mentally

rotate objects. The capacity to create a graphic

likeness of a real object. The ability to understand the

components of visual and spatial displays within the graphic arts.

Graphic artists, architects, and map-makers are examples of spatially intelligent jobs.

Naturalist… Shows a very strong interest in the

animal and plant species of the world. A higly developed ability to observe

patterns in nature. Strongly likes being outdoors. Shows a strong interest on keeping the

well-being of the environment.

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

This theory was proposed to describe intelligence in a more accurate and address whether methods which claim to measure intelligence are truly scientific.

Example: a child who masters multiplication easily is not necessarily more intelligent overall than a child who struggles to do so. The second child may be stronger in another kind of intelligence, and may best learn the given material through a different approach, may stand out in a field outside of mathematics, or may even be looking through the multiplication learning process at a deeper level that hides a potentially higher mathematical intelligence than in the one who memorizes the concept easily.

Savant Syndrome

Gardner used case studies of autistic savants as part of his theory on multiple intelligences. On one hand they have severe mental disabilities and thus impaired social skills, but on the other they have some extraordinary mental abilities not found in most people.

The savant syndrome skills involve striking feats of memory and often include arithmetic calculation and sometimes unusual abilities in art or music. There is actually a disproportionate regularity with which the triad of blindness, mental disability and musical genius occurs in savant syndrome. Examples include Derek Paravicini who has severe learning disability but can remember every song he has ever heard.

Project Zero

After Howard finished his PhD. Studies, he continued working in Harvard and made a reaserch team with fellow scientist Nelson Goodman and founded a reaserch group known as Project Zero.

Project Zero studies the systematic study of artistic thought and creativity in the arts as well as humanistic and scientific discilines. Gardner still remains involved in the project.

BOOKS The Quest for Mind The Shattered Mind Artful Scribbles: The Significance of Children's Drawings Art, Mind and of Multiple Intelligence The Mind's New Science A History of the Cognitive RevolutionTo Open

Minds Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice Intelligence: Multiple Perspectives Five Minds for the Future

Use of the Multiple Intelligences at

Schools Traditionally, schools have emphasized

the development of logical intelligence and linguistic intelligence, mainly reading and writing. While many students function well in this environment, there are those who do not. Gardner's theory argues that students will be better served by a broader vision of education, wherein teachers use different methods, exercises and activities to reach all students, not just those who excel at linguistic and logical intelligence.

BIBLIOGRAPHIEShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Gardnerhttp://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/features/images/howard_gardner_05162003.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Gardnerhttp://hmt.myweb.uga.edu/webwrite/linguistic.htm