How Well is Washington State Preparing All Students for College, Careers and Life

8/9/2019 How Well is Washington State Preparing All Students for College, Careers and Life

1/38

HOW WELL IS WASHINGTON

PREPARING ALLSTUDENTS FOR COLLEGE,CAREERS AND LIFE


2/38

A high school diploma is no longer enough; now, nearly every goodjob requires some education beyond high school such as anassociates or bachelors degree, certificate, license, or completion ofan apprenticeship or significant on-the-job training.

Currently, far too many students drop out or graduate from highschool without the knowledge and skills required for success,closing doors and limiting their post-high school options andopportunities.

The best way to prepare students for life after high school is to alignK-12 and postsecondary expectations. All students deserve a world-class education that prepares them for college, careers and life.

Why College- and Career-ReadyExpectations for All?

2


3/38

A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA IS NOLONGER ENOUGH FOR SUCCESSThe changing economy is accelerating the

expectations gap, as careers increasingly requiresome education/training beyond high school,and more developed knowledge and skills.


4/38

4Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. and Donna M. Desrochers, Standards for What? TheEconomic Roots of K16 Reform, Educational Testing Service, 2003.

Jobs in Todays Workforce Require More

Education & Training


5/38

The Rise of the Middle-Skill Jobs

5Source: The Future of Middle-Skill Jobs by Harry J. Holzer and Robert I. Lerman, BrookingsInstitution, February 2009.

High-skill jobs

Occupations in the professional/ technical and managerial categories.

Often require four-year degrees and above

Middle-skill jobs

Occupations that include clerical, sales, construction, installation/repair,production, and transportation/material moving.

Low-skill jobs

Occupations in the service and agricultural categories.

Often require some education and training beyond high school (but

typically less than a bachelors degree), including associates degrees,

vocational certificates, significant on-the-job training.


6/38

Employment Shares by Occupational SkillLevel, 2006

6Source: The Future of Middle-Skill Jobs by Harry J. Holzer and Robert I. Lerman, BrookingsInstitution, February 2009.


7/38

Demand for Middle-Skill Workers OutpacesWashingtons Supply

7Sources: Carnevale, Anthony P. and Donna Desrochers (2003). Standards for What? The Economic Roots of K-12 Reform,EducationTesting Services. http://www.learndoearn.org/For-Educators/Standards-for-What.pdf; Skills to Compete. http://www.skills2compete.org;Measuring Up (2008), The National Report Card on Higher Education. http://measuringup2008.highereducation.org/index.php

In 1950, 60% of jobs were classified as unskilled, attainable by youngpeople with high school diplomas or less. Today, less than 20% of jobs

are considered to be unskilled.

One result:In Washington, the demand for middle- and high-skilled

workers is outpacing the states supply of workers educated and

experienced at that level.

78% of Washingtons jobs are middle- or high-skill (jobs that requiresome postsecondary education or training).

Yet only 42% of Washington adults have some postsecondary degree(associates or higher).


8/38

The Rise of the Middle-Skill Jobs

8Source: Milano, Jessica, Bruce Reed & Paul Weinstein Jr. (Sept 2009). A Matter of Degrees:Tomorrows Fastest Growing Jobs and Why Community College Graduates Will Get Them. TheNew Democratic Leadership Council

Washington should be preparing students for the jobs of tomorrow, notthe jobs of yesterday or even today.

A quarter of American workers are now in jobs not even listed in the

Census Bureaus occupation codes in 1967.

Given the growth of new job sectors most notably green jobs it iscommon sense to provide all students with a strong foundation that keepsall doors open and all opportunities available in the future.


9/38

Washingtons Middle-Skill Jobs

9

Occupation

MedianIncome(2007)

% By Education Level(ages 25-44), 2007

Number of Total Jobs(in thousands)

High School Some College 2006 2016 % Change

Computer SupportSpecialists

$45,300 13% 44% 12.4 15.3 23%

Electrical & Electronic

EngineeringTechnicians

$55,700 27% 54% 2.6 2.9 12%

RadiologicTechnicians &Technologists

$60,100 7% 68% 3.9 4.8 23%

First-line Supervisors/ Managers ofConstruction Trades

$68,700 60% 30% 19.0 20.0 5%

Civil EngineeringTechnicians

$41,200 27% 54% 2.5 3.0 20%

Registered Nurses $66,500 1% 43% 51.0 62.0 22%

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Career One Stop. http://www.careerinfonet.org


10/38

Americas International Edge is Slipping

10Source: OECD, Education at a Glance, 2007 (All rates are self-reported)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60% Young Adults (25-34) with College Degree % Adults (25-64) with College Degree


11/38

% of Citizens with Postsecondary Degrees Among OECD Countries, by Age Group (2006)

55-64 45-54 35-44 25-34 ALL (25-64)

1 U.S. (38%) Canada (43%) Canada (51%) Canada (55%) Canada (47%)

2 Canada (37%) U.S. (40%) Japan (46%) Japan (54%) Japan (40%)

3 N.Z. (30%) Japan (39%) Finland (41%) Korea (53%) U.S. (39%)

4 Denmark (28%) N.Z. (38%) U.S. (41%) N.Z. (44%) N.Z. (38%)

5 Finland (27%) Finland (34%) N.Z. (39%) Ireland (42%) Finland (35%)6 Australia (26%) Denmark (33%) Korea (37%) Belgium (42%) Denmark (35%)

7 Sweden (25%) Australia (32%) Denmark (36%) Norway (42%) Australia (33%)

8 Norway (25%) Norway (30%) Belgium (35%) France (41%) Korea (33%)

9 Neth. (25%) Neth. (30%) Norway (35%) Denmark (41%) Norway (33%)

10 U.K. (24%) Switz. (29%) Iceland (34%) U.S. (39%) Belgium (32%)

11 Switz. (24%) Iceland (29%) Australia (33%) Spain (39%) Ireland (31%)12 Japan (23%) U.K. (29%) Switz. (33%) Sweden (39%) Sweden (31%)

13 Germany (23%) Sweden (29%) Ireland (33%) Australia (39%) U.K. (30%)

14 Belgium (22%) Belgium (27%) Spain (31%) Finland (38%) Neth. (30%)

15 Iceland (21%) Germany (25%) U.K. (31%) U.K. (37%) Switz. (30%)

Washington (42%) Wash. (44%) Wash. (40%) Wash. (42%)


11Source: OECD Education at a Glance, 2007; National Center for Higher Education ManagementSystems analysis of 2007 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org


12/38

FAR TOO MANY STUDENTS DROPOUT OR GRADUATE FROM HIGHSCHOOL UNPREPARED FOR REAL

WORLD CHALLENGES


13/38

010

20

30

40

5060

70

80

90

100

9th Graders GraduateHigh Schoolin 4 Years

Enroll inCollege In

the Fall

Still EnrolledSophomore

Year

Earn aCollegeDegree

100

69

33

2417

Of Every 100 9th Graders in Washington

13Source: NCHEMS Information Center for Higher Education Policymaking and Analysis. Student Pipeline - Transition andCompletion Rates from 9th Grade to College.www.higheredinfo.org/dbrowser/index.php?submeasure=119&year=2006&level=nation&mode=data&state=0


14/38

Achievement Remains Low: 8th GradeAchievement Over Time

14Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress. Analysis of data downloaded fromwww.nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/

8th Grade Math 1992 2009

Washington n/a 40%

U.S. 21% 32%

8th Grade Reading 1998 2009

Washington 32% 36%

U.S. 33% 30%

8th Grade Science 1996 2005

Washington 27% 33%

U.S. 29% 29%

% at or Above Proficient on 8th Grade NAEP


15/38

And Gaps Persist: Washingtons 8th GradeAchievement Gap

15Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress. Analysis of data downloaded fromwww.nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/

Subgroup8th Grade Math

(2009)8th Grade

Reading (2009)8th Grade Science

(2005)

All Students 40% 36% 33%

White 46% 41% 39%

Black 16% 13% 15%

Hispanic 13% 17% 8%

Asian 53% 42% 26%

Native American 23% 25% 15%

% at or Above Proficient on 8th Grade NAEP


16/38

Graduation Rates Remain Inequitable

16Source: Education Week, Education Counts. Developed through the Custom Table Builder,http://www.edweek.org/rc/2007/06/07/edcounts.html

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

American

Indian

AsianHispanic

BlackWhiteAll

50%

79%

55%51%

76%

69%

38%

72%

49%46%

67%62%


17/38


17Source: OECD, Education at a Glance, 2007 (All rates are self-reported)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Iceland

U.K.

Ireland

Netherlands

Germany

Denmark

Israel

Canada

Japan

Norway

Korea

U.S.

Washington

% Young Adults (25-34) with HS Diploma+ % Adults (25-64) with HS Diploma+


18/38

Enrollment in College Does NOT EqualCollege Readiness

18Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Remedial Education at Degree-GrantingPostsecondary Institutions in Fall 2000, 2003.

Percentage of U.S. first-year students in two-year and four-year

institutions requiring remediation


19/38

Freshmen at Two-Year Colleges are MoreLikely to Require Remediation

19Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Remedial Education at Degree-GrantingPostsecondary Institutions in Fall 2000, 2003.

0%5%10%15%20%25%

30%35%40%45%

Reading, Writingor Math

ReadingWriting

Math

42%

19%23%

34%

24%

6%8%13%

2-Year Colleges 4-Year Colleges


20/38

Enrollment in College Does NOT EqualCollege Readiness in Washington

20Source: Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, Key Facts about Higher Education inWashington, Fall 2008. http://www.hecb.wa.gov/news/newsreports/documents/KeyFacts2008-Final.pdf

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

No RemediationMathEnglish

Math & English

64%

32%

15%11%

Percentage of Recent Graduates Enrolled in Remediation atWashington Two- and Four-Year Institutions, 2005


21/38


21

0%

20%

40%

60%

AnyMathWriting

Reading

54%48%

18%

10%

Percentage of Recent Graduates at Washington Community andTechnical Colleges Enrolled in Pre-College Courses, 2009

Source: Role of Pre-College (Developmental and Remedial) Education for Recent High SchoolGraduates Attending Washington Community and Technical Colleges - System Summary for StudentsEnrolled in 2008-09 December 2009 ; http://www.sbctc.edu/colle e/d_deveducation.aspx


22/38


22

Math Enrollment in First Year of College at Washington Community andTechnical Colleges, 2009

Source: Role of Pre-College (Developmental and Remedial) Education for Recent High SchoolGraduates Attending Washington Community and Technical Colleges - System Summary for StudentsEnrolled in 2008-09 December 2009 ; http://www.sbctc.edu/colle e/d_deveducation.aspx


23/38

Remediation Rates Are High Among AllRacial/Ethnic Groups

23Source: Role of Pre-College (Developmental and Remedial) Education for Recent High SchoolGraduates Attending Washington Community and Technical Colleges - System Summary for StudentsEnrolled in 2008-09 December 2009 ; http://www.sbctc.edu/colle e/d_deveducation.aspx

Percentage of Recent Graduates at Washington Community and TechnicalColleges Enrolled in Pre-College Courses By Race/Ethnicity, 2009


24/38

Most U.S. College Students Who TakeRemedial Courses Fail to Earn Degrees

24Source: National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education, 2004:% of 1992 12th graders who entered postsecondary education.

Percentage earning degree by type of remedial coursework


25/38

How Many College Students Return TheirSophomore Year and Go On To EarnDegrees?

25Source: Measuring Up (2008). The National Report Card on Higher Education.http://measuringup2008.highereducation.org/index.php; National Center for Education Statistics2003 , Remedial Education at De ree-Grantin Postsecondar Institutions in Fall 2000.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Completion (4-Year)Persistence (4-Year)

Persistence (2-Year)

56%

76%

53%63%

80%

54%


26/38

Many College Students in WashingtonFail to Earn a Degree

26Source: NCES, IPEDS Graduation Rate Survey, analyzed by National Center for Management ofHigher Education Systems.

Percent of students earning a bachelors

degree within six years, 2006


27/38

The Majority of Graduates Would Have TakenHarder Courses, Particularly in Mathematics

27Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies. (2005) Rising to theChallenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work?Washington, DC:Achieve.

Would have takenmore challengingcourses in at leastone area

Math

Science

English

Knowing what you know today about the expectations of college/work


28/38

A MORE RIGOROUS & RELEVANTHIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION WILLOPEN DOORS FOR STUDENTS

AND KEEP THEM OPEN


29/38

29

Personal Benefits of Education in Washington

While there may be jobs available to high school drop outs andgraduates, they often pay lessand offer less securitythan jobsheld by those with at least some postsecondary experience.

The link between educational attainment and gainful employment

is clear:

More education is associated with higherearnings and higher rates of employment.


30/38

30Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2008). Current Population Survey, Annual Social and EconomicSupplement. Figures are based on total person within the civilian labor force

Personal Benefits of Education in Washington

UNEMPLOYMENT

RATE

LEVEL OF

EDUCATION

MEAN

INCOME

6% TOTAL $45,212

17% HS Dropout $16,067

7% HS Graduate $32,508

4% Some College $41,789

3% Bachelors & Above $69,289


31/38

31Source: Horn, L. and A.M. Nuez (2000). Mapping the Road to College: First-generation Students' Math Track, PlanningStrategies, and Context of Support. U.S. Department of Education. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/2001153.pdf; Adelman, C.(2006). The Toolbox Revisited: Paths to Degree Completion from High School through College. U.S. Department of Education.

The Importance of Rigorous Course-Takingin Closing Gaps

Students who take challenging courses and meet high standards aremuch more likely to enter college ready to succeed.

87% of first-generation college-going students who took a highly rigorouscourse of study in high school persisted in college or earned a degree after18 months.

Only 55% of first-generation students who took just a general curriculumpersisted that long.

High school students who take advanced math double their chances of

earning a postsecondary degree:

59% of low-income students who took advanced math in high school earneda bachelors degree.

36% of low-income students who did not complete the rigorous high schoolcourse of study earned a bachelors degree.


32/38

32Source: Measuring Up, 2008:NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)2003, 2005 Mathematics Assessments.

8th Graders Taking Algebra I


33/38

33Source: College Board, National Summary Reports, 2008.http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2008.html

Students Participating in AdvancedPlacement

Percent of all 11th/12th Graders Participating

in Advanced Placement (2008)


34/38

34Source: ACT (2009), ACT 2009 Results. http://www.act.org/news/data/09/states.html; College Board, Mean SATCritical Reading, Mathematics and Writing Scores by State. http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/cbs-2009-Table-3_Mean-SAT-CR-MATH-and-Writing-Scores-by-State.pdf

Washingtons Students Taking College

Admissions Exams

2009 Washington U.S.

Participation in ACT 18% 45%

Average ACT Score 22.8 21.1

Participation in SAT 53% 46%

Average SAT Score 1562 1509


35/38

THE SOLUTION:STATE-LED EFFORTS TO CLOSETHE EXPECTATIONS GAP

All students deserve a world-class education thatprepares them for college, careers and life.


36/38

The College- and Career-Ready Agenda

36

Align high school standards with the demands of collegeand careers.

Require students to take a college- and career-ready

curriculum to earn a high school diploma.

Build college-and career-ready measures into statewidehigh school assessment systems.

Develop reporting and accountability systems thatpromote college and career readiness.


37/38

Washingtons Commitment to Closing

the Expectations Gap

37

In 2008 Washington adopted college- and career-readygraduation requirements

In 2009, Washington also adopted high school standardsaligned with college and career expectations inmathematics

Washington has a P-20 longitudinal data system thatmatches student-level data across K-12 andpostsecondary systems, and is one of a few states thatsatisfies all ten of the Data Quality Campaigns essentialelements


38/38

HOW WELL IS WASHINGTONPREPARING ALLSTUDENTS FOR COLLEGE,CAREERS AND LIFE

Documents

How Well is Washington State Preparing All Students for College, Careers and Life