How to View the Input-Output Tables

—Input-Output Tables Showing the Flow of Goods and Services in Japan—

Chart 1 Structure of Input-Output Tables

Input-Output Tables are displayed by the combination of balanced rows and columns. They show

the composition of product-sale destinations (outputs) in rows, and the composition of raw materials

and gross value-added expenses (inputs) in columns (see Chart 1).

All industry sectors that comprise the national economy carry out production activities while

finely linked with one another, and supply necessary goods and services for final demand. One

industry purchases (inputs) raw materials, fuels, etc. from other industries and then processes them

(adding labor and capital) to produce goods and services. Furthermore, they sell (output) these goods

and services to other industries as raw materials for production. These purchase-production-sale

chains produce highly processed goods gradually, and, eventually, supply final-demand sectors such

as households, business, government, and exports with finished goods (which are no longer

processed in Japan).

Demand sector (buyer) (Less)

1 2 3

Agr

icul

ture

, for

estr

y an

d fi

sher

Min

ing

Man

ufac

turi

ng

Goods andservices

produced Tot

al

Tot

al

Supply sector (seller) A B C A+B-C

1

2 Mining

3 Manufacturing

Total D

Compensation of employees

Operating surplus

Depreciation of fixed capital

Indirect taxes

(Less) Current Subsidies

Total E

National production (gross inputs) D+E

End

ogen

ous

sect

ors

Exo

geno

us s

ecto

rs

→Rows

Gro

ss v

alue

add

ed

Endogenous sectors Exogenous sectors

Supplied goodsand services

Agriculture, forestry and fishery

Consumption expenditure outside households

↓ Columns

Composition of product sale destinations (outputs)

Com

pos

itio

n o

f ra

w m

ater

ials

an

d g

ross

val

ue

add

ed e

xpen

ses

(in

pu

ts)

Impo

rts N

atio

nal p

rodu

ctio

n(g

ross

out

puts

)

Intermediate demand Final demand

Inte

rmed

iate

inpu

t

Con

sum

ptio

n ex

pend

iture

out

side

hous

ehol

ds

Con

sum

ptio

n

Fixe

d ca

pita

l for

mat

ion

Stoc

k / I

nven

tory

Exp

orts

• Row production (A + B - C) and Column production (D + E) agree.• Totals for gross value added and final demand minus imports / inflows agree.

Difference among Updated Input-Output Tables and Basic Tables (National Tables)

(Previews)Updated Input-Output

Tables Updated Input-Output Tables Basic Tables (National Tables)

Latest release year

and number of

sectors released

2012

(Row 80 × Column 80 sectors)

(Row 53 × Column 53 sectors)

2011

(Row 518 × Column 405 sectors)

(Row 80 × Column 80 sectors)

(Row 533 × Column 53 sectors)

2005 (Definite report)

(Row 520 × Column 407 sectors)

(Row 190 × Column 190 sectors)

(Row 108 × Column 108 sectors)

(Row 34 × Column 34 sectors)

Point of time Every year Every year Every five years (years ending with

0 or 5)

Release year The fiscal year following the target

year Two-years after the target year Three-years after the target year

Compilation year 2000–2012 1973–1999,

2004–2011

1951, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970,

1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995,

2000, 2005

Structure of work Ministry of Economy, Trade and

Industry

Ministry of Economy, Trade and

Industry

Joint work involving ten offices,

ministries and agencies

Valuation Producers’ price Producers’ price Producers’ price

Purchasers’ price

Value

Market value (nominal value)

Fixed price value (real value)

(2005 value)

Market value (nominal value)

Fixed price value (real value)

(2005 value)

Market value (nominal value)

Fixed price value only for linked

tables (real value)

(2005 value)

Estimate method Mainly by dynamic statistics

Mainly by structure statistics

(In accordance with basic tables to

the utmost extent)

Mainly by structure statistics

Balance adjustment Mechanical balance adjustment

Adjusted manually up to an error

of 100 billion yen and error rate of

5%, and then adjusted

mechanically

Manual adjustment

Differences in

concept

○No particular reference to

category of self transport

○Consumption, including social

capital, is not dealt with.

○No particular reference to

category of self transport

○Consumption, including social

capital, is not dealt with.

○No particular reference to

category of self transport

○Consumption, including social

capital, is dealt with.

Status Preliminary report of extended

tables Definite report of extended tables

Benchmark of SNA and various

indices

Advantages Earlier release than extended tablesExtremely useful for analysis due

to basic sector classification

Become benchmark of each

material due to highly accuracy

Disadvantages Difficult to use for analysis due to

a rough number of sectors

Later release than abridged

extended tables Late release

Others

Production values are lower than

those in basic tables due to

differences in concept.

Production values are lower than

those in basic tables due to

differences in concept.

There are various supplementary

tables.