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HowtousetheDatascape?
TheToflit18DatascapeisausefultoolforexploringthecollecteddataontheFrenchforeigntradeduringthe18thcentury.Ithasseveralfeaturesandtheaimofthatdocumentationistodisplayallthefunctionsandpossibilitiesofferedbythatdevice.
Theuserinterfaceofthehomepage
ThehomepagedescribesthedifferentfeaturesoftheDatascapeyoucanuse.Youcancomebacktothehomepageatanytimebyclickingonthetoflit18logo(surroundedinred).Allthesefeatureswillbedescribedbelow.
1. MetadataaboutthecollecteddataByclickingon“Metadataaboutthecollecteddata”,youcanlearnsomeinformationaboutthedatabase’sstructureandunderstanddatacollected.
Firstofall,youneedtoselectthetypeofdatayouwantinformationon(“Datatype”).Thereareseveraltypes:
• “Direction”:showsalltheFrenchregionsthatprovideddata,youcanseewherethedataareavailable.
• “Sourcetype”:showsthetypesofsourcesavailable:nationalsources,localsources,sourcesfromthecolonies,etc…
• Differentmerchandises’classifications:“Sources”,“OrthographicNormalization”and“Simplification”concernthe
spellingofmerchandises(howitiswritteninthesources,howtheywerenormalizedandsimplified);
“Medicinalproducts”,“Hamburgclassification”,“NorthAmerica”,“EdenTreaty”,“Grains”,“SITC”,“SITCEN”and“SITCFR”areseveralothermerchandises’classifications.Thesetypesofdatashowtheoccurrences(numberofflows)ofeachcategoryoftheselectedclassificationforeveryyear.
• Differentgeographicclassifications:“Sources”,“OrthographicNormalization”and“Simplification”concernthe
spellingofcountries(howitiswritteninthesources,howtheywerenormalizedandsimplified);
“Grouping”and“O’Brien”arecountries’classifications.
Thesetypesofdatashowthenumberofflowofeachcountryorcategoryoftheclassificationselectedforeveryyear.
Thus,youcanusefilterstochooseasourcetype,acategoryofproducts(orjustasingleproduct),agroupofcountries(orjustasinglecountry),adirectionandyoucanseparateexportsfromimports.Afteryourchoicesweremade,youmayclickonthe“AddCharts”buttontoobtaintherelevantinformation.Asanexample,ifyouchoose“Direction”asDatatype,youwillhavefirstthenumberofdirectionsperyearandafterthatallthedifferentdirectionswiththenumberofflowsforeverydirectioneachyear.
2. ClassificationsbrowserByclickingon“Classificationsbrowser”,youcanfindalltheclassificationsforproductsandcountriesandalltheitemsincludedineachcategoryofclassification.
Forexample,ifyouwanttofindouthowanitemwasclassifiedintheSITC(StandardInternationalTradeClassification),clickonSITCinsidethescroll-downmenuontheleftandwritethenameoftheitemonthearea“Searchitem”.Then,pressEnterorclickonFilterforthedatascapetoshowyoutheclassification.E.G.:“Tabacenfeuilles”isclassifiedintothecategoryn°1intheSITCclassification.
YoumayselectSITCENtoseethedetailsconcerningthecategories,theirmeaning,and,forexample,understandwhatcategoryn°1standsfor.
Youcanalsodothesamethingwithcountries’classification.Sometimes,inthesources,theplaceindicatedisnotacountrybutacityoraregion.Forexample,“Venise”isclassifiedinside“Italie”intheclassificationGrouping.
Thereareseveralclassifications,followingahierarchydescribedbellow(forexamplethenormalisationandsimplificationformerchandises,butitisthesameworkforcountries).
Step1:Orthographicstandardization
Inordertoregroupsomemerchandiseswrittenindifferentformsinthesourcesunderasamespelling(forexemple:alun,aluns,Alun,ALUN),wehavechosentostandardizethespellingofmerchandises(inthelastexample,thegoodspellingis“alun”).Soastodothisstandardization,somerulesarerequiredtodoitproperly.YoucanfindalltheserulesinFrenchinthefile“Normalisationetsimplificationorthographiquedesmarchandises”.Thankstothisorthographicstandardization,the50000merchandisesnamesrepresentlessthan25000standardizednames.Obviously,itfacilitatestheworkwiththedata,asanexampletofollowtheevolutionofsomemerchandisestrade.However,differentstandardizationscorrespondtothesamemerchandisesoitisusefultodoasimplificationafterthatstandardization.
Step2:Orthographicsimplification
Orthographicsimplificationconsiststoregroupdifferentmerchandisesstandardizedunderasamedesignationwithoutlosinginformation.Infact,thissimplificationhaspermittedtoreducethenumberofmerchandisesto18000.
3. IndicatorsByclickingon“Indicators”,youcanexplorethedatabaseanddiscovertimeseriesshowingtheevolutionoftradeflows.Youcanseethenumberofflowsandtheirtotalvalueperyear,choosingonedirectionorall,andthenumberofelementsperyearbydirection.
Asinthecategory“Metadataaboutthecollecteddata”,youcanchoosewhichsourcetypeyouwanttokeepandwhichproductyouwouldlikeinformationon.YoucanalsochooseacountrywithwhichFrancehastraded,adirectionandakind(ExportsorImports).Thenyoumayclickon“Addtheline”andexploretheresults.
Ofcourse,youcanfillinnoneofthecriteria,clickon“Addtheline”andhaveresultsabouttheentiredatabase.Asshowninthefollowingexample:youcanseethenumberofflowsperyearanditsvaluefromtheNationalbestguesssources,andthenumberofdirectionsperyearfoundinthedatabaseforthatsourcetype.
Toexportthedataintext-form,usethe“Exportdata”buttononthebottomrightofthepage.
Additionally,youcancompareseveraltimeseries.Forinstance,youcancomparetheevolutionofimportsandexportsintheentiredatabase,youjusthavetoselectImportsinthecriteria«Kind»and«Addtheline»;thenyoumaydothesamethingwithExportsandbothgraphswillcomeontopofeachother.
4. CountriesnetworkByclickingon“Countriesnetwork”,youcanexplorerelationshipbetweendirectionsandcountries,betweenFrenchregionsandtheirpartners.
First,youshallselectwhichcountryclassificationyouwishtoworkwith.Thenyoumightchoosefilters(eventhoughitisnotrequiredtoaddanetwork):sourcetype,product,kind(ImportsorExports)anddates.Thereafter,clickon“Addnetwork”,andthegraphrepresentingthenetworkyouselectedwillappear.Forexample,wehavechosen“simplification”ascountrynodeswithoutanyfilter.Thatiswhatappearsonthescreen:
Youcanseearealnetworkandyoucan“play”withit.Zoominifyou’dlikeabettervisibilityofrelationshipsbetweendirectionsandcountries.Inthatinterface,youhavedifferentpossibilitieswithdifferentbuttons:
PutthenetworkrepresentationinfullscreenZoominorzoomoutRestarttheinitialrepresentationBreaktherepresentation
Moreover,youcanchooseifyouwantthenodestorepresentthenumberofflowsbetweendirectionsandcountries,orthevalueofflows.Thus,thebiggerthenodeis,thehigherthenumberorthevalueofflows.Youcandothesamethingwiththelinksbetweennodes(choosebetweennumberorvalueofflows).Furthermore,youcanalsoseemorelabelsofcountriesanddirectionsbydiminishingthelabelthresholdandincreasethesizeoftheselabelsbyraisingthelabelsizeratio.Finally,youcansearchanodeintherepresentationwiththetool“Searchanodeinthegraph”andgetsomeinformationonthecountryordirectionchosenbyclickingonanode(youwillobtainthenumberofflows,thevalueoftheseflowsandthedegree).Inordertoexportyourresults,youmaychoosebetweenthefollowingfileformats:CSV,GEFXorSVG.
5. ProducttermsnetworkByclickingon“Producttermsnetwork”,youcanexplorerelationshipsbetweenproducttermstradedbyandwithFrance.Itallowsyoutoseehowproductstermsarerelated(asanexample,theproducts“feuillesdetabac”and“feuillesdefer”arelinkedbytheterm“feuilles”).
First,youmustselectwhichproductclassificationyouwishtoworkon.Thenyoumightchoosefilters(eventhoughitisnotrequiredtoaddanetwork):sourcetype,country,direction,kind(ImportsorExports)anddates.Thereafter,clickon“Addnetwork”,andthegraphrepresentingthenetworkyouselectedwillappear.Forexample,wehavechosen“simplification”asproductsnodeswithsomefilters:“simplification”ascountry,“Bordeaux”asdirectionand“exports”askind.Thatiswhatappearsonthescreen:
Thus,youcanseethatthemostexportedproductsfromBordeauxaresugar(inparticularwhitesugar,“sucreblanc”inthegraph)andvine(inparticulartownvine,“vindeville”inthegraph).Youcanapplythesameoptionsthataredetailedin“Countriesnetwork”exceptitconcernsproducts,notcountriesanddirections.Byclickingonanode,youwillbeabletoseethenumberofflowsofthatproductterm,itstotalvalueandthedegreeofthatterm.