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How to Trace the Growth in Learners’ Active Vocabulary? -- a corpus based study
Agnieszka Leńko-SzymańskaTEFL UnitUniversity of Łódź
Dimensions of learners’ vocabulary knowledge
passive knowledgeactive knowledge in an elicitation
taskactive knowledge in a free
production task
Test measuringreceptive vocabulary size
Vocabulary Levels Test (Nation 1983, 1990)
Eurocentres Vocabulary Size Test(Meara & Jones 1990)
Test measuringproductive vocabulary size
Vocabulary Levels Test (active version) (Laufer and Nation 1995)
Some measures oflexical richness
Lexical DensityLexical OriginalityLexical VariationLexical SophisticationOthers less frequently employed tests:
semantic variation, lexical quality, T-unit length, error free T-unit length(Laufer and Nation 1995, Meunier 1998)
Reasearch aims
to compare the validity of two measures of lexical richness: lexical variation lexical sophistication
to trace and analyse the growth of receptive and productive vocabulary in advanced learners of English at two different proficiency levels
Vocabulary Levels Test
originalprivate __________ completeroyal __________ firstslow __________ not publicsorrytotal
Lexical variation measure
Type/Token Ratios Type/Token Ratio Standardised Type/Token Ratio (300
words) Standardised Type/Token Ratio (150
words) Standardised Type/Token Ratio (450
words) -- YEAR IV only
Lexical sophistication measure
Lexical sophistication: Lexical Frequency Profile
1000 2000 UWL (Xue & Nation 1984) not in the lists (> 2000)
Receptive vocabulary sizeYEAR I & YEAR IV
YEAR I 100 students range 5455 -- 9646 word families mean = 8236,1 SD = 936,136
YEAR II 67 studentsrange 7601 -- 10000 word
families mean = 9218,21 SD = 665,933
Comparison of receptive vocab.YEAR I & YEAR IV
8236
9218
7600
7800
8000
8200
8400
8600
8800
9000
9200
9400
YEAR I YEAR IV
Comparison of receptive vocab.YEAR I & YEAR IV
mean Year I < mean Year IVt = -7,41823P-value = 1,15253E-7
Essay statisticsYEAR I & YEAR IV
YEAR I 100 essaysrange 302 -- 659 tokensmean = 486,75 SD = 64,8036
YEAR II 67 essaysrange 466 -- 1030 tokensmean = 714,343 SD = 124,573
Comparison of Type/Token RatiosYEAR I & YEAR IV
Mean t P-value
T/T Ratio I > IV 13,8747 0,0
ST/T 150 I NE IV 1,87254 0,062901
ST/T 300 I > IV 3,8786 7,5826E-5
Comparison of LFP levelsYEAR I & YEAR IV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1000 2000 UWL > 2000
YEAR I
YEAR IV
Comparison of LFP levelsYEAR I & YEAR IV
Means t P-value
1000 I NE IV 1,71543 0,088143
2000 I > IV 8,0447 2,0773E-7
UWL I < IV -12,195 4,2743E-7
> 2000 I NE IV 0,500841 0,617115
Comparison of Type/Token Ratios and receptive vocabulary size
P-valueYEAR I
P-valueYEAR IV
Type/Token 0,2331 0,1329
ST/T (150) 0,5963 0,5983
ST/T (300) 0,2546 0,4174
ST/T (450) --------- 0,1665