How to Strengthen the Concrete and Structure

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     Scheme of Presentation

    Literature

    Review

    Experiment

    al Work 

    MaterialSelection

    AndCollection

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    Literature Reie!

    Concrete is the most important building material

    in all countries and its consumption is increasingday to day. The reason is its components are

    available every where and relatively

    inexpensive, its production may be relatively

    simple, its application covers large variety of building and civil infrastructures works.

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    Continue….

    "he concrete !ithout any fibers !ill deelop the crac#s due

    to plastic shrin#age$ drying shrin#age and other reasons of

    changes in olume of concrete. %lain concrete is a brittle

    material and haing lo! alues of modulus of rupture and

    strain capacity. In order to meet the re&uired alues offle'ural strength and enhances the strain capacity of the

    plain concrete$ the fibers are being used in normal concrete.

    "he addition of fibers in the plain concrete !ill control the

    crac#ing due shrin#age and also reduce the bleeding of!ater. "he addition of glass fibers in plain concrete sho!s

    higher fle'ural strength than plain concrete. Enironmental

    and economic considerations played a great role in the

    increase in use of mineral admi'tures.

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    Aggrega tes

    !ine%ggregate

    •Source &esa # 'owshera$•(btained from )ing )oad Peshawar 

    Coarse%ggregate

    • Source *argala hills #+slamabad$• (btained !rom )ing )oad Peshawar 

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    Ce me n t

    Source ohat

    CollectingPoint

    )ing roadPeshawar 

    -uality !resh 'o lumps

    found

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     !l y %s h

    Source 0

     Si#ahemicalsIslamabad

    olour0

    *rey

    1uality0

    2ery )ine

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    E'perimental 3or# 

    Specific

    *raity ofAggregate

    Absorption and(oisture ontent"est of Aggregate

    %hysical andchemical test ofement and )ly

    Ash

    ompressie "estsof oncrete ubes

    Siee Analysis ofAggregates

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    Sieve %nalysis of !ine %ggregate

    Sieve si0e #in$ t. )etained t. )etained Cumulative

    #1$ )etained #1$

    2 3 3 3

    4 3 3 3

    5 5.26 7.86 7.86

    78 29.95 4.88 8.928

    93 48.4; ;.2;5 76.824

    63 786 99 45.824

    733 753 98 54.824

     

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    2 4 8 16 30 50 1000

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    Cumulative %age Retained

    Cumulative %ageRetained

    Sieve No .    %   a   g   e

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    %erformance of Siee Analysis in oncrete Lab

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    Siee Analysis of oarse aggregate

    Sieve 'o.

    eight )etained#"$

    1age)etained

    Cummulative 1age)etained

    2> 3 3 3

    7.6> 3 3 3

    7> 3 3 3

    9?4> 3.27 73.6 73.6

    7?2> 7.29 87.6 2

    9?5> 3.62 28 5.6 'o.4 3.34 2 25

    Pan 3 3 2

     

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    2 ! 1 ! 1"2 ! #o.40

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    $eive #o.Cummulative %ageRetained

    Siee 4o.

        %  a  g  e

       R  e   t  a   i  n  e

       d

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    Specific "ravity of !ine %ggregate

    %= eight of (ven @ried %ggregate= 4;3 gm.

    A= eight of Pycnometer B ater =853 gm.

    C= AB wt. of SS@ fine %ggregate =;56 gm

    S = t. of SS@ %ggregate = 633 gm.

    Aulk Specific "ravity=

    %pparent Specific "ravity=

    ater %bsorption

     

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    $&e'i(' )ravit* o+ Coar,e

    -ggregate

    %= eight of (ven @ried Coarse %ggregate= 7;53 gm

    A=eight of SS@ Coarse %ggregate=2333 gm

    C= eight of Coarse %ggregate in ater = 7266 g m

    Aulk Specific gravity=

    %pparent Specific "ravity=%bsorption=

    •  

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    )odded Aulk @ensity of Coarse %ggregate

    eight of Cube= 8.753 g

    eight of cube BCoarse %ggregate#(ven @ried$= 77.76 g

     'et eight of Coarse %ggregate= 6.696 g&olume of *ould # Cube$=3.726 ft9

    Compaction of Coarse %ggregate in Three ayers

    # ach ayer 26 Times with temping )od of 24D si0e and

    dia of 6?5D$.

    )odded Aulk @ensity= *ass ?&olume

      =

    •  

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    Specific "ravity of cement

    Sp."ravity of cement=9.76

    #Performed at PCS+) %A$

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    Chemical Composition of Cement

    4ame of o'ide Abbreiation ement ,5/

    Silicon o'ide Si67 78.9:

    Aluminum o'ide Al76;

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    Chemical Composition of !ly ash

    4ame of o'ide Abbreiation )ly ash ,5/

    Silicon o'ide Si(2 7.34

    Aluminum o'ide %l2(9 5.96

    Iron o'ide !e2(9 7.62

    alcium o'ide Ca( 2.76

    (agnesium o'ide *g( 9.22

    Loss on Ignition (+ 77.;2

    Sodium  'a2( 3.5

    Chemical composition was provided by Sika Chemicals +slamabad

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    )uture 3or# in the Research

    Preparation of *ix @esign

    Preparation (f *ix ratio

    Preparation of Concrete Cubes?Cylinder 

    Testing of Cubes?Cylinders