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1.
1Grab a friend and a billiards table.Carom billiards, of any variety, requires two people. It
can be played with a third, but standard carom is with two. You'll need your standard
billiards table -- 4 feet by 8 feet, 4 1/2 feet by 9 feet, 5 feet by 10 feet, or 6 feet by 12
feet withoutpockets.[1]This "without" pockets thing is pretty important. You couldplay on a
pool table (pocket billiards), but you'll soon find that the pockets get in the way and could
potentially ruin the game. Here's everything you need to know (and some things you may
not) when it comes to the table:
Those diamonds are for you to use! If you know your geometry, you can use them to aim
your shot. We'll cover that in the next section (strategy).
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The rail by where the first player breaks is called the short, or head, rail. The opposite rail is
called the foot rail, and the long rails are called the side rails.
The area behind which you break, behind the "head string," is called the "kitchen."
The pros play on heated billiards tables. The heat gets the balls to roll more smoothly.[2]
It's green so you can look at it for long periods of time. Apparently humans can handle
green better than any other color.[3]
Ad
2. 2
Determine who goes first by "lagging." That's where you each line up your ball near the
baulk cushion (the short end of the table where you break from), hit the ball, and see who
can return it closest to the Baulk cushion as the ball slows to a stop. The game hasn't even
started yet and it takes skill!
If you hit the other player's ball, you forfeit your chance of calling who starts. If you do win
the lag, it's generally accepted that you go second. The player who breaks generally wastes
their turn setting up the balls, not taking a strategic shot.
3. 3
Set up the game.You'll each need a cue stick, for starters (you had these for the lag,
right?). Billiards cues are actually shorter and lighter than their pool counterparts, with a
shorter ferrule (the white part near the end) and a thicker butt.[4]Then you'll need three balls
-- one white cue ball (heretofore called "white"), one white cue ball with a black spot on it
("spot"), and one object ball, typically red. Sometimes a yellow ball is used in place of the
spot.
The person who wins the lag calls which ball they'd like to be theirs (cue ball), the white or
the spot. It's just a matter of personal preference. The object ball (red) is then placed at the
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foot spot.[5]
That's where the point of the triangle would be in pool, by the way. The
opponent's cue ball is placed at the head spot, where you normally break from in pool as
well. The starting player's cue is then placed on the head string (in line with the head spot),
at least 6 inches (15 cm) from their opponent's cue.[6]
So, obviously, when your ball is in line with your opponent's, it's very hard to hit both balls
on the table. Hence why if you win the lag, you opt to go second.
4. 4
Determine the rules you and your partner want to play by.As with any game that's
centuries old, there are variations in play. Some make it easy, some make it hard, and
some make it faster or slower. How much time do you have on your hands? And how much
skill?
For starters, every type of carom billiards involves getting a point by striking bothballs on the
table. It's howyou do that that changes:
In straight-rail billiards, as long as you hit both balls, you get a point. This is easiest.
In one-cushion billiards, you must hit one cushion (one side of the table) before the second
ball is displaced.[5]
In three-cushion billiards, you must hit three cushions before the balls roll to a stop.[7]
Balkline billiards removes the one flaw in this game. If you manage to get both balls into a
corner, you could, presumably, hit them off of each other over and over and over. Balkline
billiards stipulates that you cannot receive points from a shot where the balls are in the
same area (often the table is divided into 8 sections) of the table.[7]
Once you determine howyou get points, decide at what point you'd like to stop. In one-
cushion, that number is generally 8.[5]But three-cushion is so hard, you'll have better luck
with 2!
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5.
5Play the game!Move your arm smoothly back, then forward in a pendulum motion. The
rest of your body should remain still as you stroke through the cue ball, letting the cue come
to rest naturally. There you have it -- all you gotta do is hit both balls to receive a point --
technically, each turn is referred to as a "cannon."[2]But here are some more specifics:[1]
The player who goes first must hit the red ball (it'd be weird to hit the other, anyway)
If you score a point, continue shooting
Playing "slop" (accidentally getting a point) is generally regarded as illegal
Always keep one foot on the floor at all times
"Jumping" the ball is a foul, as is hitting a ball when it's still in motion
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6.
6Look for the place on the cue ball where the cue tip should connect.You can do this
while taking your practice strokes. Line up your cue stick with where you would hit the ball if
you could hit it directly. Then aim for thatspot.
Most often, you'll want to hit the cue ball squarely in the center. Sometimes, you may want
to hit the ball to one side or another to impart sidespin, or "English," to it to make the ball
travel to one side. Occasionally, you may want to hit the cue ball below center to cause it to
climb over a ball you don't want to move and strike a ball you do want to move.
Part 2 of 3: Mastering the Cue and Your Stance
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1.
1Grip the cue stick correctly.Your shooting hand should grip the butt of the cue stick in a
loose, relaxed manner, with your thumb as a support and your index, middle, and ring
fingers doing the gripping. Your wrist should point straight down to prevent it from moving
sideways when you take your shot.
Your shooting hand should generally grip the cue stick about 6 inches (15 cm) to the rear of
the stick's balance point. If you're short, you may want to move your hand forward of this
point; if you're tall, you may want to move it further back.
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2.
2Place the fingers of your off-hand around the tip to form a bridge.This prevents the
cue stick from moving sideways when you shoot. There are 3 main grips: the closed, the
open, and the rail bridge.
In a closed bridge, you wrap your index fingers around the cue and use your other fingers to
steady your hand. This allows for more control over the stick, particularly with a forceful
forward stroke.
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3.
3In an open bridge, form a V-groove with your thumb and forefinger.The cue will slide
through and you will use your other fingers to keep the cue from moving sideways. The
open bridge is better for softer shots and is preferred by players who have trouble making a
closed bridge. A variation of the open bridge, is the elevated bridge, in which you raise your
hand to lift the cue over an obstructing ball when striking the cue.
Use the rail bridge when the cue ball is too close to the rail for you to slip your hand behind
it. Lay your cue stick over the rail and keep its tip steady with your off hand.
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4.
4Align your body with the shot.Line yourself up with the cue ball and the ball you want to
hit. The foot corresponding to your shooting hand (right foot if you're right-handed, left foot if
you're left-handed) should be touching this line at a 45-degree angle. Your other foot should
be a comfortable distance away from it and forward of the foot matching your shooting
hand.
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5.
5Stand a comfortable distance away.This depends on 3 things: your height, your reach,
and the location of the cue ball. The further away the cue ball is from your side of the table,
the longer you'll have to stretch.
Most billiards games require you to keep at least 1 foot on the floor when shooting. If you
can't do so comfortably, you may either need to take a different shot or use a mechanical
bridge to rest the tip of your cue stick in when you shoot.
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6.
6Position yourself vertically with the shot.Your chin should be rest slightly over the table
so that you're sighting down the cue stick as close to horizontal as comfortable. If you're tall,
you'll need to bend your forward knee or both knees to get into position. You'll also need to
bend forward at the hips.
Either the center of your head or your dominant eye should line up with the center of the
cue stick without tilting. Some professional pool players do tilt their heads, however.
Most pocket billiards players put their heads 1 to 6 inches (2.5 to 15 cm) above the cue
stick, while snooker players have their heads touching or almost touching the cue. The
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closer you bring your head, the greater your accuracy, but at a loss of range for the back
and forward stroke.
Part 3 of 3: Experimenting with Strategy and Game Variations
1.
1Look for your best shot.This depends all on where the balls lie on the table. In carom
billiards games that allow it, you want to take shots that gather the balls together so you can
score repeatedly by bouncing them off one another (in other words,notBalkline). Take a
look at the angles and how it all lines up. Take into account the cushions, if you need to,
too!
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Sometimes, your best shot isn't a scoring shot (offensive shot) but to shoot the cue ball to a
place where your opponent has difficulty making a scoring shot (that is, a defensive shot).
Take a few practice strokes if you need them. This will limber up your arm before the actual
shot.
2. 2
Get to know the "diamond system." Yep, math. But once you get it down, it's fairly
simple. Each diamond has a number. You take the number of the diamond the cue would
hit initially (called the cue position) and then subtract the natural angle (the number of the
diamond on the short rail). This leaves you with a number -- the number of the diamond you
should be aiming for!
3. 3
Play "artistic billiards." Yep, it's a thing. This is where players aim to complete 76 set-upvariations, all of various levels of difficulty. So when you've got the game down, set yourself
(and your friend) up some trick shots. Who can complete the most difficult ones?
If one-cushion billiards is doable, try moving to two. Three is near impossible, even for the
pros! If you can handle two, you should start playing for money!
4. 4
Strike the cue ball in different ways.How the cue ball strikes another ball can determine
the direction the other ball travels. This effect is called "throw" and can be caused either by
the angle at which the cue ball strikes the other ball, how much English was imparted to the
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cue ball, or both. Billiards players who've practiced and studied the effects of their shots
make use of this when they play pool.
Take some time to experiment! The more you see how many options you have, the better
you'll get and the more fun the game will be. Take your carom billiards skill and start playingpool, 9-ball, 8-ball or evenSnooker!
Major games[edit]
The billiards room inside the RoyalAutomobile Club in London.
There are two main varieties
of billiard games: carom and
pocket. The main carom
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billiards games are straight
rail, balklineand
especially three
cushionbilliards. All are
played on a pocketless table
with three balls; two cue balls
and one object ball. In all,players shoot a cue ball so
that it makes contact with the
opponent's cue ball as well asthe object ball. Others of
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multinational interest are four-
balland five-pins.
The most globally popular of
the large variety of pocket
games
are Pooland snooker. English
billiards, with some featuresof carom billiards, was one of
the two most-competitive cue
sports, along with balkline, at
the turn of the previous
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century and is still enjoyed
today especially
in Commonwealthcountries.
Russian pyramidand its
variants like kaisaare popular
in the former Eastern bloc.
Man playing billiards with a cue
and a woman with mace, from anillustration appearing in Michael
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Phelan's 1859 book, The Game ofBilliards.Games played on a carom billiards table[edit]
Main article: Carom billiards
Straigh t rai l or s traigh t
bi l l iards[edit]
Main article: Balkline and
straight rail
In straight rail, a player scores
a point and may continue
shooting each time his cue
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ball makes contact with both
other balls.
Although a difficult and subtle
game, some of the best
players of straight billiards
developed the skill
to gatherthe balls in a corneror along the same rail for the
purpose of playing a series
of nurse shotsto score a
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seemingly limitless number of
points.
The first straight rail
professional tournament was
held in 1879 where Jacob
Schaefer, Sr.scored 690
points in a singleturn[12][page needed](that is, 690
separate strokes without a
miss). With the balls
repetitively hit and barely
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moving in endless "nursing",
there was little for the fans to
watch.
Balk l ine[edit]
Main article: Balkline and
straight rail
In light of these phenomenal
skill developments in straight
rail, the game of balkline soon
developed to make it
impossible for a player to
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keep the balls gathered in
one part of the table for long,
greatly limiting the
effectiveness of nurse shots.
A balkline(not to be confused
with baulk line, which pertains
to the game of Englishbilliards) is a line parallel to
one end of a billiards table. In
the gamesof balkline
18.1and 18.2 (pronounced
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"eighteen-point-two") balkline,
among other more obscure
variations the players have
to drive at least one object
ball past a balkline set at 18
inches (460 mm) from each
rail, after one or two pointshave been scored,
respectively.
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Three-cush ion b i l liards[edit]
Main article: Three-cushion
billiards
A more elegant solution was
three-cushion billiards, which
requires a player to make
contact with the other twoballs on the table andcontact
three rail cushions in the
process. This is difficult
enough that even the best
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players can only manage to
average one to two points per
turn.Games played on a pool table[edit]
Main article: Pool (cue sports)
There are many variations of
games played on a standard
pool table. Popular pool game
include eight-ball, nine-
ball, straight pooland one-
pocket. Even within games
types (e.g.eight-ball), there
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may be variations, and people
may play recreationally using
relaxed or local rules. A few
of the more popular examples
of pool games are given
below.
In eight-ball and nine-ball, theobject is to sink object balls
until one can legally pocket
the
winning eponymous"money
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ball". Well-known but waning
in popularity is straight pool,
in which players seek to
continue sinking balls, rack
after rack if they can, to reach
a pre-determined winning
score (typically 150). Relatedto nine-ball, another well-
known game is rotation,
where the lowest-numberedobject ball on the table must
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be struck first, although any
object ball may be pocketed
(i.e., combination shot). Each
pocketed ball is worth its
number, and the player with
the highest score at the end
of the rack is the winner.Since there are only 120
points available
(1 + 2 + 3 + 15 = 120),scoring 61 points leaves no
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opportunity for the opponent
to catch up. In both one-
pocket and bank pool, the
players must sink a set
number of balls; respectively,
all in a particularpocket, or all
by bank shots. In snooker,players score points by
alternately potting red
ballsand various special"colour balls".
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Two-p layer o r -team
games[edit]
Eight-ball: The goal is
topocket(pot) all of one'sdesignated groupof balls
(either stripesvs. solids,
or redsvs. yellows,depending upon the
equipment), and then pocket
the8 ballin a calledpocket.
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Nine-ball: The goal is to
pocket the 9 ball; the initial
contact of the cue balleach
turn must be with the lowest-
numbered object
ballremaining on the table;
there are numerous variantssuch as seven-ball, six-ball,
and the older forms of three-
ball and ten-ball, that simplyuse a different number of
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balls and have a
different money ball.
Straight pool(a.k.a. 14.1
continuous pool): The goal is
to reach a predetermined
number ofpoints(e.g. 100);
a point is earned bypocketing any called ball into
a designated pocket; game
play is by racksof 15 balls,and the last object ball of a
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rack is not pocketed, but left
on the table with the
opponent re-racking the
remaining 14 before game
play continues.
Bank pool: The goal is to
reach a predeterminednumber of points; a point is
earned by pocketing any
called ball by bankingit intoa designated pocket using
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one or
morecushion.[17][unreliable source?]
Speed pool[edit]
Speed poolis a standard
billiards game where the balls
must be pocketed in as little
time as possible. Rules varygreatly from tournament to
tournament. The International
Speed Pool Challengehas
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been held annually since
2006.Games played on a snooker table[edit]
Eng l ish b i ll iards[edit]
Main article: English billiards
Dating to approximately 1800,
English billiards, called simply
billiards[5]in many former
British coloniesand in Great
Britainwhere it originated,
was originally called
the winning and losing
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carambole game, folding in
the names of three
predecessor games, the
winning game, the losing
gameand the carambole
game(an early form
of straight rail), that combinedto form it.[18]The game
features
both cannons(caroms) andthe pocketing of balls as
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objects of play. English
billiards requires two cue
ballsand a red object ball.
The object of the game is to
score either a fixed number of
points, or score the most
points within a set time frame,determined at the start of the
game.
Points are awarded for:
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Two-ball cannons: striking
both the object ball and the
other (opponent's) cue ball
on the same shot (2 points).
Winning hazards:pottingthe
red ball (3 points); potting
the other cue ball (2 points). Losing hazards(or "in-offs"):
potting one's cue ball by
cannoning off another ball (3
points if the red ball was hit
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first; 2 points if the other cue
ball was hit first, or if the red
and other cue ball were
"split", i.e., hit
simultaneously).
Snooker[edit]
Main article: SnookerSnooker is a pocket billiards
game originated by British
officersstationed
in Indiaduring the 19th
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century, based on earlier pool
games such as black pool
and life pool. The name of the
game became generalized to
also describe one of its prime
strategies: to "snooker" the
opposing player by causingthat player to foul or leave an
opening to be exploited.
In the United Kingdom,
snooker is by far the most
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popular cue sport at the
competitive level, and major
national pastime along
with association
footballand cricket. It is
played in
many Commonwealthcountries as well, especially inAsia.
Snooker is uncommon
in North America, where poolgames such as eight-ball and
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nine-ball dominate, and Latin
Americaand Continental
Europe, where carom games
dominate. The first World
Snooker Championshipwas
held in 1927, and it has been
held annually since then withfew exceptions. The World
Professional Billiards and
SnookerAssociation(WPBSA) was
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established in 1968 to
regulate the professional
game, while the International
Billiards and Snooker
Federation(IBSF) regulates
the amateur games.
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