Goals and Objectives Goal: Students will learn how to measure
blood pressure.
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Objectives: Define what is blood pressure. Differentiate
between systole and diastole. Outline the risk factors of the high
blood pressure. Label the tools used in measuring blood pressure.
Identify the importance of measuring blood pressure. Outline the
symptoms associated with the increase of the blood pressure.
Outline the steps of measuring blood pressure. Use the basic
knowledge gained to measure blood pressure virtually. Use gained
knowledge and virtual practice to measure blood pressure using real
Sphygmomanometer. What? Why? How? Goals and Objectives
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What is Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force that blood
exerts against blood vessel walls. The pumping action of the heart
generates the flow Pressure occurs when the flow is met by
resistance from blood vessel walls RBCs WBCs Pressure on the blood
vessels wall Blood Flow
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What is Blood Pressure Contract Relax Contract Relax Systole
Diastole Systole Diastole
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In order to measure blood pressure, we must measure: Systolic
Blood Pressure (Pressure inside the heart during systole) Diastolic
Blood Pressure (pressure inside the heart during diastole) So, the
blood pressure measurement will be in the form of: Systolic Blood
Pressure 140 ___________________ e.g. _______ Diastolic Blood
Pressure 110 What is Blood Pressure
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Normal Blood Pressure 120 ___ 80
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How would I know if I have it? Very few people experience
symptoms. This is a silent disease. Damage is done before symptoms
develop. Some symptoms may be: Headaches Dizzy spells More
nosebleeds than normal This is why we screen for HBP!
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Special populations who may benefit from Home Blood Pressure
Monitoring Elderly: BP variability tends to be high, and white coat
hypertension is common. Diabetics: Tight BP control is important
and home monitoring may help achieve this. Pregnancy: The early
detection of pre-eclampsia might be facilitated by HBPM. Chronic
Kidney Disease: BP may fluctuate a lot and home monitors help with
management. Children: White coat hypertension occurs in children,
and there are some data on normal home BP levels at different
ages.
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How? Sphygmomanometer
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Cuff Manometer Pump Valve Stethoscope
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Mechanism of Measurement of Blood Pressure A cuff is inflated
to constrict an artery so that no blood flows. As the cuff pressure
is slowly released, but the artery is still partially constricted,
blood flow begins again. Sounds can be heard because the blood
flows violently causing audible sounds. When the artery is fully
open, the blood flows freely and the sounds disappear.
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Correct Technique Sit calmly with back support, feet flat on
floor for 5 minutes before taking a reading. Upper arm should be
bare. When taking a reading the arm with cuff should be supported
on a firm surface at heart level. Caffeine, smoking, and exercise
should be avoided for at least 30 minutes before the reading is
taken. The cuff should fit snugly.
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Systole Vs. Diastole The first sounds that are heard indicate
systolic pressure (top number). The top number in blood pressure
readings Measures the pressure in arteries when heart is beating
When the sounds stop, diastolic pressure has been reached (bottom
number). The bottom number in blood pressure readings Measures
pressure when heart is at rest
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Steps of measuring blood pressure
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Step 1 Place the cuff around the arm Just above the elbow.
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Step 2 Place the stethoscope under the cuff just above the
elbow.
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Step 3 Close the valve to begin inflating the cuff.
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Step 4 Use the pump to inflate the cuff.
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Step 5 When the cuff inflated to high pressure, open the valve
to deflate.
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Step 6 Listen carefully, when the sound of beats appears, this
is the systolic reading (the upper reading) When the sound stops,
this is the diastolic reading (the lower reading)