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In case you didn't know this yet, compressed air is pretty awesome. With simplemechanical systems pumps energy can be stored and used for an infiniteamount of applications. What I like about compressed air is how simple andaccessible it is. Anyone with a bike pump can start moving air to greaterpressures. Sodapop bottles can be turned into air tanks, and by looking a littleonline and on Instructables, you'll find people who've used compressed air to doeverything from shooting water balloons to powering a bicycle.
In this Instructable, I will show how I made a miniature compressed air turbine.
8/16/13: Thank you for the feature!8/16/13: I'm just shy of 9000 views in barely 12 hours! Thanks everyone!
Step 1: Video!
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FMM/7EAU/HJKC76MY/FMM7EAUHJKC76MY.LARGE.jpg)
About This Instructable
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I am currently a mechanicalengineering student at the University ofToledo. I have a lot of different interestsbut have a particular affinity for technologyand anything flammable. I'm happy to be...read more » (/member/fozzy13/)
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How to Make a Mini Compressed Air Turbine by fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/)
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Step 2: "A Compressed What!?": Theory of Operation
Let's start from the very beginning, shall we?
All matter is composed of atoms. In solids, these atoms are packed very tightlytogether, which is why they are erm, solid. The atoms are forced together anddon't flow around much. In a gas however, the atoms are able to move aroundfreely. So freely in fact, that gases don't have a "form", and instead take theform of whatever container they are in. Gases can be held atdifferent pressures. The pressure of a gas is a reflection of how many atomsare forced into a given space. By using a pump, one can force more gas atomsinto a space, increasing the pressure. If you have a container filled with a gasthat has had extra atoms pumped into it, and you open the container, the highpressure atoms will move to the area with the low pressure atoms until theoverall pressure is equal. The concept that a high pressure gas will move to anarea of lower pressure is the concept that will drive our compressed air turbine.
The compressed gas will move through the turbine to the area outside theturbine. As it moves through it, the air will push the fins, and cause the turbineto rotate. The gases will move toward the center of the turbine, where they exitthe exhaust hole.
Related
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Wie man einen MiniDruckluftturbine (/id/WiemaneinenMiniDruckluftturbine/)by fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/)Faux Metal Tesla Turbine(/id/FauxMetalTeslaTurbine/)by brazilero2008(/member/brazilero2008/)Como fazer um MiniCompressed Air Turbine(/id/ComofazerumMiniCompressedAirTurbine/)by fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/)How to Build a Jet Engine!(/id/HowtoBuildaJetEngine/)by fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/)
Build an Amazing TeslaCD Turbine (/id/BuildanAmazingTeslaCDTurbine/)by mrfixitrick
I made a really fun .gif showing the air molecules being compressed, and thenmoving the turbine! I hope it helps!
Step 3: Tools/Materials
Very few tools and materials were used to make this turbine. Here they are!
Tools:1. Epilog laser cutter2. Inkscape3. Dremel rotary tool4. Hand drill
Materials:1. 1/8" Acrylic sheet I used a cool orange one I found in the shop.2. 632 threaded rod. It's roughly 1/16" diameter.3. 632 washers and nuts.4. 1/8" diameter brass tube this is from K&S metals and I got it at the local
hardware store. Awesome tubes to work with.5. 5 minute clear epoxy
1. Inkscape is an opensource vector graphics creator. If you've heard ofAdobe Illustrator, this is like a free version of that program. I'm using it becauseit's free and available, but feel free to use your vectorgraphics editor of choice. Or you can get Inkscape for free here.
Step 4: Design Turbine
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(http://cdn.instructables.com/F8V/67J3/HJZ86FHA/F8V67J3HJZ86FHA.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FYJ/WS7I/HJZ86FH2/FYJWS7IHJZ86FH2.LARGE.jpg)
1
I designed my compressed air turbine in Inkscape. Everything was kind of madeup as I went along since I'd never used the program, and had no purpose inmind for the final product.
Not familiar with Inkscape? I highly recommend reading through this(http://inkscape.org/doc/advanced/tutorialadvanced.html) first. IT helped mefind my way around and will help you follow the instructions below better.
To draw the center turbine, I did the following in Inkscape:1. Make a new image. Click "FIle>Document Properties". Set default unit to
"inches"; "width" and "height" to 1; and grid to 1/16" or .0625.2. Draw a circle. Click the center of the grid, and hold down "Shift" and "Ctrl".
Drag the cursor to a corner, where it will snap to the grid to form yourperfect, 1" diameter circle.
3. Draw a hexagon. I wanted my turbine to have six fins. Use the sametechnique as that used for the circle in the previous step, but stop when thecorners of the hexagon contact the edge of the circle. It may help to go intothe Document Properties and turn off gridsnapping for this.
4. Convert to "nodes". Select the hexagon and press "Shift+Ctrl+C". This willchange the object to a path, which will let us manipulate it more easily.
5. On the right hand side, there is a toolbar, with a button to allow "snap to cuspnodes". I had this feature turned on for the majority of my nodemanipulationwork.
6. Draw guidelines. I draw a line segment from the top node of my hexagondown. This segment was copied, pasted, and rotated 60degrees multipletimes, and placed on all the corners of the hexagon.
7. Nodemanipulation. Select the hexagon, and a node. Use the "breakpath"function to break the path at that node. Select a node at the broken pointand drag it to the bottom of the line segment. This is where it should "snapto cusp node". Repeat this for each corner. Select each corner, and "joinselected nodes" to make one solid path.
Follow all that? I'm exhausted writing it. Take a deep breath and let's move on!
Step 5: Design Housing
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F86/LFC0/HJZ86F0U/F86LFC0HJZ86F0U.LARGE.jpg)
Now that the center, and only moving part is designed, we'll need a housing tomake everything work!The housing itself is composed of layers. These layers bolt together to makethe housing one piece. I attached .pdf's of each layer! The .svg's were unhappywhen I tried to upload them..
Centerhousing: where the turbine will spin inside of.1. Make a new document. Set default units to "inches"; "width" to 1.44; "height"
to 1.44; grid to 1/16", or 0.0625. This turbine is tiny!2. Copypaste the turbine we drew in the last step into the center of the new
document.3. Draw holes. These will be used for assembly later. I used the same
technique (Shift+Ctrl+drag) as in the last step to draw perfect, 1/16" circles,and positioned them with the help of the grid around the turbine. Theseended up being too small and had to be drilled slightly for ease of use, sokeep in mind that you may want to make them larger.
Intakehousing: where the air will flow into the turbine.1. Begin with the Centerhousing we drew above.2. Select the circle in the center of the turbine. Convert to path. Break path at
selected nodes. I selected the one on the righthand side of the circle.3. Use the "Draw Bezier curves and straight lines" tool, along with the "snap to
nodes" function to draw lines from the broken circle to the side of thehousing.
4. Remember to save this as a different file, so you don't overwrite and lose theCenterhousing.
Drivehousing: where the shaft will leave the housing, and be able to do work.1. Start with the Centerhousing we drew above.2. Select and delete the turbine and circle, leaving just the center circle in
place.3. Save as a different file.
Exhausthousing: where air will exit the turbine, and the shaft will be supported.1. Start with the Drivehousing from above. 2. Copypaste the center hole, and move it down slightly.
turbine plus housing 18insml A.pdf(/files/orig/F08/FVME/HJZ86F9C/F08FVMEHJZ86F9C.pdf)1 KB
turbine plus housing 18insml E.pdf(/files/orig/FGR/4C6I/HJZ86F9D/FGR4C6IHJZ86F9D.pdf)1 KB
turbine plus housing 18insml EE.pdf(/files/orig/F8B/493Q/HJZ86F9E/F8B493QHJZ86F9E.pdf)1 KB
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FCV/6A69/HJZ86FDI/FCV6A69HJZ86FDI.LARGE.jpg)
turbine plus housing 18insml.pdf(/files/orig/FTZ/E9OE/HJZ86F9F/FTZE9OEHJZ86F9F.pdf)1 KB
Step 6: Assembly!
Designs have been made, and you've used a laser cutter to cut them out. Setupwill depend on what type of laser cutter you have available. For my project eachfile was exported as a .pdf, and then imported and arranged into CorelDraw,because it's a program that plays nicely with the laser cutters. The pieces werecut out of transparent orange acrylic. The protective paper over the parts needsto be peeled off.
Approximately 1.5" segments of 632 threaded rod were cut using a Dremelrotary tool with a cutoff wheel. These were put into the holes on the corners,and held in place with equivalent nuts. The holes on the corners were madeslightly wider with a hand drill for ease of assembly.
The shaft was made using a 2" section of the same 632 threaded rod, and twoof the turbine pieces were threaded on to the center. Two small washers wereused to close the space in between the turbine pieces and the sides of thehousing. The center holes were both made slightly wider with a hand drill toallow for the threaded rod to move more smoothly.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FM9/ZUZ3/HJZ86FQB/FM9ZUZ3HJZ86FQB.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FWA/OHSU/HJZ86FQH/FWAOHSUHJZ86FQH.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FVU/454H/HJZ86FQG/FVU454HHJZ86FQG.LARGE.jpg)
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(http://cdn.instructables.com/FWK/E6CA/HJZ86FQN/FWKE6CAHJZ86FQN.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F5M/LRY3/HJZ86FQK/F5MLRY3HJZ86FQK.LARGE.jpg)
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21 days ago Reply
A small section of 1/8" brass tube was cut using a Dremel rotary tool, and the airintake was widened to allow it to be epoxied into place inside the turbine after itwas bolted together.
Step 7: Conclusion!
There you have it! A miniature compressed air turbine!
I'm not sure if I will ever use this for a project, but I may some day! More thananything, I've always found turbines fascinating, and love the sound they makewhen they get going. The possibilities for this little turbine are quite wide.
This design makes a small turbine, roughly 1.5"x1.5"x0.625" in dimensions. What I think is really awesome is that it can be made larger and theoreticallymore powerful by simply cutting and bolting in more layers for air input, moreturbine pieces, and making more exhaust holes in the Exhausthousing.
You should leave me a comment! I like those! They help keep me motivated topublish articles instead of letting the pictures I took rot on my hard drive! : )
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yugeshs (/member/yugeshs/)
Hi,
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7 months ago Reply
I really liked your video. Just curios how did you calculate the turbine bladesize. because i am trying to build one for higher psi (1000psi). if possible canyou send me the link to your calculations, if you did any or have one.
Thanx
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) yugeshs
I didn't actually do any calculations for the size of the turbine blades. Iwould guess that smaller blades would also be beneficial with a higherpressure turbine, to increase their stability. Thanks!
aminnich (/member/aminnich/)
Hi, I am really into your air turbine, but I do have some questions. Like Iunderstand the input of the turbine, but what about the output. Where does theair go?? Would not it just be building up pressure until it blew up? If you couldemail me that would be great. [email protected]
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) aminnich
In Step 5, there's an image that points out the exhaust housing piece.There are two holes in the center of the piece. One holds the axle, theother let's out the exhaust.
HenryValachovic (/member/HenryValachovic/)
Do I glue the three rotors together
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) HenryValachovic
I didn't, but if I could do it again I would have. Irelied on the threads to hold things together, butat higher pressures mine actually spaced apart alittle bit. I would recommend gluing them.
iceng (/member/iceng/) fozzy13
Would you worry about uneven glue distribution unbalancing the rotorat high speed causing failure at the shaft bearings ?
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) iceng
I wouldn't worry about that. This turbine doesn't even have bearings!What I would do most likely is put super glue in between the rotors atthe center, and then push them together firmly, so that the excesssuper glue comes out the sides. The excess would be wiped off,leaving a thin, even layer of super glue between the two layers.
albertuschw (/member/albertuschw/)
sorry, may i get more detail dimension about this design? i try design on scaleto 50mmx50mm but when air move to blade, three blade don;t spin becausefriction with inside wall then i release one blade so the rest are 2 blade and it isspin, but it don;t work because too much losses air on exhaust hole... may igot your suggestion? and email so i can contact more detail on email with CADprogram (inventor)... thx
wbannister (/member/wbannister/) albertuschw
try sanding down the rotor sides a little, just a thought
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ajay842 (/member/ajay842/)
This really reminds me of a toy car I had a few years back, it ran off of air andhad a piston that would expand and contract like a real motor but instead ofgases moving it, it was compressed air. When the tires moved the piston to acertain point it would put some gas into the chamber and propel it forward. Itwas a really cool design. I sold it though for like 30 bucks and I regret that nowbecause it went up a lot. It's vintage 1980's too. Heres a link http://www.ebay.com/itm/Vintage1980TomyAirJammerRoadRammerCarClearBody/261269733313?pt=Vintage_Antique_Toys_US&hash=item3cd4e3bfc1
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) ajay842
I've had a few different toys that used small pistonbased compressedair motors. If I had had more time when I worked as an Artist inResidence, I may have tried to 3D print one. Compressed air is somuch fun.
Thanks for the comment!
ajensen19 (/member/ajensen19/)
Interesting, but I don't really get it. What applications does it have.
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) ajensen19
If you can think of any application where a small electric motor could beused, this could be used instead and run on air power! That said, it wasmade more for the sake of making one than for it to actually be put towork..
EVIL STICKMAN (/member/EVIL+STICKMAN/)
it works and sounds like a dentist drill , it is epic i must say
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) EVIL STICKMAN
Thank you! I'm very happy with how it works and sounds : )
Pietenpol (/member/Pietenpol/)
I have to ask...does it double as a bong?
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) Pietenpol
Just because it has two holes does not mean it is also a bong. No. ButI'm happy to answer the question.
steinie44 (/member/steinie44/)
It looks to me that the Exhaust Hole is covered by the Turbine. Is there aspace there?
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) steinie44
There is a space there. The rotor has a washer between it and eachend of the housing.
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Well Done Fozzy. It's good to see people who actually make things, and get them working, ratherthan just talk about them. I would imagine the speed is extremely high, maybe up to 30 or 40 thousandrpm. Ceramic Bearings are good for up to 100,000rpm if you ever need them. Butthey are a bit expensive. Keep up the good work.
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) stackerjack
Thank you!
Judging by the sound, I definitely think the RPM's are up there whichmakes me pretty happy, but I haven't measured.
Thanks for the comment!
stackerjack (/member/stackerjack/) fozzy13
Thanks Fozzy. Do be careful of those high RPMs. If the wheel were to disintegrate, itwould fly apart at many hundreds of m.p.h. You wouldn't see it happen, it would all be over in a split second, notime to blink. So, please wear safety specs. Remember, you're using your last set of eyes now. Have you tried lubricating the shafts?
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) stackerjack
I haven't tried lubricating the shaft. It's a loose fit, and not airtight, so Idon't think it would help much, but I suppose it can't hurt..
Edgar (/member/Edgar/)
Neat! Went to my Blog: http://fazvocemesmo.blogspot.pt/2013/08/umamicroturbinaumamaoartificial.html
gaiatechnician (/member/gaiatechnician/)
How WEAK can you make it? !! Because if you can make it to run off a solarpanel and provide 1 psi or so, it can fill a huge need in my project! Last year Istarted a low pressure pneumatic grid project. It usually pumps water with theairlift pump process. The beauty of low pressure air and the airlift pump is thatyou have a central air compressor and the pumps are just tubes joinedtogether. NO MOVING PARTS IN THE PUMPS! I currently run 9 palletgardens with constant watering on my grid. And the project works really well.One weakness is that there are no decent low pressure air pumps available torun off dc from a solar panel. You can get low pressure air to run aquaponics,hydroponics, kinetic sculptures, mini water wheels on ponds, wash rootvegetables or clothes, dry fruit, cool stuff as you dry it, and more and more!Mine runs off 3 psi air from an aquarium fish tank bubble pump BUT it actuallyonly uses about 18 inches or about 3/4 psi. I have used it so far to cycle waterfor "pallet gardens" and vertical pallet planters. Some people in thewindowfarms community have used my designs for this in Windowfarmsacross the world. I think I use 7 Watts to run everything.
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) gaiatechnician
That sounds pretty awesome! Mine is able to run by blowing into itwhen the adapter is taken off. IT's a very small pressure but has notbeen measured.
Thanks for the comment!
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MercuryCrest (/member/MercuryCrest/)
Silly question.... You mentioned using 1/8" acrylic...without anything to compare it to in theimages, it's hard to tell, but that looks like 1/4"....
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) MercuryCrest
I promise you it is 1/8"! : )
MadEdd (/member/MadEdd/)
Nice project. When you need to use a lasercutter you can look for a FabLab.They will have a lasercutter and maybe a 3Dprinter. And in a real FabLab youcan use their stuff for free or you pay a small amount of money during their'free hours'. I am a labmanager in a FabLab in the Netherlands, every thursdayafternoon you can use this Lab for free!
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) MadEdd
I seem to live in a maker's wasteland.. The closest FabLab orTechShop is at least an hour away from me, but I have been lookingfor places that can get me to more resources..
shizumadrive (/member/shizumadrive/)
are laser cutters easily accessible to most people. Seems like many haveaccess and ive never seen one in person.
INteresting item im just really curious why I've not see one yet
MercuryCrest (/member/MercuryCrest/) shizumadrive
My first introduction to them was from the Milwaukee Makerspace andwe now have 3 in our inventory.
I'd highly recommend looking for a makerspace in your area which mayhave one available to members. Additionally, there are manycompanies which will laser cut your designs for a price.
There are some affordable "hobbyist" models out there, but their pricetends to be around $5$6,000 starting.
shizumadrive (/member/shizumadrive/) MercuryCrest
Thanks I've looked them up and I live in a major city which is a goodthing but they're on the opposite site of the city. I wonder if one couldbe made piece by piece. Control through an arduino or similar device,The laser Id guess would be the most costly. Hmmm Ill have to lookthis up.
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) shizumadrive
I only had access to laser cutters while I was an Artist in Residence atInstructables, so I don't anymore unfortunately. There is an Instructableon how to make a small laser cutter if you search for it! AndInstructables runs at least one contest every year where they giveaway a laser cutter as a prize. Also as mentioned, makerspaces andhackerspaces will have them sometimes. They're really awesometools.
Mig Welder (/member/Mig+Welder/)
Did you use bearings of any kind? It seems like at such high RPMs, bearingswould be a must.
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fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) Mig Welder
No bearings for simplicity's sake. It performs very well at high RPM'seven without them if you watched the video!
Thanks for the comment!
eyeguy6 (/member/eyeguy6/)
Why didn't you just make a Tesla Turbine? It would have easier and maybeworked better.
jpatarb (/member/jpatarb/) eyeguy6
Why don't you make a tesla turbine (they're easy to make) and post aninstructable?
fozzy13 (/member/fozzy13/) (author) jpatarb
Take a look at the reply I wrote above. You're not the only Instructablesuser thinking about Tesla turbines!
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