How to Drill an ERD Well

8/18/2019 How to Drill an ERD Well

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HOW TO DRILL AN ERD WELL

Nurol Azfizah Mohammad Roszaimey

SWEN/04/4/00!"

AD Well E#$i#eeri#$

%S& H'

Te(h#i(al Wells &la##i#$

%ru#ei Shell &e)roleum


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Contents1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1

1.1 Definition of Extended Reach (ERD) Well...........................................................................1

1.2 Objectie! of "e#o"t...............................................................................................................2

2. $%&NNIN'............................................................................................................................

2.1 Identif the *ell delie" o##o"t+nit, -e al+e d"ie"! and "i!-........................................

2.1.1 O##o"t+nit f"a/in0......................................................................................................

2.1.2 ERD *ell Ri!- Identification (E and o#e"ation).....................................................

2.2 &!!e!! o#tion! to delie" the o##o"t+nit and /iti0ate "i!-..................................................

2. elect the /o!t al+able *ell delie" o#tion.......................................................................3

2. Define the !elected conce#t into a detailed !ol+tion and "ob+!t #lan....................................4

. E5ECUTION..........................................................................................................................4

.1 D"illin0 e6+ence and #"oced+"e......................................................................................4

.2 $"e7co/#letion 8 Co/#letion................................................................................................4

.2.1 %o*e" Co/#letion.........................................................................................................4

.2.2 $e"fo"/ 9T %o00in0....................................................................................................4

.2. R+n /a"t Co/#letion.................................................................................................1:

. Well andoe" to $"od+ction..............................................................................................1:

. E;&%U&TE..........................................................................................................................1:


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1. INTRODUCTIONWith the end of the e"a of >ea! oil? and *ith /ajo" oil field! bein0 !it+ated in dee# *ate"! and

diffic+lt te""ain!, d"illin0 a *ell beco/e! a /o"e and /o"e co/#lex /atte". ince 143@,

i/#le/entation of ho"iAontal *ell technolo0 and extended "each d"illin0 technolo0 ha! been

done to #"od+ce oil and 0a! in a field in the /o!t co!t effectie *a. The +!e of the!e ne*

techni6+e! can /a-e old non‐ #"ofitable field! #"ofitable, #"olon0 an exi!tin0 fieldB! econo/ic

life and /a-e ne* and +nce"tain field di!coe"ie! technicall #o!!ible.

1.1 Definition of Extended Re!" #ERD$ We%%

#ecific definition of an extended "each *ell i! con!ide"ed a! a debatable i!!+e. o*ee", the

c+""ent con!en!+! a0"ee! on the follo*in0 definition 7 a *ell i! defined a! extended "each if it ha!

a te#‐O+t Ratio of 2 o" /o"e. te#‐o+t Ratio i! defined a! the ho"iAontal di!#lace/ent (D)

diided b the t"+e e"tical de#th (T;D) at total de#th. 9+t, fo" /o!t hi0hl deiated *ell! in

dee#*ate" eni"on/ent!, thi! definition clea"l doe! not fit.

o/e /ethod! hae eoled to cate0o"iAe *ell! acco"din0 to thei" !te#o+t *ithin diffe"ent

e"tical7de#th "an0e!. ERD *ell! then can be de!c"ibed conenientl a! !hallo*, inte"/ediate,

dee#, and +lt"adee#. Othe" a"iant! a"e a!!ociated *ith o#e"atin0 in dee# *ate" and hi0h7

#"e!!+"e8hi0h7te/#e"at+"e eni"on/ent!.

The follo*in0 a"e othe" 0ene"all acce#ted definition! of an ERD *ell

i. Well! hain0 ho"iAontal di!#lace/ent! 0"eate" than t*ice the *ellB! t"+e e"tical de#th,

ieldin0 inclination an0le! in exce!! of =. de0"ee!

ii. Well! *hich a##"oach the li/it! of *hat ha! been achieed b the ind+!t" in te"/! of

ho"iAontal di!#lace/ent

iii. i0h‐an0le di"ectional *ell! that a##"oach the ca#abilitie! of the cont"acted "i0.

It !ho+ld be noted that to date, the"e i! !till no !tanda"d acce#ted definition fo" an ERD *ell.

TWL'( N)*o% A+fi+" Md Ro(+i,e- $a0e 1


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1. O/0e!tie( of *e2o*t

Fo" the #+"#o!e of thi! "e#o"t,



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1. IDENTI34IN5 OPPORTUNIT4The fi"!t !te# #"io" to d"illin0 an t#e of *ell i! to fi"!tl find the hd"oca"bon "e!e"e!.

o*ee", locatin0 the!e "e!e"e! doe! not nece!!a"il "e!+lt in d"illin0 a *ell. D"illin0 a *ell

"o+0hl co!t ae"a0in0 f"o/ : to : /illion dolla"!, /a-in0 it hi0h ca#ital inten!it. ence,

#"io" to initiation, it i! hi0hl i/#o"tant fo" ine!to"! to be a!!+"ed on the econo/ic iabilit of

the *ell to be d"illed G o##o"t+nit identification.

Fo" o##o"t+nit identification, !ee"al facto"! a"e to be con!ide"ed

• %ocation of hd"oca"bon

• ;ol+/e of hd"oca"bon G in !it+ and #"od+cible

• Rate of hd"oca"bon #"od+ction

• Unce"taintie! in dete"/inin0 the aboe facto"!

The oil ind+!t" i! an ind+!t" *ith hi0h ca#ital inten!it and a#a"t f"o/ that it i! al!o hi0h "i!-.

De!#ite the adance/ent in technolo0 that ha! inc"ea!ed the /a"0in of !+cce!! of d"illin0 an

ERD *ell o" een that of conentional *ell, the fact !till "e/ain! that the econo/ic iabilit

co+ld not be ded+ced +ntil act+al d"illin0 of the *ell i! done.

The !ta0e! b *hich an extended "each *ell o" al!o -no*n a! ERD *ell +nde"0oe!, i! the !a/e

to that of a conentional *ell. o*ee", !#ecial con!ide"ation to ce"tain a!#ect! *ithin the !ta0e!

d+e to the inc"ea!e of co/#lexit that hei0hten! !o/e i!!+e! #"e7exi!tin0 in an *ell d"illin0

#"oject.

TWL'( N)*o% A+fi+" Md Ro(+i,e- $a0e


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Planning Drilling Completion ProductionAbandonm

ent

IDENTI

FY

ASSES

S

SELEC

T

DEFIN

E

EXECU

TE

OPERA

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The follo*in0 dia0"a/ !ho*! the -e !ta0e! of the t#ical oil and 0a! #"oject life ccle.

The"e a"e /an #oint! in the #"oject life ccle *he"e an oil and 0a! o#e"atin0 co/#an ha! to

decide *hethe" o#e"ation! "e/ain co//e"ciall iable. In fact, onl 1:H of *ell! a"e li-el to

be !+cce!!f+l in f"ontie" off!ho"e ex#lo"ation a"ea!.

ence, fo" o#e"atin0 co/#anie! a! #e" /entioned ea"lie", the co//e"cial iabilit of a *ell i!

con!tantl /onito"ed and deci!ion! on it! contin+it co+ld be done d+"in0 diffe"ent inte"al!. To

en!+"e /axi/+/ al+e of an *ell o##o"t+nitie! i! achieed, #"o#e" #lannin0 and #"oject

definition *ei0ht! a! heail a! the exec+tion.



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.1 Identif- t"e 6e%% de%ie*- o22o*t)nit-7 8e- %)e d*ie*( nd *i(8

2.1.1 Opportunity framing

2.1.2 ERD well Risk Identification (HSSE and operation

. A((e(( o2tion( to de%ie* t"e o22o*t)nit- nd ,iti9te *i(8

2.2.1 Ri0 T#e and #ecification

2.2.2 D"ill t"in0 De!i0n

2.2. Ca!in0 and Ce/entin0 De!i0n

2.2. Co/#letion De!i0n

Well $lannin0 and T"ajecto" De!i0n

In de!i0nin0 an *ell, exten!ie #lannin0 i! "e6+i"ed #"io" to d"illin0 initiation. at ieldin0 an

o#ti/al de!i0n *hich !ho+ld "e!+lt in the !i/#le!t #ath *hile !till achiein0 all 0eolo0ical

ta"0et!.

In othe" to achiee an o#ti/+/ *ell #ath, !ee"al facto"! hae to be con!ide"ed and #+t into

#e"!#ectie. 9a!ed on "e#o"ted ind+!t" ex#e"ience 0ained f"o/ ea"lie" *ell!, and confi"/ed

d+"in0 the d"illin0 of /o"e "ecent *ell!, the follo*in0 a!#ect! a"e con!ide"ed to be -e facto"! in

*ell #lannin0

• Well Trajectory

• Build Rate

• Surveying and Target Sizing

2.1 Well T"ajecto"

To dete"/ine the o#ti/+/ *ell t"ajecto" that *ill achiee di"ectional objectie!, the /o!t

c"itical o#e"ation! o" *ellbo"e cha"acte"i!tic!, *hich a"e the li/itin0 facto"! hae to be identified.

The"e a"e !ee"al a##"oache! to t"ajecto" de!i0n to achiee lon0 "eache! *ith the fe*e!t



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#o!!ible li/itation! on othe" do*nhole o#e"ation!. Table .1 i! a 0ene"al co/#a"i!on of the

/ajo" o#tion! *hile Fi0+"e .1 i! a "e#"e!entation of the a"io+! t"ajecto" #"ofile!.

Option Advantages Disadvantages

Multiple uild P!o"le Rate o! build increases "it# dept# inseveral discrete steps to tangentangle$ #old constant tangentangle

%ery long reac#$ lo"tor&ue'drag values$lo" casing "ear

(ig# tangent angle

uild and #old Constant buildrate to tangent angle$ #old

constant tangent angle

Simple$ long reac#esac#ievable$ lo"

tangent angle

Potentially #ig#contact !orce in

build )tor&ue$ casing"ear*

Dou$le uild Build‐#old‐build‐#old trajectory$ can use t"odi+erent B,Rs in t#e buildsections

%ery long reac#espossible "it# lo"contact !orces inupper build

-ay re&uire deepsteering$ (ig#second tangentangle

Unde!%Se&tion Build and #old"it# deep ./P

Reducing #anging"eig#t belo" buildsection$ reducescontact !orce inbuild

(ig# tangent angle$s#orter reac#

Inve!ted Tangent angle above#orizontal so t#e "ellbore enterst#e reservoir !rom underneat#

0le1ibility !ormultiple targets$avoids gas cap

(ig#er a1ial)buc2ling* loads topus# string up#ill$deep steeringre&uired

'%D Any o! t#e above "it#signi3cant azimut# c#anges

0le1ibility to #andleanti‐collision andmultiple targetre&uirements

-ore curvaturemeans more tor&ueand drag$ deepsteering may bere&uired$ s#orter

reac#

TWL'( N)*o% A+fi+" Md Ro(+i,e- $a0e =


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4n c#oosing among t#ese options$ a use!ul concept to 2eep in mind is t#eC!iti&al Tangent Angle5 T#is angle represents t#e limit beyond "#ic# a tool"ill not slide do"n#ole under its o"n "eig#t$ meaning t#at it "ill #ave to bepus#ed !rom above5 T#e Critical Tangent Angle is mat#ematically representedby

q Cos α = μ q Sin α

Tan α = 61 )758*

Where:

q 9 Pipe buoyant "eig#t$

μ 9 0riction !actor

α 9 Critical tangent inclination angle

TWL'( N)*o% A+fi+" Md Ro(+i,e- $a0e @


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2.2 9+ild Rate

Build rate may #ave a marginal e+ect on tor&ue and drag levels !or very #ig#ratio "ells5 T#is is due to t#e increasing percentage o! string "eig#t supportedon t#e lo" side o! t#e #ole resulting in lo"er tensile !orces at sur!ace5 (o"evercontact !orces may be su:cient to promote unacceptable casing "ear at t#e#ig#er build rates$ especially "#en "ell operations suc# as e1tendedbac2reaming are anticipated due to poor primary #ole cleaning5 As a guideline$

build rates in e1cess o! ;5o" Reac#'T%D ratio "ells do not tolerate #ig# B,R since drill string tension

in t#e curve is #ig#er5

• (ig# build rates can cause casing "ear problems$ especially in #ig#

Reac#'T%D ratio "ells "#ere t#ere may be #ig# tensile loads t#roug# t#ebuild section during trips out o! t#e #ole and bac2reaming5

• >o" B,Rs result in lo"er contact !orces5 T#is typically means lo"er casing

"ear5

• >o" tortuosity is also ac#ievable "it# lo" B,Rs5 4t tends to be more di:cult

to maintain lo" tortuosity "it# a #ig# B,R5

• ?enerally$ "it# lo"er build rate$ more can be ac#ieved "#ile rotating t#e

assembly and t#us t#e c#ances o! ac#ieving t#e desired smoot# build "ill begreatest5

2. +"ein0 and Ta"0et iAin0



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Well De!i0n Wo"-flo*

Ri0 oe and Ri0 U#

Cond+cto"

& colla#!ed cond+cto" !t"in0 can hae /ajo" o#e"ational and econo/ic i/#lication!. It i!

i/#e"atie that d"ie !hoe! a"e +!ed d+"in0 in!tallation beca+!e the ab!o"b /o!t of the d"iin0

fo"ce, *hich !i0nificantl "ed+ce! the "i!- of cond+cto" colla#!e. CI /an+fact+"e! cond+cto"

d"ie !hoe! to !+it the in!tallation of an !iAe of cond+cto". hoe t#e! incl+de

• !tanda"d d"ie

• deiated di"ectional d"ie

• ta#e"7c+t di"ectional d"ie

• clo!ed end

• dee# #enet"ation.

The d"ie !hoe! a"e tailo"7/ade fo" each a##lication, and a"e de!i0ned acco"din0 to the !oil

fo"/ation and

the "e6+i"ed #enet"ation. CI al!o !+#e"i!e! the c"+cial *eldin0 of the !hoe to the !hoe joint.

Ni##led +# 24J? Die"te", :? li#loc- Ri!e", oe"boa"d line! K :? 9ell Ni##le in #"e#a"ation fo" to#

hole d"illin0.

.: Se%e!t t"e ,o(t %)/%e 6e%% de%ie*- o2tion

2..1



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Drill @A8';Pilot (ole

/pen Pilot(ole to ;

Run andcement 8@Aog 4nside

87 7'@FCasing

8; GF (oleC#ec2 Trip

Run and

Cement H


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!.2.! Run Smart #ompletion

:.: We%% Hndoe* to P*od)!tion

:. E>ALUATE

;. CONCLUSION

'. APPENDIX

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION



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CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION



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REFERENCES– ALL REFERENCES MUST BE CITED IN TEXT

BIBLIOGRAPHY, USEFUL MATERIAL NOT CITED IN TEXT, IF ANY



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APPENDICES– BACKGROUND AND/OR SUPPORTING MATERIAL, IF ANY

GANTT CHART

TWL'( N)*o% A+fi+" Md Ro(+i,e- $a0e 1=

Documents

How to Drill an ERD Well