How to cope How to cope with with

sprawl ?sprawl ?

How to cope How to cope with with

sprawl ?sprawl ?

Mending the urban fabricMending the urban fabric

ParisParis

BarcelonaBarcelona

Alternatives of development patternsAlternatives of development patternsGrowth Growth managementmanagement

Residential Residential patternpattern

TransportatiTransportation on

Dominant vision: Dominant vision: Unlimited Unlimited low-density low-density growthgrowth

Market allocate housing Market allocate housing & jobs in accord with & jobs in accord with local zoning & building local zoning & building codescodes

Owner-occupied, Owner-occupied, single-family detached single-family detached homeshomes

Private automobilesPrivate automobiles

Alternative-1: Alternative-1: Limited-spread, Limited-spread, mixed-density mixed-density growthgrowth

Semi-permeable urban Semi-permeable urban growth boundarygrowth boundary

Clusters of high-density Clusters of high-density housing amid larger housing amid larger areas of low-density areas of low-density housinghousing

Transit use Transit use encouragedencouraged

Alternative-2: Alternative-2: New New communities & communities & greenbeltsgreenbelts

Growth boundaries for Growth boundaries for designated corridors, designated corridors, new towns, & metro areanew towns, & metro area

Similar to no.1 but with Similar to no.1 but with housing outside urban housing outside urban boundary clustered in boundary clustered in relatively high-density relatively high-density new communitiesnew communities

Emphasis on mass Emphasis on mass transittransit

Alternative-3: Alternative-3: Bounded high-Bounded high-density growthdensity growth

Strongly enforced growth Strongly enforced growth boundary & job location boundary & job location planning with housing & planning with housing & transit subsidizestransit subsidizes

Almost all growth Almost all growth occurs as densification occurs as densification of urban coreof urban core

Heavy reliance on Heavy reliance on mass transitmass transit

Alternative-1Alternative-1

limitation of limitation of growth growth

boundaryboundary

mixed-density mixed-density growthgrowth

Limited-spread, mixed-density growthLimited-spread, mixed-density growth

Alternative-2Alternative-2

new town /new town /new new communitiescommunities

greenbeltgreenbelt

growth growth corridorcorridor

New communities & greenbeltsNew communities & greenbelts

Alternative-3Alternative-3

strong strong enforcement of enforcement of growth boundarygrowth boundary

densification of densification of urban coreurban core high density high density growthgrowth

Bounded high-density growthBounded high-density growth

““Being anti-sprawl Being anti-sprawl is not being anti-is not being anti-

growth” growth” (Richard Moe)(Richard Moe)

citycity citycitycitycitycitycity

withinwithin

CitCityy• GrowthGrowth• ChangeChange

Urban Urban DevelopmentDevelopment

Growth:Growth: • Increasing number of inhabitantsIncreasing number of inhabitants• Increase of volume of activities, Increase of volume of activities, especially economic activitiesespecially economic activities

Growth Growth && Change Change

Change:Change: • Shift of way and pattern of Shift of way and pattern of activitiesactivities• Need of new facilities to Need of new facilities to accommodate accommodate new ways and patterns of new ways and patterns of activitiesactivities

NEW TOWNNEW TOWN

RECLAMATIONRECLAMATION

EXPANSIONEXPANSION

RENEWALRENEWAL

INFILLINFILL

REVITALIZATIONREVITALIZATION

NEW DEVELOPMENTNEW DEVELOPMENT REDEVELOPMENTREDEVELOPMENT

URBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN DEVELOPMENT

GROWTHGROWTH CHANGECHANGE - TOWN / CITY- TOWN / CITY- DISTRICT- DISTRICT- NEIGHBORHOOD- NEIGHBORHOOD- PRECINCT- PRECINCT

SUSTAINABLE & LIVABLE SPACESSUSTAINABLE & LIVABLE SPACES

City within CityCity within City• RenewalRenewal• ExpansionExpansion

City within City - RENEWALCity within City - RENEWAL

LotLot → → BlockBlock →→ SuperblockSuperblockBuildingsBuildings

City within City - RENEWALCity within City - RENEWAL

Single UseSingle Use →→ Multi UseMulti UseLand UseLand Use

CITYCITY

MIXED-USEMIXED-USE TYPE OF MIXTURETYPE OF MIXTURE

RESIDENTIALRESIDENTIALOFFICESOFFICES

SHOPPINGSHOPPING

RESIDENTIALRESIDENTIAL

OFFICESOFFICES

SHOPPINGSHOPPING

PUBLIC FACILITIESPUBLIC FACILITIES

OPEN SPACEOPEN SPACE

VERTICALVERTICAL

HORIZONTALHORIZONTAL

MIXED-USEMIXED-USE LEVEL OF LAND COVERAGELEVEL OF LAND COVERAGE

BUILDINGBUILDING LOTLOT(KAVELING)(KAVELING)

BLOCKBLOCK SUPERBLOCKSUPERBLOCK

Rockefeller Center, New York, 1932

Business, shopping, dining, arts21 buildings on 6 hectares of landHighest building: 70 stories (255 m)

Architects:Reinhard & Hofmeister; Corbett, Harrison & MacMurray;Hood & Fouilhoux

Rockefeller Center, New York

GROUND LEVEL UNDERGROUND LEVEL

Rockefeller Center, New York