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How to Conjugate… Spanish VerbsVerbs in the present tense.Los verbos en el tiempo presente.
First, let’s review the subject pronouns.
Person Singular Plural
1st Yo- I Nosotros- We
2nd Tú- You Vosotros- You all (Used only in Spain)
3rd Usted/él/ella- You, he, she
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas- Y’all, they
Note: Él and Ellos are masculine while Ella and Ellas are feminine.
Conjugate
0 Grammar: to inflect a verb in its forms for distinctions such as number, person, voice, mood, and tense.0 Otherwise known as: to change the verb
0 I run.0We are.0 You have.0 She walks.0They speak.
Examples of Conjugation:
The Infinitive
0The infinitive: the basic unconjugated form, the one that corresponds to the English “to do” (something). For example: to speak, to work, to sing, etc.0 Otherwise known as: the verb in its original form.
0The Spanish infinitive always ends in –r.Hablar salir comerconocerEscribir cantar correr
nadarAprender leer escucharbailar
The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb.
0The ending: The last two letters of the infinitive. The ending always consists of two letters.
Hablar- ar salir-ir comer-erconocer-er
Escribir- ir cantar-ar correr-ernadar-ar
aprender-er leer-er escuchar-arbailar-ar
The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb.
0The stem or root: Whatever is left after removing the ending from the infinitive. The stem can consist of a variable number of letters, depending on the length of the verb in question.
0The infinitive- the ending = the stem:Habl sal com conoc
escrib cantCorr nad aprend le
escuch bail
¡No te olvides! (Don’t forget)
0The infinitive: the basic, unconjugated, form of the verb. estudiar
0The ending: The last two letters of the infinitive. ar
0The stem: What is left after taking the ending from the infinitive. Estudi
Verb Conjugation
0To conjugate: to put a verb in its correct person and number so that we know who is doing the action.
When we conjugate any verb we always begin with its stem.
There are 3 types of verbs in Spanish.
Types of verbs
ARER
IR
-AR verbs are verbs that end in –ar. Hablar, nadar, escuchar
-ER verbs end in –er. Comer, correr, leer
-IR verbs end in –ir. Salir, vivir
Regular –AR VerbsThe following verbs are regular –ar verbs and are conjugated according to the pattern we are about to learn!
Hablar- to speak llegar- to arrive ayudar- to helpMirar- to look at bailar- to dance nadar- to swimBuscar- to look for necesitar- to need caminar- to walkComprar- to buy regresar- to return preparar- to prepareEscuchar- to listen trabajar- to work estudiar- to studyViajar- to travel tomar- to take or to drinkConversar- to converse
Let’s get started conjugating!
0To conjugate a regular AR verb, one must first remove the AR from the infinitive. This will leave you with the stem.
Use the infinitive hablar:hablar-ar= habl
Habl is your stem…
These endings correspond with your subject pronouns!
Person Singular Plural
1st Yo: -o Nosotros: -amos
2nd Tú: -as Vosotros: -áis
3rd Ud./él/ella: -a Uds./ellos/ellas: -an
With regular AR verbs you’ll replace the –ar ending with the corresponding endings above.
Hablar
0 I speak: Yo hablo.0You speak: Tú hablas.0He/She speaks: Él/ella habla.0We speak: Nosotros hablamos.0They speak: Ellos hablan.
Confused? Memorization is key to conjugating regular verbs in Spanish. Just follow the pattern. Once you have learned to conjugate one regular –ar verb, you can conjugate all regular –ar verbs!!!
Now you try…Nadar
Remember: Infinitive – ar = base
nad nad
nad nad
nad nad
Now you try…Nadar
Remember: Infinitive – ar = base
nado nadamos
nadas nadáis
nada nadan
Caminar
camino caminamos
caminas camináis
camina caminan
Trabajar
trabajo trabajamos
trabajas trabajáis
trabaja trabajan
Escuchar
escucho escuchamos
escuchas escucháis
escucha escuchan
Bailar
bailo bailamos
bailas bailáis
baila bailan
Good job!!
0Now that we’ve gone over our AR verbs, we have two more types of verbs. ER and IR.
0Don’t worry though… we still use the same pattern!
0 Infinitive – ending = base
0Now all you need are new endings… ER verbs are like AR verbs. The only difference is the “A” and the “E”.
Conjugating ER Verbs
Remember: everything stays the same except for the A and E.
Comer: to eatComer- er = com
Yo como.Nosotros comemos.
Tú comes.Vosotros coméis.
Ud./Él/Ella come.Uds./Ellos/Ellas comen.
Correr
corro corremos
corres corréis
corre corren
Aprender
aprendo aprendemos
aprendes aprendéis
aprende aprenden
We’re almost there!Conjugating IR verbs
0 IR verbs are sister verbs to the ER verbs. They share four of the same endings!
0Vivir: to liveVivir-ir = viv
Yo vivo. Nosotros vivimos.Tú vives. Vosotros vivís.Ud./Él/Ella vive. Uds./Ellos/Ellas viven.
Abrir
abro abrimos
abres abrís
abre abren
Escribir
escribo escribimos
escribes escribís
escribe escriben
Here are the regular verb endings…
Person Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1st -o -amos -o -emos -o -imos
2nd -as -áis -es -éis -es -ís
3rd -a -an -e -en -e -en
-AR -ER -IR
Write these down and keep them safe!! You will need to conjugate all the time!!