• How the war started in Europe• Why Japan conquered countries

in Asia and the Pacific region• How Japan defeated the British in

Singapore and Malaya

WWIWWI 8.5 million 8.5 million deaddead

Germany after WWIGermany after WWI Europe engulfed in warEurope engulfed in war

WWIIWWII 45 million 45 million deaddead

Defeat of the Central Powers by the Allies

Treaty of Versailles was signed by both parties Germany had to pay a

large sum of money to the Allies for damage caused in WWI

GERMANY AFTER WWI

Germany after WWI

Blamed for WWI Very small army and navy allowed War Reparations - paid large sums of money

for the damage they caused Lost its colonies and overseas possessions New German government faced many

problems Great hardship for Germans

RISE OF GERMANY

Adolf Hitler

Under these conditions arose a leader

Known for his courage and bravery

Formed the Nazi Party National Socialist German

Workers’ Party Planned to make Germany

rich and powerful again

RISE OF GERMANY

Hitler in WWI

Mussolini

While Hitler was building Germany, the same was happening in Italy

Established a dictatorship in Italy Fascist Party was the only Party Secret Police arrested opposition Use of propaganda Public programmes Ambitious plans for Italy

RISE OF ITALY

AustriaCzechoslovakiaPolandDenmarkNorwayHollandBelgiumFrance

HITLER & NAZI GERMANY

By 1940, Britain was the only By 1940, Britain was the only Allied country left in Europe to Allied country left in Europe to fight the Germansfight the Germans

Unable to conquer Britain, Hitler Unable to conquer Britain, Hitler turned to attack the Soviet turned to attack the Soviet UnionUnion

Soviet Union, Britain became Soviet Union, Britain became allies against the Axis Powersallies against the Axis Powers

By 1940, Britain was the only By 1940, Britain was the only Allied country left in Europe to Allied country left in Europe to fight the Germansfight the Germans

Unable to conquer Britain, Hitler Unable to conquer Britain, Hitler turned to attack the Soviet turned to attack the Soviet UnionUnion

Soviet Union, Britain became Soviet Union, Britain became allies against the Axis Powersallies against the Axis Powers

BRITAIN

Why Japan went to war

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

Sweeping into Southeast AsiaThe Battle for Malaya

Fall of the “Impregnable” Fortress

Reasons for the defeat of the British

THE WAR IN ASIA-PACIFIC

Rising AmbitionsRising Ambitions

1894 : Attacked China; lost Taiwan and Korea

1904 : Defeated Russia; shocked the West

WWI : Joined Allies 1931 : Great Depression As a result, Japan invaded Manchuria 1937 : Attacked China

WHY JAPAN WENT TO WAR

Rising AmbitionsRising Ambitions

War with China dragged on Countries like the US stopped selling

certain items like airplanes and oil products to Japan

Japan turned its attention to SEA Rich in tin, oil, timber and rubber War machinery Japan’s calculation

WHY JAPAN WENT TO WAR

Rising AmbitionsRising Ambitions

1941 - Invaded Indo-china for use as a base to launch its other invasions

US protested and when Japan did nothing, the world reacted strongly

More war materials such as iron, ammunition and oil were cut off from Japan

Note that US was not involved in the war at this time

WHY JAPAN WENT TO WAR

US wanted Japan to withdraw from Indo-china and China

Pacific Naval Fleet A display of US military might 7 Dec 1941 - Japanese attack

on Pearl Harbor Simultaneous invasion of

Malaya

PEARL HARBOR

PEARL HARBOR

PEARL HARBOR

USS Arizona burning

PEARL HARBOR

A fabulous website on Pearl Harbor.

Thailand Malaya Singapore Philippines Dutch East Indies

Borneo, Sumatra & other islands

British Burma

JAPAN IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

War in the air War in the sea

War on land

Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse

JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA

BRITISH BREWSTER F2A BUFFALO

Source : http://www.danford.net/straits.htm

"SQUADRONS of Brewster Buffaloes, 300 mile-an-hour American made planes which are proving to be first class fighters are among new R.A.F. reinforcements in Malaya. Malaya is the first country in the British Empire east of Suez equipped with these American fighters. They are capable of turning more quickly than any other fighter yet designed.

The Straits Times, c1941

BRITISH BREWSTER F2A BUFFALO

Tal Donaldson's portrait of BW-372 found in http://www.danford.net/372talma.htm

BRITISH BREWSTER F2A BUFFALO

Source : http://www.danford.net/prototyp.htm

JAPANESE ZERO FIGHTER

REPULSE AND THE PRINCE OF WALES

30 Nov 1941“X-day December 8. Proceed with plan.”

Lt-Gen Yamashita planned his campaign with the aid of crude school atlases, marking with pencilled crosses, the approximate positions of airfields.

“MATADOR” - Britain’s secret plan

JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA

1.Sinking of the PRINCE OF WALES/REPULSE2.Battle for North Malaya – Kedah, Penang

and Ipoh3.Battle for Central Malaya – Slim River4.Battle for Johore – Jemaluang, blowing up

of part of the Causeway5.Retreat to Singapore

DEFEAT OF BRITISH IN MALAYA

SINKING OF THE PRINCE OF WALES

KUANTAN

JEMALUANG

JOHOR BAHRU / 31 Jan 42

IPOH

KLKL

SLIM RIVER

PENANG

15-16 Dec 41

MUAR

GEMAS

KLUANG

MAJOR BATTLES

JITRA

8 Dec 1941

KOTA BAHRU

JAPANESE

INVASION OF

MALAYA

DEFEAT OF BRITISH IN MALAYA

AIR

British planes were old and outdated

SEA

The Prince of Wales and the Repulse were destroyed by the Japanese

EQUIPMENT

Japanese tanks were better than British tanks

TRAINING

British soldiers were wrongly trained in jungle warfare

PLANNING

The British left too much valuable supplies for the Japanese

WAR IN EUROPE

Britain was involved in the war in Europe. Japan

was not.

MOBILITY

The Japanese troops were more mobile - bicycles

DEFENCE

Lack of adequate defence preparartions

COMPLA-CENCY

The British looked down on the Japanese

DEFEAT OF BRITISH IN MALAYA

Two factors are incorrect – which ones are they?