Health and health care constitute a major economic force in most countries. Health-related goods and services constitute an estimated 10 percent of the global economy, around US$6.5 trillion. This "health economy" includes all stakeholders who are engaged in the production and consumption of health and health care – health services, products, financing, insurance, etc. Many people in low-and middle-income countries already depend on the private sector – from private providers, drug shops and clinics to hospitals, insurance providers, or managed care organizations – to meet their health needs. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is increasingly considered to be a critical component of sustainable development and poverty reduction, and is seen as essential in delivering better health and health system development. The scale of investment required to achieve global health goals and UHC calls for the public and private sectors to work together more e�ectively and collaboratively than ever before. The private sector has many skills and resources that are already contributing to and can be leveraged further to support the goal of achieving UHC. As the global community organizes around the new Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 3.8: “Achieve UHC, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services, and access to safe, e�ective, quality, and a�ordable essential medicines and vaccines for all”), governments, donors and other public sector actors have an opportunity to engage more strategically with the private sector to ensure responsible and sustainable sources of support for the achievement of UHC.1 The examples below illustrate a range of competencies that the private sector can contribute to the design and delivery of health services.

HOW THE PRIVATE SECTOR IS CONTRIBUTING TO UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: CASE STUDIES

MARKETING

INDUSTRY/COMPANY EXAMPLES

Health Marketing involves creating, communicating, and delivering health information and interventions using customer-centered and science-based strategies to protect and promote the health of diverse populations.12

Volkswagen Road Safety TV: Volkswagen Group China produces a series of a road safety television programs broadcast by 30 television stations across the country as well as on the internet.13

HIV/AIDS Program: This company-wide HIV/AIDS Program provides or arranges medical treatment for employees a�ected by HIV/AIDS, and o�ers education and prevention programs for employees, their families and communities.14

IFRC Partnership for Disaster Relief: After the earthquake in Haiti, Coca-Cola used its marketing assets to encourage public donations via Coca-Cola billboards in 25 markets across the US. More than 1 million liters of water and Coca-Cola beverages traveled by land, air and sea to reach those in urgent need.15

Lifebuoy Handwashing Campaign: Unilever organized a handwashing campaign during an important Hindu festival by distributing 2.5 million roti (Indian flatbread) imprinted with the message “Did you wash your hands with Lifebuoy today?” to 5 million people.16

Obesity Prevention Program: Partnering with top research and advocacy organizations, this program created subway advertising campaigns in Mexico City and increased media coverage about the negative e�ects of obesity and the growing obesity epidemic. To date, their e�orts have resulted in nearly 800 obesity prevention media stories.17

AUTOMOTIVEVolkswagen AG

ENERGY, UTILITIES, MINING, & MINERALSShell

FOOD & BEVERAGECoca-Cola

FOOD & BEVERAGEUnilever

MEDIA, ENTERTAINMENT & INFORMATIONBloomberg

Uganda SMS Diabetes Campaign: Merck KGaA worked together with Uganda’s Ministry of Health to launch a countrywide SMS (short message services) diabetes campaign to create awareness about diabetes and its risk factors. Under the campaign’s e�orts, health care providers and patients receive free messages on their phones advising them on how to prevent and manage the disease.18

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCAREMerck KGaA

Rural Development Responsible Sourcing: Nestlé identifies the needs of farmers and communities through assessments, and designs appropriate interventions. It also provides Nestlé suppliers (and their sub-suppliers) with a cost-e�ective, time-e�cient and secure online process to trace their ingredients back to all potential farm or plantation origins.3

Strengthen the Global Food Supply Chain: In 2013, Walmart Brazil worked with suppliers to develop a database of ranches that supply beef and rolled out supplier qualifications and continuous improvement plans. This work is being expanded to support all international markets that source beef from Brazil.5

Deliver Aids Drugs in Africa: Coca-Cola and Accenture help Tanzania’s public-health infrastructure develop the basics of supply-chain management by mapping out health facilities, using software to organize distribution, and implementing a new stock-management system.6

Pharmasafe Program: Pharmasafe is a specialized temperature-controlled service for the reliable transport of large quantities of pharmaceutical products, such as vaccines and insulin.7

INDUSTRY/COMPANY EXAMPLES

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Supply Chain Management includes sourcing, procurement, transport, warehousing and treatment of products. It also includes coordination and collaboration with partners (funders, suppliers, intermediaries, third‐party service providers, and customers).2

CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODSWalmart

FOOD & BEVERAGENestlé

Innovative Supply Chain Model: Merck for Mothers and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation partner with IntraHealth International and the Senegalese Ministry of Health and Social Action to scale up an innovative supply chain model of linking private suppliers-skilled in forecasting, ordering, and delivery of supplies-with health facilities to help maintain adequate stocks of a range of contraceptive options.4

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCAREMerck & Co., Inc.

FOOD & BEVERAGECoca-Cola

SUPPLY CHAIN & TRANSPORTTNT

INNOVATIVE FINANCING MECHANISMS

INDUSTRY/COMPANY EXAMPLES

Innovative Financing Mechanisms are mechanisms designed to raise funds in addition to conventional O�cial Development Assistance (ODA), but also mechanisms that improve the use of those funds.8

IFC’s Global Credit Bureau Program: Visa International contributes international best practices in credit reporting, corporate governance, and risk management in emerging markets through International Finance Corporation’s Global Credit Bureau Program to increase financial access to the poor.9

Helping Establish Private Health Insurance for Cancer in China: Roche has teamed up with ten local insurance companies in China, including the three largest, to help them develop additional policies that will cover cancer treatment and care. Seminars, client forums and cancer awareness campaigns run by Roche educate insurers and the wider population about how cancer can be treated.10

HealthPartners Cooperative Development Project: The project promotes health cooperative development, an innovative community based health insurance model for all, but focused on women of reproductive age in Uganda. This provides resources for capacity building and network development that empower local stakeholders to access care and improve their health in Uganda.11

BANKING & FINANCEVisa

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCARERoche

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCAREHealthPartners

Accident Research in China: In 2007 Volkswagen Group China joined forces with Tongji University to conduct accident research with focuses on road safety and driver behavior. The results are fed into the ongoing development of active safety systems.20

Smart Contact Lens: Google is making a smart contact lens that tracks glucose levels for diabetes patients and alerts them to any problems.21

Thought Leadership Research: PwC’s Health Research Institute (HRI) provides new intelligence, perspectives, and analysis on trends a�ecting all health related industries. Its report, “Healthcare delivery of the future: How digital technologies can bridge the gap of time and distance between clinicians and consumers,” identifies di�erent models of health service delivery, and gives recommendations for integrating digital technology into service provision.

R&D Open Lab in Africa: This is the world’s first R&D Open Lab to increase understanding of non-communicable diseases and support development of new medicines for Africa. The open lab directly supports the training and education of African scientific researchers who will participate in a portfolio of projects, building local expertise, and creating a new generation of African NCD experts.22

INDUSTRY/COMPANY EXAMPLES

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

Health R&D refers to the development of health technologies (medicines, diagnostics, medical devices, vaccines, etc.) for diseases that disproportionately a�ect developing countries and for which identified R&D gaps remain unaddressed due to market failures.19

AUTOMOTIVEVolkswagen AG

IT & COMMUNICATIONSGoogle

PROFESSIONAL SERVICESPwC

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCAREGSK

Arogya Parivar Initiative: A social enterprise addressing health challenges among India's rural poor. Locally recruited health educators are trained to increase awareness about diseases and preventative health, while health supervisors ensure medicines are available and accessible even in remote areas. From 2010 to 2013, outreach across 10 Indian states has brought health education to more than 10 million people and direct health benefits to 760,000 patients through diagnosis and treatment.30

Re-investing 20% Initiative: GSK re-invests 20% of its profits made in Least Developed Countries in the countries themselves. This program focuses on training frontline health workers to reduce child and maternal mortality and to address wider health needs.31

Clinical Information Systems Procurement Framework: NHS Shared Business Services has developed a clinical information systems procurement framework to help NHS trusts reduce the time and cost of procuring clinical data systems. The framework, which has a value of £1.25bn, has listed 26 suppliers including HP, CSC, Atos, Northgate Information Systems, CGI and Civica.32

INDUSTRY/COMPANY EXAMPLES

CAPACITY BUILDING

Develop information and data management systems; Support health care services delivery; Develop human resources practices; Develop financial management and accounting practices

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCARENovartis

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCAREGSK

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCARENHS

Changing Diabetes® in Pregnancy: Through this program, Novo Nordisk developed a policy tool (methodology) to assess the economic and pandemic impact of di�erent screening and treatment options for gestational diabetes, which are being used worldwide in consultation with local partners to support policy making and programme planning.24

INDUSTRY/COMPANY EXAMPLES

POLICY & GOVERNANCE

Health related-policy and policy agenda setting processes, implementation and accountability within the health sector.23

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCARENovo Nordisk

Mobile Health Solution: Vodafone’s Mobile Health Solutions enables doctors to treat patients remotely and improves the quality of life for people with chronic diseases, enabling them to monitor and manage their conditions at home.26

INDUSTRY/COMPANY EXAMPLES

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT

Improve health outcomes by enhancing the training, skills, and performance of public health workers.25

IT & COMMUNICATIONSVodafone

Frontline Health Workforce Strengthening: Johnson & Johnson funds programs that train healthcare workers such as nurses, mid-wives, pharmacists, and community health workers.27 That includes Survive and Thrive, a global development alliance that connects global health leaders and specialists from the US with their counterparts in targeted low- and middle-income countries to strengthen information and practice key skills to improve the delivery of maternal, newborn and child health services.28

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCAREJohnson & Johnson

Healthy Heart Africa: AstraZeneca created the Healthy Heart Africa programme to tackle hypertension in Africa. Among 3 pillars of activities – prevention and disease awareness raising activities, training & guidelines for healthcare workers, access & a�ordability through supply chain strengthening – Healthy Heart Africa enhances the training and skills of community and healthcare workers by delivering comprehensive training packages and simplifying treatment guidelines in collaboration with professional societies and the Kenyan Ministry of Health.29

GLOBAL HEALTH & HEALTHCAREAstraZeneca

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.

20.21.22.

23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.

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Retrieved from: http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/25/coke-applies-supply-chain-expertise-to-deliver-aids-drugs-in-africa.html TNT. (2012, January 30). TNT Express launches PharmaSafe, the all-in-one transport solution for temperature sensitive pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from: http://www.tnt.com/express/en_us/data/news/tnt_express_launchespharmasafetheall-in-onetransportsolutionfort.html Le Gargasson, J. B., & Salomé, B. (2010). The role of innovative financing mechanisms for health. World Health Report, Background Paper, 12.International Finance Corporation. (2006). IFC and Visa International - Reducing Poverty Together Retrieved from: http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/389030004660b34caa8befc173ed7557/IFC_and_Visa.pdf?MOD=AJPERESRoche. (2015). Helping establish private health insurance for cancer in China. Retrieved from: http://www.roche.com/sustainability/for_patients/access_to_healthcare/making_innovation_accessible/ath_health_insurance.htmHealth Partners. (2015). Partnerships. Retrieved from: https://www.healthpartners.com/public/about/uganda/partnerships/Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). What is Health Marketing? Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/whatishm.html Volkswagenag. (2012). CSR Projects Worldwide. Retrieved from: http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2012/04/projects.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/CSR-Projekte_weltweit_2011_en.pdfShell. (2015). HIV and AIDs. Retrieved from: http://www.shell.com/global/environment-society/society/hiv-and-aids.html Coca-Cola. (2011). The Coca-Cola Company and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Launch Global Partnership. Retrieved from: http://www.coca-cola.com.sg/news/localnews.asp?NeID=342 Cheeseman, G. (2013, October 17). Unilever's Lifebuoy Soap Aims To Expand Handwashing Program. Retrieved from: http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/10/unilevers-lifebuoy-soap-aims-expand-handwashing-program/ Bloomberg Philanthropies. (2015). SUPPORTING STRONG POLICIES TO HALT RISING RATES OF OBESITY. Retrieved from: http://www.bloomberg.org/program/public-health/obesity-prevention/ East African Business Week. (2014). Merck joins Uganda diabetes e�ort. Retrieved from : http://www.busiweek.com/index1.php?Ctp=2&pI=776&pLv=3&srI=68&spI=107&cI=10 World Health Organization. (2015). Health R&D Demonstration Projects. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/phi/implementation/phi_cewg_meeting/en/Volkswagenag. (2012). CSR Projects Worldwide. Retrieved from: http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2012/04/projects.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/CSR-Projekte_weltweit_2011_en.pdfHULLINGER, J. (2014, January 17). Google Is Making A Smart Contact Lens. Retrieved from: http://www.fastcompany.com/3025085/fast-feed/google-is-making-a-smart-contact-lensGSK. (2014, March 31). GSK announces new strategic investments in Africa to increase access to medicines, build capacity and deliver sustainable growth. Retrieved from: http://us.gsk.com/en-us/media/press-releases/2014/gsk-announc-es-new-strategic-investments-in-africa-to-increase-access-to-medicines-build-capacity-and-deliver-sustainable-growth/Global Health Europe. (2015). Health Governance and Governance for Health. Retrieved from: http://www.globalhealtheurope.org/index.php/glossary-71/institution/470-health-governance-and-governance-for-health-Novo Nordisk. (2015). Changing Diabetes® in Pregnancy. Retrieved from: http://video.novonordisk.com/video/9009465/changing-diabetes-in-pregnancyPHF. (2015). Workforce Development. Retrieved from: http://www.phf.org/focusareas/workforcedevelopment/pages/default.aspxVodafone. (2014). Health. Retrieved from: http://www.vodafone.com/content/sustainabilityreport/2014/index/transformationalsolutions/health.htmlJohnson & Johnson. (2015). Strengthening the Health Care Workforce. Retrieved from: http://www.jnj.com/our-giving/frontline-health-workforce Survive & Thrive. (2013). Program Details. Retrieved from: http://surviveandthrivegda.org/program-details.htmlAstraZeneca. (2014, October 28). AstraZeneca launches Healthy Heart Africa programme to address hypertension in Africa. Retrieved from: http://www.astrazeneca.com/Media/Press-releases/Article/20141028--astrazeneca-launches-healthy-heart-africa-programmeCenter for Health Market Innovations. (2015). Arogya Parivar. Retrieved from: http://healthmarketinnovations.org/program/arogya-parivarGSK. (2015). Investing in Least Developed Countries. Retrieved from: http://www.gsk.com/en-gb/responsibility/health-for-all/investing-in-least-developed-countries/CSC. (2015, February 20). NHS NAMES CSC AMONGST SUPPLIERS FOR £1.25BN IT FRAMEWORK. Retrieved from: http://www.csc.com/uk/press_releases/118769-nhs_names_csc_amongst_suppliers_for_1_25bn_it_framework