How Technology Changed the Face of the WarReadings: Smith, et al., 891-902

WHY GLOBAL WAR IN 1914?• Break of Multi-

national Empires• Intense Nationalism• Social Darwinism• Yellow Journalism

• Arms Race and Rise of Armaments Industry

New Weapons

New Weapons (continued)

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand• Serbian nationalism is

a big problem then and now

• Who Fought?• England, France,

Belgium (neutral but attacked), Russia, Serbia, Italy, Rumania, U.S., Japan, China, and Brazil

• Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire

Battlefronts

Western front and Trenches

Lusitania

How World War I ends:• All European powers

worn down—millions of casualties, millions of mutilated men

• British blockage leads to famine conditions in Germany and Austria-Hungary

• Germans believed they had to resume u-boat attacks

US Enters the War:• Germans feel they have to

renew unrestricted submarine warfare to end British blockade or morale will be totally ruined

• Zimmerman Telegram and U.S. – Mexico Relations

• April 1917, Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war.

• Ludendoff Offensive in March 1918

• Germans defeated 11 of November 1918

Casualties of World War I• Great Britain: 947, 000 dead; 2,122,000

wounded• France: 1,385,000 dead; 3,044,000

wounded• Russia: 1,700,000 dead; 4,950,000

wounded• Italy: 460,000 dead; 947,000 wounded• US: 115,000 dead; 206,000 wounded• Germany: 1,808,000 dead; 4,247,000

wounded• Austrio-Hungarian Empire: 1,200,000 dead;

3,620,000 wounded• Ottoman Empire: 325,000 dead; 400,000

wounded