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How Science Affects People’s LivesEconomic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness
and Globalization Information Technology
Integrated Circuits – Computers
9/9/09
9/9/09
How Science Affects People’s LivesEconomic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness
and Globalization Information Technology
Integrated Circuits -- Computers The Internet The World Wide Web Wireless Communication GPS
9/9/09
9/9/09
9/9/09
How Science Affects People’s LivesEconomic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness
and Globalization Information Technology
Integrated Circuits -- Computers The Internet The World Wide Web Wireless Communication GPS
Photonics Lasers
9/9/09
9/9/09
9/9/09
How Science Affects People’s LivesEconomic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness
and Globalization Information Technology
Integrated Circuits -- Computers The Internet The World Wide Web Wireless Communication GPS
Photonics Lasers Light Emitting Diodes Plasmas
Materials Carbon Fibers Plastics and Resins
9/9/09
How Science Affects People’s Lives
Energy and the EnvironmentEnergy
Capacity to do work (W=F·s) Units
• Distance, s (m)• Force: Mass x Acceleration, F=ma: Newton (kg·m/s2)• Work or Energy
Joule = kg·m2/s2
Calorie (Amt of heat needed to raise 1 g water 1 deg C)1 Cal = 4.184 J
BTU (Amt of heat needed to raise 1 lb water 1 deg F)1 BTU = 1054 J
1 kWh = 3.6x106 J 1 Quad = 1015 BTU
9/9/09
Energy trends and technologies in the coming decadesSteven E. Koonin
Chief Scientist, BP plc
Aspen Center for Physics Energy Forum
July 10, 2006
“Physicist’s view” = first-principles, quantitative, analytic, descriptive
9/9/09
Technology
Demand Growth
Security of Supply
Environmental Constraints
Supply Challenges
key drivers of the energy future
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
GDP per capita (PPP, $1995)
Primary Energy per capita (GJ)
Source: UN and DOE EIA
Energy use grows with economic development
US
Australia
Russia
BrazilChina
India
S. Korea
Mexico
Ireland
Greece
FranceUK Japan
Malaysia
energy demand and GDP per capita (1980-2002)
9/9/09
energy demand – growth projections
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2004
Notes: 1. OECD refers to North America, W. Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia and NZ 2. Transition Economies refers to FSU and Eastern European nations 3. Developing Countries is all other nations including China, India etc.
Global Energy Demand Growth by Region (1971-2030)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
1971 2002 2010 2020 2030
OECD Transition Economies Developing Countries
Ene
rgy
Dem
and
(Mto
e)
Global energy demand is set to grow by over 60% over the next 30 years – 74% of the growth is anticipated to be from non-OECD countries
US energy supply since 1850
Source: EIA
current and historical global energy mix
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
37.3%
23.9%
26.5%
6.1%6.1%
Oil Natural GasCoal NuclearHydro
Source: BP Statistical Review
Current global energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels – oil has been the largest component of the energy mix for many decades; gas has grown strongly since the 1970’s; coal has been growing in the last four years; hydro is constant and nuclear has plateaued
Source: BP Data
significant hydrocarbon resource potential
South America
North America
Oil Gas Coal
Oil Gas CoalReso
urc
e P
ote
nti
al (b
nb
oe)
Africa
Oil Gas Coal
Reso
urc
e P
ote
nti
al (b
nb
oe)
Reso
urc
e P
ote
nti
al (b
nb
oe) FSU
Oil Gas Coal
Reso
urc
e P
ote
nti
al (b
nb
oe)
GasEurope
Reso
urc
e P
ote
nti
al (b
nb
oe)
Oil Gas Coal
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Middle East
Oil Gas Coal
Reso
urc
e P
ote
nti
al (b
nb
oe)
AsiaPacific
Oil Gas CoalReso
urc
e P
ote
nti
al (b
nb
oe)
Key:
- unconventional oil
- conventional oil - gas
- coal
Oil, Gas and Coal Resources by Region (bnboe)
Some energy technologies
Primary Energy Sources:
•Light Crude•Heavy Oil•Tar Sands•Wet gas•CBM•Tight gas•Nuclear•Coal•Solar•Wind•Biomass•Hydro•Geothermal
Extraction & Conversion Technologies:
•Exploration•Deeper water•Arctic•LNG•Refining•Differentiated fuels•Advantaged chemicals•Gasification•Syngas conversion•Power generation• Photovoltaics•Bio-enzyimatics•H2 production & distribution•CO2 capture & storage
End Use Technologies:
•ICEs•Adv. Batteries•Hybridisation•Fuel cells•Hydrogen storage•Gas turbines•Building efficiency•Urban infrastructure•Systems design• Other efficiency technologies•Appliances•Retail technologies
9/9/09
Assignment for 09/16/09
The last slide contains a list of primary energy sources, extraction and conversion technologies and end use technologies. A new book on energy is about to be published, which covers all of these subjects.
As an assistant editor you have been tasked to help write the blurb for the book jacket. Your job is to provide the editor with approximately 300 words on each of two subtopics that appear in the lists. The editor will select two of them to highlight for the book jacket. You may select any two subtopics: you may choose all of them from one category, or you may mix them.
9/9/09
