How much more energy did WI residents use in 2005 compared to what we used in 1970?

Jail Kitchen Hood System Fond du Lac

55% more

Center for Land Use Education, 2008

How much money did WI spend on energy in 2009?

$18.6 billion

WI Office of Energy Independence, 2010

Wisconsin Energy Sources, 2009

LOCAL

WI Office of Energy Independence, 2010

County of Fond du Lac Potential Energy Efficiency

Upgrades with Cost AnalysesAlysa Bradley

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CURRENT USAGE BY SELECTED COUNTY BUILDINGS

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County Buildings/Properties – Annual Usage and Cost

Property Electricity (kWh) Natural Gas (Therm) Water (gal) Total Annual Cost

for Property

Government Building 3,952,333 191,757 12,392,864 $591,094.00

Harbor Haven Healthcare Center 1,941,000 97,942 5,289,108 $290,057.93

County Highway Properties 362,196 59,533 6,025,753 $104,815.16

Fairgrounds 531,900 18,184 637,111 $86,305.12

Rolling Meadows Golf Course 247,605 8,378 349,214 $41,928.20

Portland Street Annex 188,320 3,662 190,989 $27,394.74

County Annex (Morgue) 135,813 11,626 159,823 $27,386.24

Galow Home 15,796 1,488 125,415 $4,863.04

Shelter Care 15,844 1,492 89,012 $4,699.51

Vehicle Storage Building 5,992 2,527 2,493 $4,282.59

Elm Street House 9,991 983 16,705 $2,843.96

Parking Lot Lighting 21,578 $1,383.82

Manis Building 432 $150.24

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Breakdown of Highway Properties – Annual Usage and Cost

Property Electricity (kWh) Natural Gas (Therm) Water (gal) Total Annual Cost

Fond du Lac Garage 277,525 42,629 477,972 $71,965.45

Brandon Garage 41,951 7,052 34,833 $14,683.72

Mt Calvary Garage 28,384 7,281 40,333 $12,813.94

Campbellsport Garage 9,625 2,570 14,800 $4,839.05

Traffic Lights (at Hickory and Pioneer) 4,712 $513.00

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County Buildings – Normalized by Square Footage

Property Property Total Square Footage

Electric Usage (kWh/ft²)

Gas Usage (Therm/ft²)

Water Usage (Gallon/ft²)

Total Cost ($/ft²)

County Annex (Morgue) 11,354 11.96 1.024 0.019 $2.41

Rolling Meadows Golf Course 22,238 11.13 0.377 0.021 $1.89

Harbor Haven Healthcare Center 160,000 12.13 0.612 0.044 $1.81

City-County Admin Building 333,175 11.84 0.575 0.050 $1.77

Shelter Care 3,048 5.20 0.490 0.039 $1.54

Galow Home 3,530 4.47 0.421 0.047 $1.38

Portland Street Annex 20,115 9.36 0.182 0.013 $1.36

Vehicle Storage Building 3,780 1.59 0.668 0.001 $1.13

Elm Street House 2.970 3.36 0.331 0.008 $0.96

Fairgrounds 105,366 5.05 0.173 0.008 $0.82

County Highway Properties 138,440 2.62 0.430 0.058 $0.76

Manis Building 1,000 0.43 $0.15

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Highway Buildings – Normalized by Square Footage

Property Property Total Square Footage

Electric Usage (kWh/ft²)

Gas Usage (Therm/ft²)

Water Usage (Gallon/ft²)

Total Cost ($/ft²)

Campbellsport Garage 5,000 1.93 0.514 0.0040 $0.97

Brandon Garage 16,000 2.62 0.441 0.0029 $0.92

Mt Calvary Garage 14,400 1.97 0.506 0.0037 $0.89

Fond du Lac Garage 103,040 2.69 0.414 0.0062 $0.70

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From this, we can determine some of the County’s biggest energy users by various factors and look for ways to scale back usage, improve efficiency, and implement renewable technologies.

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NO COST ACTIONS

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Employee Awareness and Behavior Modifications

• Lighting• Computers• Office Equipment• Personal Devices and

Other Appliances• The Thermostat Image courtesy of Wisconsin Environmental Education Board

http://www.uwsp.edu/cnr/weeb/

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Employee Awareness: Lighting

• The average price per kWh in County facilities is roughly $0.115

• A single lighting fixture uses 32 – 96 watts every hour it is switched on.

• From my observations in County buildings:

Type of Room Average wattage Rough Cost per Year

Office 255 $66

Bathroom 125 $20-$115

Hallway 422 $122

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Employee Awareness: Computers• Laptops use around

50 watts per hour, PCs use between 80 and 140 watts per hour.

• Group Policies – computers go into “sleep” mode after 1 hour, monitors after 15 minutes

• Sleep still uses about 5 watts per hour

• Unplug for best results.

Current Average Usage

Current Average Cost Potential Savings

Single PC 306 kWh $24 84 kWh - $6.5

Laptop 157 kWh $12 54 kWh - $4

County-wide 153,800 kWh $11,800 44,400 kWh - $3,400

Yearly Usage and Cost Estimates

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Employee Awareness: Office Equipment

• Employees don’t usually think to unplug or power down these devices.

• Power strips can be a good option and are already widely used in County facilities.

Yearly Usage and Cost Estimates

24/7 ‘Standby’

Work Day ‘Standby’

Shut Off Savings (per Device)

Fax machine 220 kWh 50kWh $19.50

Printer 350 kWh 80 kWh $31

Copier/Scanner 45 kWh 10 kWh $4

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Employee Awareness: Personal Devices and Other Appliances

• Break room equipment: Fridge - 1500 kWh/year, Coffee pot - 150 kWh/year, Microwave - 120 kWh/year

• Personal devices – my laptop uses 30 watts per hour and my phone charger uses 5 watts per hour.

Annual KWh Annual Cost

Fridge 1500 $173

Coffee Pot 150 $17

Microwave 120 $14

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Employee Awareness: The Thermostat

• Focus on Energy Estimates that setting the thermostat 1°F lower in winter can save up to 1% of a building’s heating bill.

• In summer every degree above 75°F can save 1-3% of a building’s cooling costs.

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What Can I Do as an Employee?• Shut off unused lights• Use less artificial light - dual

switching if it is an option or natural light if there is a window.

• Request an occupancy sensor or more energy efficient light bulbs for desk lamps.

• Use energy - saving computer settings.

• Shut down your computer when you leave (over lunch, during meetings, in the evening).

• Shut off your own office equipment (printers, fax machines, etc.) and shared equipment when not in use.

• Consolidate other equipment – share coffee pots, microwaves, refrigerators, etc. between departments.

• Dress for the weather and set the thermostat a little lower in winter and a little higher in summer.

• Give feedback, help and encourage your peers to reduce their energy consumption.

• All actions can be copied at home for personal energy savings as well!

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Example: Jail Kitchen Hood

Quantity of outside air,

CFM

Operational Hours per

Week

Average Outdoor Air Conditions Average Indoor Air Conditions

Annual Hours of

Operation

Energy to Condition

Outside Air, BTUs/yr

Energy in units Cost per UnitAnnual Cost to

Condition Outside Air

Continuously, $Average

Temperature, oF

Outdoor Average

Enthalpy, BTU/#m

Indoor Design Temperature,

oF

Indoor Design

Humidity, % RH

Indoor Enthalpy, BTU/#m

Therms kWh Therms kWh

Winter: 1800 77 31.9 72 2002 195,080,886 1,951 $0.79 $1,532

Summer: 1800 77 73.5 34.98 75 50 28.1 2002 111,567,456 32,699 $0.08 $2,505

Total annual cost: $4,037

Current Usage and Cost for the Jail Kitchen Hood (11 hours ‘on’ per day)

Possible Savings for the Jail Kitchen Hood (reduction of 6 hours ‘on’ per day)

Winter: 1800 42 31.9 72 1092 106,407,756 1,064 $0.79 $836 Summer: 1800 42 73.5 34.98 75 50 28.1 1092 60,854,976 17,836 $0.08 $1,366

Potential Savings: $2,202

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De-lamping• Sandy at Portland Street

Annex has already requested this action.

• Savings per year:

• This can be done with nearly any 2, 3 or 4 lamp fixture for an average savings of about $7.75 per fixture per year.

• Good option for over-lit offices, hallways, etc. without a double switch option.

Lamps Removed

kWh reduced

Savings

12 1152 $110.50

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LOW COST ACTIONS

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Switch to Lower Wattage Lamps• Replace any existing Incandescent bulbs with CFL bulbs – longer life and lower

energy costs.

• Replace any existing T12 lamps with T8 lamps (Electric payback of 900 – 1000 hours).

• Use low wattage T8 lamps and appropriate ballasts – 28 or 25 watt lamps with programmed start ballasts will save the most energy in the long-term.

Incandescent Cost Lifetime CFL equivalent Cost Lifetime Payback

60 watt $0.42 1,000 hours 15 watt $2.39 8,000 hours 400 hours

75 watt $0.42 750 hours 20 watt $2.70 8,000 hours 380 hours

100 watt $0.42 750 hours 26 watt $2.93 8,000 hours 310 hours

150 watt $0.87 1,000 hours 42 watt $11.10 12,000 hours 860 hours

Lamp CostLifetime w/Instant Start Ballast

Lifetime w/Programmed Start Ballast

Annual Cost for 2-Lamp Fixture with Instant Ballast

Annual Cost for 2-Lamp Fixture with Programmed Ballast

32 watt T8 $1.94 30,000 hours 36,000 hours $17.84 $16.69

28 watt T8 $2.99 36,000 hours 42,000 hours $15.91 $15.01

25 watt T8 $2.72 40,000 hours 46,000 hours $14.32 $13.62

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Installation of the Vending Miser• Mitch Showers at

UW Fond du Lac has already successfully implemented several of these.

Initial Cost Current Usage Usage w/Vending Miser

Yearly Savings Payback

$160 - $190 2900 kWh 1750 kWh $132.25 1.2 – 1.4 years

1900 kWh 1140 kWh $87.40 1.8 – 2.2 years

• Appropriate locations throughout the County include but are not limited to:– Government Building– Safety Building– Healthcare Center– Fairgrounds

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Installation of Occupancy Sensors• Cost for a wall mounted occupancy sensor is about $65 • Cost for a ceiling mounted occupancy sensor is about $123 • Example for a given bathroom:

• Focus on Energy gives a conservative estimate of 15%. Depending on application, the EPA suggests 30 – 90 % for bathrooms.

• Focus on Energy also offers prescriptive incentives of $7.50 per wall mounted sensor and $15 per ceiling mount occupancy sensor installed.

Hours on/week kWh/year Electricity

CostYearly Electric Savings

Payback (Wall Mount with Incentive)

Payback (Ceiling Mount with Incentive)

Current 60 375 $43.13With sensor (15% estimate) 51 319 $36.66 $6.47 8.8 years 16.5 years

With sensor(30% estimate) 42 263 $30.25 $12.88 4.5 years 8 years

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LED Retrofits for Wall Mounts, Outdoor Canned Light Fixtures and Parking Lot Lighting

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HIGHER COST ACTIONS

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HVAC Suggestions from Focus on Energy• Switch from Pneumatic to Direct Digital

Controls where applicable• Use Variable Frequency Drives for motors on

pumps• Install ECM motors (Electronically

Commutating Motors) on evaporator fans• Install a Heat Recovery System for Water

Heaters in the Government Building

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RENEWABLE PROJECTS

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Solar Electric

Minimum Estimated (Focus)

From SolRE (Madison)

From Venture (Waukesha)

Maximum Estimated (Focus)

$4750/kW $5750/kW $6000/kW $9500/kW

Estimated production 1200 kWh/kW 1200 kWh/kW 1200 kWh/kW 1200 kWh/kW

Price/kWh $.115 $.115 $.115 $.115

Payback period 34 years 42 years 43.5 years 69 years

With max aid from Focus (30%) 24 years 29 years 30.5 years 48 years

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Solar Water Heating• $300,000-350,000

estimated total install cost.

• Estimated annual production is 458,933,049 Btu, which is 4,590 Therms.

• Annual savings - $3,605• Payback without aid is 83

to 97 years, with max aid is 58 to 68 years.

Photo courtesy of Next Generation Energy’s Photo Galleryhttp://www.ngeus.com/Gallery.aspx

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FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

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Efficiency• Keep buildings well

insulated• Make energy efficient

replacements at failure of equipment

Appliances• Energy Star rating for new

equipment purchases such as office equipment, ice machine and laundry in Healthcare Center, etc.

Renewable Technologies• Wind spire turbines (Rough

estimate - $15,000 for one spire, produces about 2000 kWh per year, 68 year simple payback)

Other• Double sided printers

(automatic eco settings)• Can, bottle and paper recycling

in buildings and at events.• Encourage carpooling, taking

public transportation, walking or biking to work.