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How Memory Works & How to Apply it Towards Your StudiesThe Russell Conwell Learning Center
What’s The Difference? Learning- a lasting change caused by
experience.
Memory- the faculty for recalling past events and past memory.
Types of Memory Short-term Memory- holds information
to be analyzed Attention < 30 seconds
Long-term Memory- generally permanent information storage Rehearsal permanent
.
Short-Term Memory Encoding – get information into
memory (requires attention). Automatic processing
Encoding with little conscious effort Effortful processing
with rehearsal, this information can be moved into the Long-term memory.
Entering Long-Term Memory Spacing Effect – encoding material
through rehearsal over a long period of time.
Using the Spacing Effect You have a test in 3 Weeks:
The course is Monday, Wednesday, & Friday
After classes, study the material taught in class for an hour every night
Other examples?
8-8-8 Method (Time Management)
8 – School 8 – You 8 – Sleep
Experiment 3 separate groups
Group 1 What words have the letter “E” in them.
Group 2 What words are pleasant?
Group 3 Remember as many words you can
Rough Clumsy Tame Valley Polite Jungle Tender Smooth Clean Tart Graceful
Experimental Results Thomas Hyde and James Jenkins (1969)
Those asked to remember the meaning of the words were more likely to remember more of them
those who were asked to remember only the words with the letter “E” were passively learning and thus did not obtain nearly as much information This is not the complete study
Entering Long-Term Memory “The more meaningful a personal event,
the more readily it is encoded and later remembered.” Semantic Coding – cognitive
representation of info based on the meaning of the info.
Examples?
Entering Long-Term Memory Deep learning strategies:
Relate the information to something that reminds you of you!
Relate your information to prior knowledge
Application Examples Visual images Explain the information to a friend
In Short:
CLOSE YOUR NOTE BOOKS!
Remembering Ordered Info. Mnemonic Devices – enhance
meaningfulness of information Examples?
E-G-B-D-F ROYGBIV
Method of Loci http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uupd8X9DZE Examples?
Entering Long-Term Memory Chunking- grouping information
Examples? Tu ID #
9 -1-2-8-9-4-4-6-3 vs. 912-894-463 Color coding
Helpful TipsMultitasking DOES NOT work!!!
This includes: Listening to music Watching TV Texting Facebook
Retrieval: Recall Who was the first President of the
United States? George Washington
Examples? Essay Questions
Retrieval: State-dependent Memory Coffee Sleepy Angry Happy
Retrieval: Recognition Report if they have seen a particular
item before
Multiple Choice Questions
Retrieval: Priming Flounder Swordfish Dolphin Starfish
O _ t _ p _ s E_ e_ _ a _ t
Octopus Elephant
Memory Consolidation Initial rapid Slower permanent
Examples? Playing piano Painting
Consolidation Dr. Waxler:
Long-term memory storage is similar to that of a Dry erase board. With practice and rehearsal, information will be chiseled into the dry erase and the information will remain for a longer period of time.
Questions?
?
Resources Comer, R. & Gould, E. (2011).
Psychology Around Us. Hoboken, NJ.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RH95h36NChI
