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Learning Targets I can explain what a cell is and describe
some basic functions of cells
I can identify chemicals that are important for life and explain how living things use these chemicals
I can list and describe the basic life activities
Cells Basic unit of life (alive)
Can carry out many functions or jobs
Unicellular or multicellular
Can be different shapes and sizes
There are about 200 different types of cells in the human body!
Microscopes Needed to see cells
Magnifies the object you are looking at
Electron microscope uses beams of tiny particles rather than light
Organelles Tiny structures inside of cells
Seen only under a microscope
Perform special functions in the cell
Tissues Groups of cells that are similar and act
together to do a certain job
For example: Muscle cells join together to make muscle tissues
Muscle tissues work together to make the body move
Organs Different kinds of tissues join together to
form an organ
Main working parts of plants and animals
Organs carry out specific jobs
Did you Know?Humans can survive up to
several weeks without food. However, they can survive only a few days without water.
Importance of Water What is the chemical formula? __________
Life cannot exist without water
Water has the ability to dissolve other chemicals
When water mixes with other chemicals (dissolve) it becomes a solution
Carbohydrates Sugars and starches
Many fruits and vegetables contain sugar
Starches can be found in foods like bread, cereal, pasta, rice and potatoes
Provide energy for plants and animals
Energy Energy is needed to carry on life
activities
Energy comes from fuel
Carbohydrates are fuel
When carbohydrates are broken down in the animal or plant, energy is released
Fats Can also be thought of as fuel
Fats store large amounts of energy that are released when they are broken down
Fats contain the most energy
Found in foods like beef, butter, cheese, and peanut butter
Proteins Like carbohydrates and fats, proteins
provide energy for living things
They help repair damaged cells and build new ones
Proteins also help control body activities such as heart rate and breaking food down
Nutrients Your body also needs minerals and
vitamins
The body needs these in small amounts only
The body needs a balance of nutrients, carbohydrates, fats and proteins
7 Basic Life Activities Getting Food Using Food and Removing Wastes Movement Sensing and Responding Growth Development Reproduction
Getting Food Animals get food by eating plants or
other animals
Plants make their own food
Plants also use the energy from sunlight to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
Using Food and Removing Wastes Digestion is a life activity that breaks down
food into chemicals that cells can use
Respiration is when cells release the energy that is stored in the chemicals. Oxygen is used to release the stored energy (cells use the energy to do work)
Excretion is the process that removes wastes
Movement There is constant movement in living
things The insides of plants and animals are
always changing Liquids are flowing, food is being
digested, and materials are moving in and out of cells (solutions)
All plants and animals move
Sensing and Responding Tissues and organs can sense signals
from their surroundings (light, sound, touch, and chemicals)
Plants and animals then respond based on the signals they receive
Examples: Moths flying around a light, fish swimming to the top for food, a dog responding to its owners voice, flowers open to the sun’s light
Growth Growth is part of being alive
All living things experience growth
Many species go through patterns of growth that are similar to each other
Development Development means changing over time
Tadpoles hatch from eggs and develop in stages into frogs. Tadpoles are born with tails and no legs Tadpoles have no mouth at birth As they develop, a mouth and legs form
and the tail is absorbed into the body
Reproduction Living things produce offspring through
reproduction Some living things can reproduce by
themselves (unicellular) Bacteria reproduce by dividing into two
Other living things need two parents to reproduce (multicellular)
All offspring will resemble their parent(s)