How it went down…

Sino- Soviet Relations

Background Treaty of Versailles, Shandong, given to

Japan. Student protest against “spineless” Chinese government.

U.S weak on self-determination and anti-imperialism – Chinese intellectuals start considering M/L to solve issues.

Post Qing dynasty warlords ruled – KMT leader Sun Yat-sen ignored by west, turned to soviets.

1922 – CPC – 200 members, KMT 50,000Soviet policy of duel support1927 Shanghai Massacre – CPC-KMT split.

Civil War 1927-19491929 Manchurian Chinese Eastern railway – armed

conflict with S.UCPC growing popularity – Mao collabs with peasant

rebelsLong March – Zhang Guotao’s failure – Mao

undisputed leaderSecond Sino-Japanese war – KMT more concerned

with CPC – CPC guerrilla tactics against Japs wins more support

Soviets give CPC Japanese weapons – U.S keeps Manchuria from communists, helps KMT

Outbreak – Chiang and KMT retreat to Taiwan. PRC established

Early relationships1937 non aggression pact – help against Japanese,

enabled Stalin to focus on westManchuriaTreaty of friendship and alliance (1950) – 300 million

low-interest loan. Stress on relationshipKorean War – Stalin, Mao debate – Mao takes ground,

Stalin air – changed relationship from titular to virtualAfter Civil War, Soviets become PRC closest ally –

design, equipment and skilled labour to help industrialize and modernize.

1960’s Sino-soviet border conflict – increasingly PRC began to consider S.U as social imperialist and its greatest threat.

StalinAs you have read in your text book Stalin

andMao did not see eye to eye on a lot of things.Ideological differences were not the only reasons what were they? Peasants as a basis for revolutionFeared Mao as com leaderDid not want CW to spread to AsiaPreferred KMT

SeedsIn fighting civil war and Japanese – Mao

ignored a lot of Stalin’s military advice and direction

Because of it’s position there was no urban working class. Why is this a problem?

Dawn out of China - “to change Marxism from a European to an Asiatic form... in ways of which neither Marx nor Lenin could dream”. – Due to struggle in Korea alliance continued despite.

Mao’s insistence of mobilization through peasant workers – lead to Great Leap Forward

Honeymoon period and KhrushchevAfter Stalin’s death there was a period

of reconciliation.Khrushchev put an end to that by criti-cising Stalin and therefore Mao.Soviet failure to ‘contain reactionary forces’ ?Restoration of relationship with Josip Broz Tito

(Stalin had denounced in 48)De-emphasising of the core M/L idea of

inevitable war between capitalism and socialism Peaceful co-existence – ideological heresySoviet succession by ‘revisionists’

Activity time Split into pairs and answer the review

exercise on page 120 of your text books.

And then it got Humpty Dumpty…Sino – Indian war, Khrushchev too

appeasing to the west.Soviets engaged in superpower

confrontations (Berlin)Mao critical of Khrushchev in Cuba –

detectable weapons , backing down. “Khrushchev has moved from adventurism to capitulation”

Mao’s approach would provoke nuclear war1964 –Mao claims counter-revolution

activity in USSR has re-established capitalism. Split final.

Warsaw countries follow Soviet suit.After Khrushchev’s death, relations initially

same.

Cold War contextEarly Cold-War interpretation had a two

way ideological competition exclusively between the U.S and USSR. Chinese competition with the USSR and subsequent communist-rivalry transformed the Cold-War into a “tripolar geopolitical contest”.

Goodwill Commy bastards