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How Important is urban land use planning? . Brianna Beckford 3 rd period. Concept 22-4. Urban land-use planning can help to reduce uncontrolled sprawl and slow the resulting degradation of air, water, land, biodiversity, and other natural resources. Conventional Land-Use P lanning. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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How Important is urban land use
planning? BRIANNA BECKFORD
3RD PERIOD
Concept 22-4Urban land-use planning can help to reduce uncontrolled sprawl and slow the resulting degradation of air, water, land, biodiversity, and other natural resources
Conventional Land-Use Planning
Most urban and some rural areas use some form of land-use planning to determine the best present and future use of each parcel of land
Land-use planning encourages future population growth and economic development but leads to uncontrolled/poorly controlled urban growth
ZoningZoning: parcels of land are designated for certain usesCan be used to control growth and protect areas from
certain types of developmentUsed in some countries to encourage high-density
development along major mass transit corridors to reduce automobile use and air pollution
Examples:1. Portland, Oregon2. Curitiba, Brazil
Disadvantages of ZoningDevelopers often modify zoning decisions in ways
that can threaten or destroy wetlands, prime cropland, forested areas, and open space
Zoning often favors high-priced housing, factories, hotels, and other businesses over protecting environmentally sensitive areas and low-cost housing
Overly strict zoning discourages innovative approaches to solving urban problems
Smart GrowthOne way to encourage more environmentally
sustainable developmentUses zoning laws and other tools to channel growth
into areas where it will cause less harmReduces the dependence on carsProtects ecologically sensitive and important lands
and waterwaysCuts wasteful resource use
Figure 22-16
Greenest cities in the United States1. Portland, Oregon2. San Francisco, California3. Boston, Massachusetts4. Oakland, California5. Eugene, Oregon6. Cambridge, Massachusetts7. Berkeley, California8. Chicago, Illinois9. Austin, Texas10. Minneapolis, Minnesota
Portland, OregonSince 1975, Portland’s air pollution has decreased by 86% and
population has grown by about 50%, but its urban area has increased by only 2%
The city built a light-rail and bus system that carries 45% of all commuters to downtown jobs
By reducing traffic, Portland was able to convert an expressway and huge parking lot into a waterfront park
Portland has also developed a network of bike lanes and walkwaysEmployers are encouraged to give their employees bus passes instead
of providing parking spaces
ChinaTaken the strongest stand of any country against urban sprawlThe government has designated 80% of the country’s arable land as
fundamental landBuilding on fundamental land requires approval from local and
provincial governments and from the State CouncilIf you violate the rules the penalty is death
EuropeImposed high gasoline taxes to discourage car useEncourage people to live closer to workplaces and shopsHigh taxes on heating fuel to encourage people to live in apartments
and small housesTax revenue earned from gasoline and heating fuel are used to make
transit systems within and between cities
Preserving and Using Open Space
Urban growth boundary: draw an urban growth line around each community and prevent urban development outside the boundariesUsed by:
1. Oregon2. Washington (exception of Seattle)3. Tennessee
Preserving blocks of open space with parks Greenbelt: an open area reserved for recreation, sustainable forestry,
and other nondestructive activities Provides ecological services such as absorption of CO2 and other
air pollutants
Urban ParksNew York City:Central Park
San Francisco, California:Golden Gate Park
Chicago, Illinois:Grant Park