How GIS can be used in Census Mapping in the context of integrating Statistical Data into the National Information Infrastructure for Development Andre

How GIS can be used in Census Mapping in the context of integrating Statistical Data

into the National Information Infrastructure for Development

Andre NonguiermaUnited Nations Economic Commission for Africa

ICT and Sciences & Technology for Development DivisionGeoinformation Systems Section (GiSS)

Workshop on Census Mapping & Management

Lusaka, 8 – 10 October 2007

http://http://geoinfo.uneca.orggeoinfo.uneca.org

2222www.uneca.owww.uneca.orgrg

[email protected]@uneca.org

Outlines

Spatially-enabled StatisticsIssues in AfricaGeospatial Technologies insightData we can get and WhereTools we can we useCapacity BuildingCoordination : SDIChallengesWay Forward




Why spatially-enabled statistics?

Arguing that 80% of all human decisions involve a “where?” question :

Location affects nearly everything we do in life: we choose where to build homes, where to eat, where the nearest hospital is in case of emergency, etc…

Whatever we do, whatever happens, happens somewhere ….




Why Spatially-enabled statistics?

Because we … Need to visualize complex social, economic and

environmental indicators in their spatial relationships

Need to provide various “what if” planning scenarios results in quantitative measures that allow developers, planners, and community groups to feel greater comfort with the ultimate design decision.




Why Spatially-enabled statistics?

Because if Information are the sum of our interpretation of data … We cannot provide relevant information for

decision-making without :• Fundamental datasets • (as well as the) Interrelationships between these

datasets, • (the) Management of them, • (and the means of) Accessing and Distributing

those data




Typical “Where” Questions in Africa…

In Africa, the major source for statistical data is the National Statistics Offices, which conduct regular censuses, economic and household surveys. Others data are collected and maintained by specialized technical agencies, such as geological services, environmental protection authorities, national mapping agencies, etc.




Typical “Where” Questions in Africa..

Nexus issues in sustainable development and achieving millennium development goals require that all data sets be integrated. The nature of the issues further requires that they be presented in their spatial context




Typical SpatialData Requirement

Lands : Agriculture and food securityLand cover, soil types, topography, hydrography, rainfall, demographics, infrastructure, Suitability maps, yield statistics, etc

HealthHospitals locations, settlements and demographics, disease vectors, environmental factors distribution, infrastructure, etc.

EducationSchools locations, demographics, infrastructure & utilities, etc.

HousingDemographics, infrastructure & utilities, topography, building materials, etc.

Water SupplyHydrography, aquifers & ground water, topography, etc.

Mining & MineralsLand cover, soil chemistry, topography, rock formations and physical properties, etc.

Infrastructure Development Demographics and settlements, socio-

economic establishments, topography, hydrography, soil types, etc

Where are...

d1

d2

d3

d4

d5d6

d7

../..

2000

d14

d15

d16

d17

d13

d18

Large volume of data-12.106 pixels *18 dekads-12.106 set.

How to Synthesize ?How to Analyse ?




Typical technical requirement: Produce Once, Use Many Times

Geoinformation content requires special field and lab operations to define the location against which data are collected Operations: Surveying and mapping, photogrammetry,

remote sensing, geodesy, etc Location entities: reference frames, point coordinates, land

parcels and administrative units Different applications need to cross reference data with

one another They refer to the same database entities

No single agency can satisfy its geographic data needs on its own Data collected for one purpose or project can be used for

other purposes and projects




Typical skill requirement

Academic Regional Bodies National Bodies

Awarded Degrees

University Cape

Town

Professionals CRASTE RECTAS RCMRD

CRTS SAC

Short training RECTAS RCMRD AGRHYMET

CRTS SAC

Hands-On training

ECA AGRHYMET RCMRD

CRTS CSE NMA

Where can we get experienced people…




Typical answers to “Where” questions…

What we have... High

Duplication Potential

Low resources sharing

Lack of coordination

80% common content in spatial data used by three ministries in this avian flu scenario




Challenges Imagine if various specialists could concentrate on …

Socio-economic planning Ground water management Health and sanitation issues Land management Whatever else you do

Without worrying about “Where” they are Imagine further that all the data you have are used

to their maximum potential Contribute to overall economic development Increase your visibility and prestige




Justifying Geo-Spatial Data Infrastructures

It is possible … If potential sources of information are known to

everybody – clearinghouse and metadata management

And easily accessible And even more so if integrated into the structure

of society

Like an infrastructureTherefore, you have to participate in building the infrastructure




What? Spatial Data Infrastructure

The basis for spatial data discovery, evaluation, and application for users and providers within all levels of government, the commercial sector, the non-profit sector, academia and by citizens in general.

Put in place policies, resources and structures to make available Geospatial information technologies easily accessible to decision makers and the community … When they need it Where they need it In a form they can use it (almost) immediately Help them make sense of it




Building Fundamental Datasets

Data we can getData we can get

Raw Data Satellite Images Locations coordinates

Processed Data

Land Cover / Land Use Maps Production

Analysed Data

Dynamics and Seasonality Trends





Where can we find Data?Where can we find Data?

Free Commercial

Global Data(Country Level)

NOAA (www.noaa.gov) MSG (www.eumetsat.int) Modis (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov) Meris (www.esa.int)

Regional Data (County Level)

Landsat SALB (www.salb.org)

SPOT-XS (www.spotimage.fr) ASAR (www.esa.int) Radarsat (www.csa.ca)

Local Data (City Level)

Locations (www.puco.de) SOPT-5 (www.spotimage.fr)Ikonos (www.speceimaging.com)QuickBird (www.digitalglobe.com)Orbview (www.orbimage.com)





Tools to process DataTools to process DataCommercial FOSS (www.gnu.org)

RS Erdas Imagine (www.leica-geosystems.com) Kilimanjaro (www.idrisi.edu)e-Cognition (www.definiens-imaging.com) ER Mapper (www.ermapper.com)

ILWIS (www.itc.nl) BEST (http://envisat.esa.int/best)

GIS ESRI Suite (www.esri.com) MapInfo Awhere (www.mudsprings.com)

Arc Explorer Grass WindowMap

GPS Leica Suite (www.leica-geosystems.com) Trimble (www.trimble.com)Cartalinx (www.idrisi.edu)

G7TOWin (www.g7towin.com) WayPoint+ (www.tapr.com)




Building Just in Time (JIT) Maps

In the digital environment, maps are produced as and when needed

just in time for the decision to be made

With most current data from databases that are continuously updated




Building Capacity Human Resources …

Wide range of skill covered But… Extreme mobility of Geospatial technology

professionals

Photogrammetry 14% 130

Geodesy 10% 92

Cadastral 42% 388

GIS 21% 199

Remote Sensing 11% 104

Database 2% 21

Total 100% 934

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Photogrammetry

Geodesy

Cadastral

GIS

Remote Sensing

Database




Building Capacity Training and Workshops …

Critical mass of awareness of GIS. More people understand not only the power, but also the value of integrating

GIS data into the workflows of their organizations.

Short Training 55% 51

Workshops 38% 37

Degree 7% 14




Building Coordination

Subsidiarity …Mutually accepted standards …Common base themes of dataInteroperability and StandardsUsing e-technology to help find and share dataData Access Policy

Getting there without getting lost

Your Role in developing SDIWhat can you do?




Data access and Sharing To use data produced by another person/agency, potential

users need to know: That the data resource exists How the data was produced When it was produced or last updated Why it was produced How to access the data Any constraints, restrictions or special conditions for access and/or use

Only possible if every data producers describes every data product in a standard, field-based format This standard description is called metadata data about data Potential users consult metadata to determine suitability of

data for intended use, and access procedure




Criterion CatMDEdit

IMEGeo

NetworkArcCatalog

GPTMetaD M3Cat Enraemed

Ionic RedSpider

Profile Creation ? ? ? ?

Schema Validation ? ? ? Language Support (EN, FR, AB, PR, ES) 4 4 3 1 1 ? Extensible 2Supported Standards

DC, ISO19115

ISO19115 ISO19115CSDGM,

ISO19115 ? ? ISO19115, CSDGM, DC

CSDGM, ISO19115

Entity/element extensibility ? ? ? ?

Cross-platform ? ? File-based or database-driven F F D F ? ? D ?

Standalone v. bundled ?

IIS required

FOSS v. $ Registration key ?

Thesauri, code lists, and defaults ? ? ?

Metadata tools




“ “ Standardization was a process for recognizing and codifying the status quo of Standardization was a process for recognizing and codifying the status quo of technology. Standardization is now beginning to define the requirements and technology. Standardization is now beginning to define the requirements and implementation of new technology.”implementation of new technology.” ((Olaf Østensen, Chairman of ISO/TC 211)

1. Adoption / Adaptation

2. Development

3. Implementation 4. Deployment

Information

Technology

Standards

Spatial Data Standards

Spatial Data

Spatial Data

DefineDescribeProcess

DefineDescribeProcess

Software InterfacesIndustry : E.g. OGC

Spatial Data StandardData producers & users : E.g. ISO

All levels of Government IndustryProfessional organizations UN agencies

Interoperability and Standard




GIS Standards Infrastructure

StandardsOrganization

Standards Scope

User / Industry Organizations

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)

Government US Government agencies

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

National US Federal, state, county, city agencies, public, and industry

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

Regional Digital Geographic Information Working Group (DGIWG)

Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE)

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific (PCGIAP)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)Open GIS Consortium (OGC)

International International Cartographic Assoc. (ICA)International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) , etc.




Paradigm Shift We need to move….

From… Statistic as standalone data collection

To… Knowledge generation, sharing and utilisation

Organize data so that information (spatially- enabled) can be produced as and when needed Just in time data on demand

Empower users to do as much as possible by themselves




Typical Way Forward : GeoVisualisations

Web-based mapping tools…. MDG Mapper http://geoinfo.un

eca.org/mdg/

TopographicTopographicImagesImages

PoliticalPolitical

PhysicalPhysicalReliefRelief

Geo-demographicsGeo-demographics




Typical Way Forward : Positioning technologies

AFREF Project …. Common geodetic framework for Africa A unified geodetic reference frame for Africa to be the fundamental basis

for the national and regional three-dimensional reference networks fully consistent and homogeneous with International Reference Frame

A network of Continuous Operation GNSS Reference Stations (CORS) spread all over Africa

You have to build your data based on this National geodetic networks…

http://geoinfo.uneca.org/afref/




Typical Vision … Your vision must be

Knowledge generation, sharing and dissemination Ensure that statistic spatially-

enabled data permeates every aspect of society and that they are available to people who need them, when they need them, and in a form that they can use to make decisions with minimal pre-processing

Ensure that generated information is put to the maximum possible uses by publicising their existence and making them easily available to the widest possible audience




Contacting Us

ICT, Science & Technology for Development Division Aida Opoku-Mensah, Officer in charge [email protected]

Geoinformation Systems Section (GiSS) Dozie Ezigbalike, Chief of section [email protected] Andre Nonguierma, GIS Officer [email protected] Paul Belanger, GIS Officer [email protected]

http://geoinfo.uneca.org/sdiafrica/

Documents

How GIS can be used in Census Mapping in the context of integrating Statistical Data into the National Information Infrastructure for Development Andre