How Engineers Can Master Effective On-The-Job Communication Skills James E. Vincler & Nancy Horlick Vincler

How Engineers Can MasterHow Engineers Can MasterEffective On-The-JobEffective On-The-JobCommunication SkillsCommunication Skills

James E. Vincler & Nancy Horlick VinclerJames E. Vincler & Nancy Horlick Vincler

Engineering Your Presenting SuccessEngineering Your Presenting Success

• Chapter 18 : Planning Your PresentationChapter 18 : Planning Your Presentation

- oral presentation & technical lecture - oral presentation & technical lecture

- those are the natural part of an engineer’s job- those are the natural part of an engineer’s job

“ “ It takes three weeks to prepare a good impromptu It takes three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech. “ Mark Twain (1835~1910) speech. “ Mark Twain (1835~1910)

• Chapter 19 : Presenting – Front and CenterChapter 19 : Presenting – Front and Center

“ “ This is it. Your show time!”This is it. Your show time!”

Chapter 18. Planning Your PresentationChapter 18. Planning Your Presentation

• Control : The Key to Successful SpeakingControl : The Key to Successful Speaking

• The Persuasive Tools of a PresentationThe Persuasive Tools of a Presentation

• How to Organize Yourself and Your PresentationHow to Organize Yourself and Your Presentation

• Selecting Your Audiovisual EquipmentSelecting Your Audiovisual Equipment

• Your Script : The Foundation of Your PresentationYour Script : The Foundation of Your Presentation

• Developing and Controlling Easy-to-Use MaterialsDeveloping and Controlling Easy-to-Use Materials

1. Control: The Key to Successful Speaking1. Control: The Key to Successful Speaking

• 성공적인 성공적인 presentationpresentation 을 위하여 을 위하여 controlcontrol 해야 할 해야 할 5 5 요소요소

☞☞ yourselfyourself - a knowledgeable speaker- a knowledgeable speaker

☞☞ your materialyour material - clear materials that reinforce - clear materials that reinforce

your messageyour message

☞☞ your equipmentyour equipment – easy-to-use and effective equipment – easy-to-use and effective equipment

☞☞ your environmentyour environment – a conductive presentation environment – a conductive presentation environment

☞☞ your audienceyour audience – a responsive audience – a responsive audience

1. Control: The Key to Successful Speaking1. Control: The Key to Successful Speaking

• Good Presentation = well-controlled & well-written scriptGood Presentation = well-controlled & well-written script

“ “The script ( or The script ( or 강의록강의록 // 교안 교안 ) is the starting point !”) is the starting point !”

““An oral presentation is just a writing job taken into An oral presentation is just a writing job taken into

account another dimension.”account another dimension.”

• Enjoying Two-Way Communication !Enjoying Two-Way Communication !

““speaking is on-the-spot two-way communication”speaking is on-the-spot two-way communication”

“ “ 청중의 집중도청중의 집중도 , body language, , body language, 질문 등을 통해 효과적인 질문 등을 통해 효과적인 발표가 진행되고 있는지 현장에서 즉각적으로 알 수 있다발표가 진행되고 있는지 현장에서 즉각적으로 알 수 있다 .”.”

• Making the Whole Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts !Making the Whole Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts !

2. The Persuasive Tools of a Presentation2. The Persuasive Tools of a Presentation

☞☞ voicevoice with all its inflectionswith all its inflections

☞☞ gesturegesture with all their vervewith all their verve

☞☞ visual aidsvisual aids with all their emphasiswith all their emphasis

☞☞ handoutshandouts with all their detailswith all their details

가장 중요한 가장 중요한 ToolTool 은 “은 “ speaker” speaker” 즉 “즉 “ yourself”yourself”

““Knowing your subject” is the key to controlling yourself.Knowing your subject” is the key to controlling yourself.

““Knowing your subject” is your greatest confidence builder.Knowing your subject” is your greatest confidence builder.

3. How to Organize Yourself and 3. How to Organize Yourself and Your PresentationYour Presentation

• The first step of presentation is to “plan” your presentation.The first step of presentation is to “plan” your presentation.

▶ ▶ plan your script ( or plan your script ( or 교안교안 // 강의록강의록 ))

▶ ▶ plan your materialsplan your materials

▶ ▶ plan your equipmentplan your equipment

• Analyze your audience.Analyze your audience.

- How are you supposed to know what an audience wants?- How are you supposed to know what an audience wants?

Just “Ask” and “Give them some feedback” !!!Just “Ask” and “Give them some feedback” !!!

• Know your purpose.Know your purpose.

- Are you informing, persuading, or teaching?- Are you informing, persuading, or teaching?

4. Selecting Your Audiovisual Equipment4. Selecting Your Audiovisual Equipment

• The first rule is The first rule is “Keep it simple”“Keep it simple” ! !- Only board & chalk ? Seems to be O.K.!- Only board & chalk ? Seems to be O.K.!

- All high-tech multimedia equipment cannot be replaced - All high-tech multimedia equipment cannot be replaced by speaker, yourself.by speaker, yourself.

• Stand-up presentations are about Stand-up presentations are about ““human communication”human communication” ! !

- not about reading words on a screen or watching a movie.- not about reading words on a screen or watching a movie.

• To be believed, to be persuasive, To be believed, to be persuasive, we have to show we have to show up ! up !

4. Selecting Your Audiovisual Equipment4. Selecting Your Audiovisual Equipment

• As you consider your equipment,As you consider your equipment,

- should first ask yourself whether you need visuals at all ?- should first ask yourself whether you need visuals at all ?- if you do, keep to the simple formats- if you do, keep to the simple formats

like flipcharts, overheads, and handoutslike flipcharts, overheads, and handouts- “Think of multimedia last, not first.”- “Think of multimedia last, not first.”- “No eye contact” in the dark room = communication disaster- “No eye contact” in the dark room = communication disaster

• But what simple yet reliable equipment is available,But what simple yet reliable equipment is available,

- choose easy-to-use equipment that will fit your need- choose easy-to-use equipment that will fit your need

4. Selecting Your Audiovisual Equipment :4. Selecting Your Audiovisual Equipment :AV ChoicesAV Choices

• Overhead projector is simple but versatileOverhead projector is simple but versatile

• Slides can Enlighten or Keep Audience in the Dark !Slides can Enlighten or Keep Audience in the Dark !- short slide show can have a strong impact- short slide show can have a strong impact on an audience on an audience

- dark room is the place for “sleeping” so - dark room is the place for “sleeping” so “slide is risky”“slide is risky”

• Viewing Screens with Tilt Option Work BestViewing Screens with Tilt Option Work Best- keystone image vs. square image- keystone image vs. square image

- projector - projector 수평위치보다 수평위치보다 screen screen 위치가 높을수록 “위치가 높을수록 “ keystone keystone 효과”효과”• Boards, Flipcharts, and Posters Augment ProjectorsBoards, Flipcharts, and Posters Augment Projectors

• Microphones Vary to suit Your PurposeMicrophones Vary to suit Your Purpose- wireless handheld microphones are good for a large group- wireless handheld microphones are good for a large group

5. Your Script : 5. Your Script : The Foundation of Your PresentationThe Foundation of Your Presentation

(1)(1) An Easy Script StructureAn Easy Script Structure

(2)(2) Writing Your ScriptWriting Your Script

(3)(3) Deciding How to Present Deciding How to Present Your Script SmoothlyYour Script Smoothly

(4)(4) Reducing Your Script to a Reducing Your Script to a Handy Key-Point OutlineHandy Key-Point Outline


• An Easy Script StructureAn Easy Script Structure

- orientation ; introduce the main points to orient the audience- orientation ; introduce the main points to orient the audience

강의의 경우도 학기초 학습의욕 동기부여에 매우 중요강의의 경우도 학기초 학습의욕 동기부여에 매우 중요 !!

- body ; explain all your points in the same order you - body ; explain all your points in the same order you

introduce themintroduce them

- close ; summarize your key points, answering for your- close ; summarize your key points, answering for your

listeners any leftover “So what?” questions that listeners any leftover “So what?” questions that

are probably in their mindsare probably in their minds


• Writing Your ScriptWriting Your Script

- The entire time that you are writing your script, keep imaging - The entire time that you are writing your script, keep imaging yourself saying every word that you are writeyourself saying every word that you are write

- strong script → strong presentation- strong script → strong presentation strong lecture note → strong lecturestrong lecture note → strong lecture

☞ ☞ 그러나 타인의 훌륭한 강의록이 자신의 강의를 성공으로 보장해 줄 수는 없다그러나 타인의 훌륭한 강의록이 자신의 강의를 성공으로 보장해 줄 수는 없다 !!

☞ ☞ 수년간 강의하여 익숙한 내용도 반드시 수년간 강의하여 익숙한 내용도 반드시 강의 전에강의 전에 reviewing simulationreviewing simulation 필요필요- - 어떤 예시를 들어 어떻게 명쾌하게 설명할 것인가어떤 예시를 들어 어떻게 명쾌하게 설명할 것인가 ??- - 이해를 돕기 위하여 어떤 예제를 준비할 것인가이해를 돕기 위하여 어떤 예제를 준비할 것인가 ??- - 어느 대목에서 어떤 농담으로 학습분위기를 북돋울 것인가어느 대목에서 어떤 농담으로 학습분위기를 북돋울 것인가 ??- - 강의록 외의 보조자료로 무엇을 준비하여 어떻게 활용할 것인가강의록 외의 보조자료로 무엇을 준비하여 어떻게 활용할 것인가 ??


• Deciding How to Present Your Script SmoothlyDeciding How to Present Your Script Smoothly

► ► memorize your paper ?memorize your paper ?

► ► read your paper ? (read your paper ? ( 청중을 모독하는 행위청중을 모독하는 행위 ))

► ► speak extemporaneously ?speak extemporaneously ? ≠ ≠ spoken without any preparationspoken without any preparation = spoken with some preparation but not written= spoken with some preparation but not written out or memorizedout or memorized


• Reducing Your Script to a Handy Key-Point OutlineReducing Your Script to a Handy Key-Point Outline

- Recite your presentation out loud to the mirror.- Recite your presentation out loud to the mirror. Practice enunciating!Practice enunciating! - After you’re comfortable with your script, make a copy, and - After you’re comfortable with your script, make a copy, and reduce the copy to an outline of key pointsreduce the copy to an outline of key points.. - Just using your outline as a prompt, give your speech to the - Just using your outline as a prompt, give your speech to the mirror again.mirror again.

☞ ☞ You will use this key-point outline, along with your visuals, to give an You will use this key-point outline, along with your visuals, to give an extemporaneous presentation. extemporaneous presentation.

☞ ☞ GOOD PRESENTATION = GOOD PRESENTATION = random-access memory random-access memory with the key-point outlinewith the key-point outline ≠ ≠ read-only memoryread-only memory

6. Developing and Controlling 6. Developing and Controlling Easy-to-Use MaterialsEasy-to-Use Materials

• The visuals & handouts The visuals & handouts should not be the primary should not be the primary focus of your presentation. focus of your presentation.

“ “ Your talk is the primary Your talk is the primary focus !”focus !”

• The best visuals : Visible, The best visuals : Visible, Simple, and ControllableSimple, and Controllable


• Visible visuals : light blue is eye-friendlyVisible visuals : light blue is eye-friendly - use a - use a 24- to 30-point Helvetica font24- to 30-point Helvetica font or equivalent. or equivalent.

it’s simple and easy to read.it’s simple and easy to read.

- - light-blue-backgroundlight-blue-background slides are frequently recommended slides are frequently recommended

• Simple visuals : Simple visuals : The One-Six-Six TrickThe One-Six-Six Trick - One idea per visual- One idea per visual

- No more than six words per line- No more than six words per line

- No more than six lines per visual- No more than six lines per visual


• Horizontal Visual vs. Vertical VisualHorizontal Visual vs. Vertical Visual - - landscape orientation vs. portrait orientationlandscape orientation vs. portrait orientation

- horizontal (or landscape) orientation may help you to limit the- horizontal (or landscape) orientation may help you to limit the

number of linesnumber of lines

• Break down the complex ideas hierarchically on Break down the complex ideas hierarchically on several visualsseveral visuals

- overall idea → specific major component- overall idea → specific major component

- top down approach- top down approach

6. Developing and Controlling 6. Developing and Controlling Easy-to-Use Materials (Examples)Easy-to-Use Materials (Examples)

• Fuel TypesFuel Types

- solid fuels- solid fuels

- liquid fuels- liquid fuels

- gaseous fuelsgaseous fuels

• Gaseous FuelsGaseous Fuels

- coke-oven gas- coke-oven gas

- - blast-furnace gasblast-furnace gas

- water gas- water gas

- enriched water gas- enriched water gas

- producer gas- producer gas

6. Developing and Controlling 6. Developing and Controlling Easy-to-Use Materials (Examples)Easy-to-Use Materials (Examples)

• Blast-Furnace GasBlast-Furnace Gas

- Discharged from blast Discharged from blast furnacesfurnaces

- 55% nitrogen55% nitrogen- 20% carbon monoxide20% carbon monoxide

• Blast-Furnace Gas was your Blast-Furnace Gas was your point !point !

• You break down the You break down the complex ideas complex ideas hierarchically.hierarchically.

• This is top down approach.This is top down approach.

• Start from the overall idea Start from the overall idea and guide your audience to and guide your audience to the specific majorthe specific major

component.component.

6. Developing and Controlling 6. Developing and Controlling Easy-to-Use Materials Easy-to-Use Materials

• When to hand out the handout?When to hand out the handout? ☞ ☞ types of materials to distribute :types of materials to distribute :

- note-taking materials such as course outlines or workbooks- note-taking materials such as course outlines or workbooks - supplementary materials such as graphs, charts, or copies of - supplementary materials such as graphs, charts, or copies of your visualsyour visuals ☞ ☞ The supplementary materials are divided into :The supplementary materials are divided into : - handouts needed during the presentation- handouts needed during the presentation - handouts needed after the presentation- handouts needed after the presentation

• The best policy is to hand out materials as they are The best policy is to hand out materials as they are needed !needed !


• By controlling your materials, you can control your By controlling your materials, you can control your audience!audience!

• Your simple but well-controlled equipment and your Your simple but well-controlled equipment and your well-organized materials are “value-added” well-organized materials are “value-added” peripherals that help you sell your ideas to your peripherals that help you sell your ideas to your audience.audience.

““You are the center of the presentation!”You are the center of the presentation!”

Chapter 19. Presenting :Chapter 19. Presenting : Front and Center Front and Center

• What Sets You Up for a Good ShowWhat Sets You Up for a Good Show

• The Wrap-Up to a Well-Packaged TalkThe Wrap-Up to a Well-Packaged Talk

• Enjoying the Question-and-AnswerEnjoying the Question-and-Answer

Chapter 19. Presenting : Front and CenterChapter 19. Presenting : Front and CenterWhat Sets you Up for a Good Show ?What Sets you Up for a Good Show ?

• You’ve already prepared the set.You’ve already prepared the set.- lecture note & digital file, handouts, notebook computer, - lecture note & digital file, handouts, notebook computer,

multimedia classroom, etc.multimedia classroom, etc.

• Giving yourself the energy edge.Giving yourself the energy edge. - - 아침식사 거르지 말고아침식사 거르지 말고 , , 과음은 훌륭한 강의를 망친다는 것을 잊지 맙시다과음은 훌륭한 강의를 망친다는 것을 잊지 맙시다 !!

• Dressing for credibility.Dressing for credibility. - power dressing? - power dressing? - a black suit with a red tie can make magic ?- a black suit with a red tie can make magic ?

- looking good will gain you a measure of respect !- looking good will gain you a measure of respect !- Avoid vest suits in the presentation. Psychologically, the - Avoid vest suits in the presentation. Psychologically, the

formal vest puts a barrier between you and the audience.formal vest puts a barrier between you and the audience.


• Rechecking the room and equipment.Rechecking the room and equipment.- With your key-point outline or brief notes already up front with- With your key-point outline or brief notes already up front with

your other materials.your other materials.

• Preparing to start and building rapport.Preparing to start and building rapport. - - 발표발표 // 수업 시작 전 청중수업 시작 전 청중 // 학생과 학생과 가벼운 대화를 주고 받음으로써 우호적이고 가벼운 대화를 주고 받음으로써 우호적이고 친근한 분위기를 조성할 수친근한 분위기를 조성할 수 있다 있다 ..

• Engineering your audience control.Engineering your audience control. - speaker- speaker 가 청중에게 준 첫인상으로부터 가 청중에게 준 첫인상으로부터 audience controlaudience control 은 시작됨은 시작됨 . . - Dealing with people (or audience) is always nebulous!- Dealing with people (or audience) is always nebulous!

- “You can keep experimenting until you find out which solutions work- “You can keep experimenting until you find out which solutions work most consistently over the long run !!!”most consistently over the long run !!!”


• Engineering your Engineering your audience control. audience control.

- Eye–contact & Establish - Eye–contact & Establish two-way communication.two-way communication.

- Do not-absolutely do not-- Do not-absolutely do not-talk down to your audience!talk down to your audience!


• What Audiences Complain About Most OftenWhat Audiences Complain About Most Often

☞☞ speakers who aren’t preparedspeakers who aren’t prepared

☞ ☞ speakers who read their scripts speakers who read their scripts

→ → use key-point outline on stageuse key-point outline on stage

☞☞ big hype ; little or no substancebig hype ; little or no substance

☞☞ speakers who mumble → please enunciatespeakers who mumble → please enunciate

☞☞ speakers who don’t take control speakers who don’t take control

→ → self-confidence & preparationself-confidence & preparation

☞☞ participants who hog attention participants who hog attention

→ → disperse attention fairlydisperse attention fairly

Chapter 19. Presenting : Front and CenterChapter 19. Presenting : Front and CenterThe Wrap-Up to a Well-Packaged TalkThe Wrap-Up to a Well-Packaged Talk

• Example : Presenting a Technical Proposal to Example : Presenting a Technical Proposal to Your Top ManagementYour Top Management

- in opening remarks- in opening remarkspresent your justification, three options, and recommendation for upgrading present your justification, three options, and recommendation for upgrading your company’s computer systemyour company’s computer system

- in the body- in the bodyexplain why your company needs the upgrade, and you compared three explain why your company needs the upgrade, and you compared three computer systemscomputer systems

- in the wrap-up- in the wrap-upsummarize your justification,summarize your justification,highlight the main thing your three-product comparison revealed,highlight the main thing your three-product comparison revealed,recommend the most cost-effective system upgrade stressing the business recommend the most cost-effective system upgrade stressing the business benefitsbenefits

““Stay within your time limit.”Stay within your time limit.”

Chapter 19. Presenting : Front and CenterChapter 19. Presenting : Front and CenterEnjoying the Question-and-Answer PeriodEnjoying the Question-and-Answer Period

• Enjoy the spotlight. But stay alert!Enjoy the spotlight. But stay alert!

- - 질문을 경청질문을 경청 . . 청중 전체가 질문 내용을 잘 듣지 못한 경우 질문 청중 전체가 질문 내용을 잘 듣지 못한 경우 질문 내용을 확인하면서 청중에게 질문 내용을 명확히 전달한다내용을 확인하면서 청중에게 질문 내용을 명확히 전달한다 ..

- - 여러 개의 질문을 한꺼번에 받는 경우여러 개의 질문을 한꺼번에 받는 경우 , , 각 질문의 각 질문의 key wordkey word 를 를 기억하여 이들 순서에 따라 답변한다기억하여 이들 순서에 따라 답변한다 ..

- - 질문에 답변하기 전 질문 내용을 명확히 이해해야 한다질문에 답변하기 전 질문 내용을 명확히 이해해야 한다 ..

• 학기말 강의평가 결과 학기말 강의평가 결과 ReviewReview

- Enjoy the praise! - Enjoy the praise!

- Look for constructive criticism.- Look for constructive criticism.

응용공기역학 강의 진행 사진응용공기역학 강의 진행 사진



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How Engineers Can Master Effective On-The-Job Communication Skills James E. Vincler & Nancy Horlick Vincler