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RECALL : LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Cells – the basic unit of life

Tissues – clusters of cells performing a similar function

Organs – made of tissues that perform one specific function

Organ Systems – groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body

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IN-TAKE AND EXCRETORY ORGAN SYSTEMS

In-take Remove waste

Digestive system Digestive systemCirculatory system Circulatory

system

Respiratory system Respiratory system

Excretory system

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The Digestive System

The Digestive SystemPurpose: convert food so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Major Organs and their Functions:

Mouth – to grind up food

-- saliva begins chemical breakdown

Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach

Stomach – secretes strong acid (pH = 2) that leads to breakdown of food

Chyme – broken down food

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Pancreas – produces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels

-- also help neutralize stomach acid

Liver – produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods

Gallbladder – pouch-like organ that stores bile for future use

Small Intestine – the chyme enters the small intestine and is absorbed into the bloodstream

villi- folds in the intestine

Large Intestine – removes water from the chyme and gets the waste ready for excretion

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Image of the Circulatory System

The Circulatory SystemPurpose: deliver oxygenated blood to cells and organ systems in your body

Major Organs and Their Functions

Heart

-- pumps blood through four chambers (two ventricles and two atria)

-- pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, to get oxygenated, return and be pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body

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Arteries – carry blood away from the heart

Veins – carry blood back to the heart

Capillaries – small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs

Blood – the cells that flow through the circulatory system

Hemoglobin- iron-rich protein that carries oxygen

Red blood cells – oxygen rich, have hemoglobin

white blood cells -- function in the immune system

platelets -- help in blood clotting

Spleen – helps to filter out toxins in the blood

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Image of the Respiratory System

The Respiratory SystemPurpose: to provide oxygen for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide

Major Organs and Their Functions

Nose – take air in and out

Pharynx – a passage way for both air and food at the back of the throat

Larynx – “voicebox”, holds vocal chords

Trachea – the “windpipe”, it connects your pharynx to your lungs

Epiglottis – skin that covers the trachea when you swallow, preventing food from entering

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Bronchi – the two large passageways that lead from the trachea to your lungs (one for each lung)

-- subdivided into bronchioles

Alveoli - tiny air sacs where the exchange of gases with the blood occurs

diaphragm - muscle that causes you to breath

-- hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm

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The Excretory System

The Excretory System

Purpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts

Major Organs and Their Functions

Kidneys --

waste-filled blood enters the kidney

the kidney filters out urea, excess water and other waste products,

which exit the kidney through the ureter and bladder as urine

Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the body through the rectum

Skin – sweat glands remove excess water and salts from the body

Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide

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SONG OR ACTING ASSIGNMENT

In groups of 4 design a 2 minute song or performance to describe the following for your assigned body system. Your must include the following:

• The purpose of your body system. (what does it do?)

• The parts of the body system. (What are they called?)

• The function of each part. (What does it do?)

You have 15 minutes to put together your song or performance. Then each group will present to the class.