How does DNA work?

Building the Proteins that your body needs

DNA contains it all Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the

instructions for protein formation DNA is a double helix with base

pairs complimenting each other. Adenine and thymine/ Guanine

and Cytosine are base pairs Each strand of DNA exposes the

necessary information to build two identical strands of DNA

DNA Replication

Proteins Made of amino acids There are only 20 amino acids

that in varied combination make up the proteins we need.

Used for growth and repair of tissue

DNA contains the instructions for producing protein

DNA genetic information is transferred

DNA can not leave the nucleus RNA is made, using DNA as a

blueprint Gene expression is the use of the

genetic information in DNA to make protein

DNA has the code

Transcription and Translation Transcription is when a

copy of RNA is made by using the DNA template

Translation is when three different kinds of RNA work together in order to assemble amino acids into proteins

Transcription and Translation

How DNA makes RNA

Inside the nucleus DNA makes single strand copies of RNA to be sent out into the cell

RNA is similar to DNA except Thymine (T) is replaced with Uracil(U)

Transcription A portion of the helix unwinds,

exposing a sequence of genetic information

Enzyme RNA polymerase binds to exposed bases, moving along the strand, pairing complimentary bases to build a strand of RNA

mRNA passes out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm of the cell

RNA Polymerase

mRNA

Transcription

Breaking the Code - mRNA Codon is a nucleotide triplet that

determines which amino acid will be used for the appropriate protein.

Every three base codon is instructions for another amino acid.

Genetic code is the correspondence between nucleotide triplets and the amino acids in proteins

Reading the Code Using the genetic code chart, it is

possible to figure out the amino acid used for a specific protein

On the left side of the chart, use the first codon

The top of the chart refers to the second codon and the third is on the side, line it up and it tells you the amino acid

RNA makes protein mRNA binds to a site on a Ribosome Ribosomes produce protein and use

mRNA has the instructions tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino

acids to the ribosomes On one end of tRNA is a 3 nucleotide

sequence called a anticodon Anticodons are complementary to

mRNA codons

Regulating Gene expression Protein production must be

regulated or we have unrestricted growth

Repressor proteins stop the process

Inducers begin the process Proteins are even needed for this.