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LOOKING INSIDE CELLS
How Do the Parts of a Cell Work?
The parts of a cell work together. Each kind of cell structure has a
different function within a cell.
Cell Wall A rigid layer that surrounds the cells
of plants and some other organisms Protects and supports the cell
Cell Membrane (The Gatekeeper) Controls which substances pass into
and out of a cell (food particles, water, and oxygen)
Prevents harmful materials from entering the cell
Cytoplasm A thick, clear, gel-like fluid Moves constantly within the cell Organelles are suspended in the
cytoplasm
Organelles in the Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies) Vacuoles Chloroplasts Lysosomes
Nucleus Acts as the control center of the cell Contains information for directing a
cell’s functions (chromatin - DNA) Makes ribosomes which produce
proteins (nucleolus)
Mitochondria The “power house” of the cell Converts energy stored in food to
energy the cell can use to live and function (cellular respiration)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of membranes Produces many substances Helps attached ribosomes make
proteins
Ribosomes Small grain-shaped Made in the nucleolus Produce proteins
Golgi Apparatus (The Warehouse) Receives proteins and other newly
made substances from the ER Packages the materials Distributes the materials to the parts
of the cell
Vacuole Stores water, food, and other
materials needed by the cell Plants have a larger vacuole because
they store more water.
Chloroplasts Captures energy
from the sun and changes it into energy the cell can use to make food (photosynthesis)
Found in plant cells and some protists like algae
Lysosomes Contains
substances that break down large food particles (enzymes)
Breaks down old cell parts and recycles them
How Do Cells Work Together in an Organism?
Multicellular organisms have cells that work together to perform specific functions.
Specialized Cells Perform specific functions that
benefit the entire organism One type of cell does one kind of job,
while other types of cells do other jobs
Cells Working Together Cells are organized into tissues,
organs, and organ systems