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HOW DO FUNGI SURVIVE? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3csU3ORBO_A
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The Kingdom Fungi
What Are Fungi?
Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Cell Walls Containing Chitin
Chitin: a complex carbohydrate that is also found in the external skeletons of insects
https://hermansonhbiology.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/04_04aanimalcell-u.jpg
What does it mean to be a heterotroph?
Depend on other organisms for food This makes them similar to animals BUT… https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?
q=tbn:ANd9GcQ7qFUbp8zmpXaSkU6mUtKAZz04aI-oxggdW--c7gZ4FH4NhUT-Hg
Unlike Animals
Fungi don’t ingest their food They digest their food outside of their
bodies and then absorb it Through a process called Extracellular
Digestion
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Structure and Function of Fungi
Yeasts are the only unicellular fungi The rest are multicellular
Composed of hyphae
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Hyphae
Definition: tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus
One cell wall thick Some have cross walls
Divide hyphae into cells containing 1 or 2 nuclei
Have tiny openings so cytoplasm and nuclei can move
Some lack cross walls Contain many nuclei
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Two Kinds of Hyphae
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MAKING AMYCELIUMACTIVITY
Structure and Function of Fungi
Mycelium Thick mass of tangled hyphae Makes up body of a fungus
Mushroom Fruiting body
Reproductive structure Grows from the mycelium in the soil
Mycelium
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Structure and Function of Fungi
Fruiting Body
Mycelium
Hyphae
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Structure and Function of Fungi
Fairy Rings Mycelium can live for many years Nutrients in the center of mycelium are
exhausted New mushrooms only sprout around the
edges
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Fairy Rings
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Reproduction in Fungi
Most fungi reproduce BOTH Asexually
Hyphae break off and grow on their own Through spores
Spore: reproductive cell capable of growing through mitosis alone
Produced in sporangia Sporangia on tips of specialized hyphae,
Sporangiophores
Sexually
http://dtc.pima.edu/blc/182/lesson5/fungi/fungiimages/lifecycle2.gif
Reproduction in Fungi
Most fungi reproduce BOTH Asexually Sexually
Involves two different mating types of hyphae Sex cells (gametes) are the same size Mating types are plus “+” and minus “-”
Two mating type hyphae meet and fuse eventually creating spores
Spores similar to asexual spore: undergo mitosis to become a new fungi
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How Fungi Spread
Spores found in almost every environment
Spores can scatter in the wind Spores can be spread over long
distances by animals Need the proper combination of
temperature, moisture, and food Even so… probability of spore producing a
mature organism can be < 1 in a billion
