Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

How do CELLS REPRODUCE?Mitosis: asexual reproductionsMeiosis: sexual reproduction

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Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell containing tightly spindled DNA. Chromatid is a

single chromosome

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MitosisCell Division

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Mitosis

Q: How do organisms Grow?

A1: Make Larger Cells

A2: Make More Cells

Review: Cell Theory-

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

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Mitosis

Your cells are dividing, growing, dying all the time.

Your body produces billions of cells.

Cells divide, specialize, form tissues, organize into organs, work together to form

organ systems.

Part of you that is always undergoing Mitosis: Skin, Blood Cells

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Parts of the Plant that are always dividing for growth:Roots and Stem

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Mitosis – Cell Division – Asexual Reproduction

Cells divide into 2 new identical cells.

5 Phases of Mitosis

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

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Mitosis – Cell Division – Asexual ReproductionInterphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

***Your description will go here!!!

***Your pictures will go here!!!

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Cell Cycle is the sequence of stages through which a cell passes between one cell division.

The

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Cell Cycle is the sequence of stages through which a cell passes between one cell division.

G1 S G2

Growth phase Replication of DNA

Replication Organelles and Growth of mitosis

The cell cycle 3 phases of Interphase

The

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Interphase 1st stage: G1, S, and G2

in each.

When cell prepares for division.

Chromosomes duplicate!!!

Cell grows

Some do not count this as the first stage of mitosis!

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Prophase

Chromosomes are visible.

Nucleus begins to break apart.

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Metaphase Chromosomes line up

along the center of the cell.

MIDDLE!

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Anaphase Duplicated

Chromosomes pull away from each other.

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Telophase 2 New cells form.

Cell division completes

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Cytokinesis

2 New cells form.

Cell division completes

Cytokinesis occurs (new cell wall forms or cell membrane is pinched in)

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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Remember!

Mitosis is Asexual.

Mitosis is for growth and repairing old, dead cells.

Mitosis occurs throughout the body.

Mitosis stages are IPMAT.

Mitosis begins with 1 cell & ends with 2 identical cells!

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Cancer

Result of Uncontrolled Cell division in Mitosis.

From environmental factors, changes in enzymes that regulate cell

division, & genetics.

Second leading cause of death in the U.S.

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Cancerous Cells

Cells divide, and keep dividing.

This forms masses of tissue called a Tumor.

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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Educational Public Service Announcement/Brochure

You are an oncologist (scientist who studies cancer) & you would like to educate the public about cancer so that they may make healthful choices in their lives.

Please include:

1. The cause of cancer at the cell level.

2. Types of cancer that are most common in the U.S.

3. General environmental causes of cancer.

4. Preventative actions one can take (this should be the largest & most important section of the brochure.

Be Creative, Informative, Clear, & Specific

See your book: pages 211-214

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= Sexual ReproductionDiploid Cell –

full set of chromosomes

Same as Mitosis

2 daughter cells are identical to parent cell.Chromosomes do NOT duplicate here. Each cell divides- chromosomes separating randomly!

The Result: 4 daughter cells with ½ the number of chromosomes needed for an individual.

Haploid Cells –½ set of chromosomesAlso called GametesEx. Sperm, egg, pollen

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Eggs are created

Sperm are created

Resulting Cell when 2 gametes fuse = Fertilization

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MEIOSIS: cell division necessary for reproduction.

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meiosis

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Meiosis :Cell division for sexual reproduction. Cells are located in the testes (males) females(ovaries)

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Meiosis: IPMAT cytokinesis 2nd phase of PMAT producing 4 (haploid-single)daughter cells

I II

Prophase Synapsis occurs and crossing over of chromosomes

same

Metaphase Pairs of chromosomes line in the plates

2 celled-pair of chromosomes line in the plates

Anaphase Homologous pairs separate

Sister chromatids seperates

Telophase Division occurs Division occurs

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Meiosis Function: creates gametes (sperm, egg, pollen) for

sexual reproduction.

From one Gamete forming cell – 4 daughter cells are

formed.

Haploid cells are created – which have ½ the number

of chromosomes as the parent or normal body cells.

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Mistakes in Meiosis

Genetic Recombination: AKA Crossing Over

Occurs during meiosis, chromosomes actually cross over each other, genetic material gets

switched!

This leads to genetic variability!

Can be an endless number of different chromosomes possible!

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Mistakes in Meiosis Non-Disjunction

Failure of Chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

Result: Zygote will have extra chromosomes or too few chromosomes.

Most Zygotes will not survive.

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Non-Disjunction

In humans, a person with an extra 21st chromosomes will have Down’s Syndrome

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Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis Meiosis

Function

Type of Reproduction

# of Cells Produced

Type of Cell Produced

# of Cellular Divisions

# of Chromosomes in Daughter cells

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of

Mitosis vs. MeiosisMitosis Meiosis

Function Create new cells for growth & replace

old cells

Create gametes for sexual

reproduction

Type of Reproduction Asexual Sexual

# of Cells Produced 2 4Type of Cell Produced Diploid Haploid

# of Cellular Divisions 1 2

# of Chromosomes in Daughter cells

Same as parent cell ½ as parent cell