How did the growth of How did the growth of railroads impact railroads impact Georgia’s post-Georgia’s post-revolutionary growth?revolutionary growth?

Fill in information in your Fill in information in your interactive notebook.interactive notebook.

I. Pre-rail I. Pre-rail transportationtransportationa.a. People traveled on horses, boats, People traveled on horses, boats,

and stagecoaches. Freight was and stagecoaches. Freight was hauled on wagon trains.hauled on wagon trains.

b.b. Stagecoach trails were based on Stagecoach trails were based on Indian paths and ran east to west.Indian paths and ran east to west.

c.c. The main stagecoach line connected The main stagecoach line connected Augusta to Columbus via Macon.Augusta to Columbus via Macon.

d.d. Stagecoaches could travel 30-40 Stagecoaches could travel 30-40 miles per day.miles per day.

e.e. To help keep roads maintained, To help keep roads maintained, a law was passed requiring all a law was passed requiring all men ages 16 to 60 to work on men ages 16 to 60 to work on the state’s roads for 12 days per the state’s roads for 12 days per year.year.

f.f. Even traveling the “best” road in Even traveling the “best” road in the state that connected the state that connected Savannah to Augusta took 2 to Savannah to Augusta took 2 to 4 days.4 days.

g.g. There were roads known as There were roads known as turnpikes that were run by turnpikes that were run by private companies but people private companies but people had to pay a toll to travel on the had to pay a toll to travel on the road.road.

On your map, draw a brown On your map, draw a brown line to represent the road line to represent the road from Augusta to Columbus.from Augusta to Columbus.

Application: On what Application: On what geographical feature did this geographical feature did this road run?road run?

II. Water TravelII. Water Travel

a.a. The most important waterway in The most important waterway in Georgia – the Savannah River – Georgia – the Savannah River – connected the backcountry to the connected the backcountry to the most important port city – most important port city – Savannah.Savannah.

b.b. Augusta, Georgia’s 2Augusta, Georgia’s 2ndnd capital, capital, grew because of its location on the grew because of its location on the Savannah River and the Fall LineSavannah River and the Fall Line

c.c. Other cities that began as trading Other cities that began as trading centers on waterways were centers on waterways were Milledgeville on the Oconee, Macon Milledgeville on the Oconee, Macon on the Ocmulgee and Columbus on on the Ocmulgee and Columbus on the Chattahoochee.the Chattahoochee.

d.d. Barges carried cotton down river to Barges carried cotton down river to port cities. From there it would be port cities. From there it would be shipped to northern states or shipped to northern states or Europe. There was a MAJOR Europe. There was a MAJOR downside – the barges couldn’t downside – the barges couldn’t return upriver because of the return upriver because of the current of the river.current of the river.

e.e. Ferries were used to cross Ferries were used to cross waterways and transport people waterways and transport people and goods. Ferries were pulled by and goods. Ferries were pulled by hand across shallow rivers such as hand across shallow rivers such as the Flint or by pulley systems the Flint or by pulley systems across deeper rivers.across deeper rivers.

f.f. Steamboats arrived in the 1820s, Steamboats arrived in the 1820s, which provided for two-way which provided for two-way transportation on the state’s rivers.transportation on the state’s rivers.

On your map trace the Savannah, On your map trace the Savannah, Oconee, Ocmulgee and Oconee, Ocmulgee and Chattahoochee Rivers in blue.Chattahoochee Rivers in blue.

On your map trace the Savannah, Oconee, Ocmulgee and Chattahoochee Rivers in blue.

Application: What else have we learned about the Savannah and Chattahoochee Rivers?

III. RailroadsIII. Railroads

a.a. Demand was growing for a Demand was growing for a reliable, fast, and inexpensive reliable, fast, and inexpensive form of transportationform of transportation

b.b. 1825 – First steam-powered 1825 – First steam-powered railroad began operating in railroad began operating in EnglandEngland

c.c. 1830 – First steam-powered 1830 – First steam-powered locomotive, the Tom Thumb, was locomotive, the Tom Thumb, was demonstrated in the U.S.demonstrated in the U.S.

d.d. In Georgia, inland cities like Forsyth In Georgia, inland cities like Forsyth and Athens needed an efficient and Athens needed an efficient way to ship cotton to Savannahway to ship cotton to Savannah

e.e. First railroads to be built were First railroads to be built were private businesses. Companies private businesses. Companies could only borrow so much money could only borrow so much money from investors to build lines.from investors to build lines.

f.f. The General Assembly became a The General Assembly became a partner with private companies to partner with private companies to help build railroads in our state.help build railroads in our state.

IV. Railroad in GeorgiaIV. Railroad in Georgiaa.a. First regular train service in America First regular train service in America

started in Charleston, SC in 1830started in Charleston, SC in 1830b.b. 1833 – 163 miles of track from 1833 – 163 miles of track from

Charleston to Hamburg, SC was Charleston to Hamburg, SC was completed. Hamburg sat just completed. Hamburg sat just across the Savannah River from across the Savannah River from Augusta.Augusta.

c.c. Augusta officials would not allow Augusta officials would not allow the line to continue into Georgia, the line to continue into Georgia, because it would take business because it would take business away from Savannah.away from Savannah.

d.d. December 1833 – The General December 1833 – The General Assembly chartered two railroads. Assembly chartered two railroads. The Georgia Railroad was to run The Georgia Railroad was to run westward from Augusta to westward from Augusta to Madison to Eatonton, ending in Madison to Eatonton, ending in Athens. This line was finished in Athens. This line was finished in 1841. The Central of Georgia line 1841. The Central of Georgia line was to run from Savannah to was to run from Savannah to Macon. It was completed in 1843.Macon. It was completed in 1843.

On your map, use black to draw On your map, use black to draw and label these two rail lines.and label these two rail lines.

V. AtlantaV. Atlantaa.a. 1836 – Law was passed to build 1836 – Law was passed to build

a railroad from the a railroad from the Chattahoochee River through Chattahoochee River through Cherokee land to Chattanooga, Cherokee land to Chattanooga, Tennessee. It would be called Tennessee. It would be called the Western & Atlantic and the Western & Atlantic and would eventually connect the would eventually connect the other rail lines in the state to the other rail lines in the state to the interior of the U.S.interior of the U.S.

b.b. In 1837, the route was surveyed In 1837, the route was surveyed and the end of the line was and the end of the line was marked and called Terminus.marked and called Terminus.

c.c. In 1845, the Georgia railroad was In 1845, the Georgia railroad was connected to the W&A. Terminus connected to the W&A. Terminus didn’t seem like a proper name didn’t seem like a proper name for a city, so it was renamed for a city, so it was renamed Marthasville in honor of Gov. Marthasville in honor of Gov. Lumpkin’s daughter.Lumpkin’s daughter.

d.d. 1846 – The Macon and Western 1846 – The Macon and Western railroad linked Marthasville with railroad linked Marthasville with the Central of Georgia that began the Central of Georgia that began in Savannah.in Savannah.

e.e. 1847 – The chief engineer of the 1847 – The chief engineer of the W&A suggested yet another W&A suggested yet another name for Marthasville. Taking name for Marthasville. Taking the feminine form of Atlantic, the the feminine form of Atlantic, the new city would be called Atlanta.new city would be called Atlanta.

f.f. In 1853, a fourth line, the Atlanta In 1853, a fourth line, the Atlanta and West Point linked rails in and West Point linked rails in Georgia to Alabama.Georgia to Alabama.

On your map, draw and label the On your map, draw and label the W&A and the Atlanta and West W&A and the Atlanta and West Point lines.Point lines.

VI. Impact of railroadsVI. Impact of railroads

a.a. New city:__________________New city:__________________b.b. Continued growth: Continued growth:

____________________________c.c. Trade/Economic Trade/Economic

growth:___________________growth:___________________d.d. Government support of Government support of

growth:_______________________growth:_______________________