How did geography shape the lives of the people of ANCIENT GREECE?

Geography and the POLIS

Geography not conducive to unification:Mountains

IslandsBoth isolate and protect, but do not allow for too much cultural diffusion

– As a result…..

POLIS= city-state develops

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greek Kingdoms (1750-1200B.C.)MINOAN : Crete

THERA – island off the coast of Crete thought to be “lost city” of Atlantis

Volcanic eruption destroyed most of the island

MYCENAEAN: mainland Greece Trading kingdoms

Later went to war over trade routes

Mycenaean civilization takes over Minoan

Knossos, Crete

Throne Room

Athens v. Sparta

Which city-state had a way of life more similar to our own?

Mainland Greece was divided into city-states:

ATHENS & SPARTA

Were the two strongest city-states

Athens vs. Sparta

ATHENSDirect Democracy

Individual was important

Women didn’t have rights

Art, literature, theater important to people

Focus on CULTURE

OPEN SOCIETY

SPARTAOligarchy w/ two kings

Individual served the state

Women had many rights

Militaristic society, army was important to people

Focus on WAR

CLOSED SOCIETY

http://www.history.com/

news/history-lists/8-reasons-it-wasnt-easy-

being-spartanhttp://

www.history.com/topics/ancient-

history/peloponnesian-war/videos/greek-gods?

m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free

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https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=MlQXTrwhYro

WARS OF ANCIENT GREECEPERSIAN WARS

490-479 BCPERSIA vs. GREECE

ALL CITY-STATES UNITE TO CONQUER FOREIGN ENEMYBATTLES OF :

MARATHONTHERMOPYLAE

GREEK VICTORY!

PELOPONNESIAN WAR:431 – 404 BC

- Athenian leader: Pericles

(plague kills off Pericles)

- WAR BETWEEN ATHENS & SPARTA

- SURPRISE! Sparta forms alliance

with Persia = SPARTAN VICTORY

“A house divided cannot stand.”- Abraham Lincoln

Peloponnesian War which is a CIVIL WAR divides Greece

weakened from war Greece is target for….Philip of Macedonia (north of Greece)

Conquers Greece by the 4th century BC

Following Philip’s death, his son, ALEXANDER the GREAT takes over….

CONTRIBUTIONS

Despite the wars….

GREEK GOLDEN AGE in 5th century BC

WHAT IS A GOLDEN AGE?

DEVELOPMENTS IN ART: classical sculpture is emulated everywhere

ARCHITECTURE: columns, pediments, theaters The Parthenon in

Athens, Greecehttp://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece/videos/deconstructing-history-the-acropolis

How does ancient Greek philosophy and democracy

impact our own culture?

PHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHER = lover of wisdom

Three philosophers to know:SOCRATES

(469-399 BC)

PLATO (427-347 BC

ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC)

Was the death of Socrates justified?

DEMOCRACY

DIRECT DEMOCRACY

ATHENS, GREECE

CITIZENS PARTICIPATES IN GOVERNMENT

What is the best form of government?

MONARCHYRULE BE A KING

ARTISTOCRACYSTATE RULED BY NOBILITY

OLIGARCHYSTATE RULED BY SMALL GROUP

DIRECT DEMOCRACYSTATE RULED BY ITS CITIZENS

Remember…..

After the Peloponnesian War Greece is divided – splintered into pieces

This makes Greece vulnerable to invasion

Philip of Macedon will invade Greece in the 4th century B.C.E.

The Macedonian Empire

Macedonia was a growing power north of Greece

What’s so Great about Alexander?

Taught by AristotleEmpire extends from Greece to IndiaBlended the cultures he conquered to create

HELLENISTIC CULTURE

PersianIndianGreekEgyptian

What happened to Alexander’s Empire ?

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. at the age of 33.

His last words: “to the strongest”

His empire was divided up by his four strongest generals

A new power was well on the rise: ROME