How can we make road transportation safer for people ... · Road user behaviour –a multisectoral approach Influence road user behaviour by design and technology accompanied by enforcement

How can we makeroad transportationsafer for people everywhere

In association with:In association with Sponsored by

Workshop 3

Human Behaviour

Is the pace of modern living compatible with

good traffic safety?

Moderator: Dominik Schuster BMW AG

In association with Sponsored by

Agenda

Topic In charge Time

Summary of plenary sessions Moderator 10 min

Setting the scene Moderator 10 min

Discussion, development and formulation of key messages

• Politics & Legislation - Which part can and should governments play?

• Society & Infrastructure – Do we need to establish a safety culture?

• Technology – Risk or Chance?

• Global Perspective – Different countries, different approaches?

All 80 min

Summary & final discussion

• Priorities for further work and action points which stakeholders must grasp

• Specific actions which FISITA and its members should carry forward

• Messages to governments, decision makers, industry and society

All 20 min

Agenda









All 60 min





All 20 min

Summary of plenary sessionsRoad user behaviour – a multisectoral approach Influence road user behaviour by design and technology accompanied by

enforcement

Adapt infrastructure, technology and traffic management to the limits of road users and not vice versa

Scientific approach required to create a better understanding of driver behaviour

Politics & Legislation Increase compliance with road traffic rules

Regulative framework to enable the use of modern technology to improve road safety

Speed and alcohol checking are most effective countermeasures to increasesafety speed control and alcohol interlock neccessary

Safer road infrastructure

Summary of plenary sessionsModern (safety) technologiesMindset change required to use and accept new safety technology

The challenge is to step from warning to automatic intervention systems have to be better than humans

Address the needs of emerging markets but no simple transfer of requirements from established markets

Society – It´s your safety Traffic participants have a poor safety awareness

The right of the road has to be prioritized before the right of the individual

Safety education and propaganda tailored for different audiences

Driver education has been proved not to work

Agenda









All 80 min





All 20 min

Setting the Scene

Modern Living

Technology

Information & Network

Mobility & Infrastructure

Individuality

Risk or chance?

Is enhanced

information the

key to ensure

responsible road

user behaviour?

To what extent can infrastructure

and mobility concepts influence

human behaviour?

Does individuality

have to be

compromised in

order to improve

road safety?

Setting the Scene

Lack of

situational

awareness?!

• Human behaviour is the key factor when it comes to accidents

• Changing road user behaviour is a multidisciplinary task

society, politics, infrastructure, technology

For example:

– Inattention (“looked but did not see”)

– Distraction (reaching, cell phone, …)

– Speed

– Sleep, …

Agenda









All 80 min





All 20 min

The Stakeholders

Road User Behaviour

Politics & Legislation

Which part can and should

governments play?

Technology

Risk or Chance?

Global Perspective

Different countries, different

approaches?

Society& Infrastructure

Do we need to establish a safety

culture?

Summary

Technology – Risk or Chance?

* Journal of Safety Research 26 (2):119-24

Chancereduce injuries and fatalities

increase comfort and reduce stress

more and better information

Potential & Benefit

ESC:

25% of accidents with

injured persons*

Night Vision:

8% of pedestrian accidents*

Collision mitigation:

20% of accidents with

passenger cars*

* Gwehenberger, Allianz, 2008

Riskmental “input overflow“ of driver

technology failure in complex situations

distraction

Countermeasures to maximize the

benefit and minimize the risk

Education?

„The right and responsible

use of modern technology“

Legislation & Enforcement?

„Guidelines and standards

for modern technologies“

Advanced Driver

Assistance Systems?

„Push technology´s strengths“



„Combine the best of both worlds“

Human strengths Strengths of technical systems

mental flexibility & improvisationobjective and exact measuring

of physical values

reflexion & strategy changehigh power combined

with high precision

spatial perceptionfast computation and

optimization of complex issues

anticipation under difficult and

diffuse boundary conditions

no susceptibility to fatigue,

stress or distraction

rapid decision making,

even in high complex situations

fast pre-programmed

simple decision making



• Can technology get to the real source of the problem – the

irresponsible driver?

• How should the responsibilities between humans and technology be

distributed?

• How much „power of decision“ can and should technology take?

• Does a reduced human factor automatically imply enhanced road

safety?

• Governments role: regulative vs. incentive vs. market driven

approach?

• What has to be done to generate a broad consumer acceptance of

ADAS?



Pe

rfo

rma

nce

weak

strong

Arousallow high

Energizing Effect

increasing attention

and interest

optimal arousal

and performance

impaired performance

divided attention, muli-tasking,

decision-making, …

Optimum vs. Compromise? - Yerkes-Dodson-LawDifferent (driving) tasks require different levels of arousal for optimal performance!

• Is technology capable to cover the huge variety of individual driving characteristics?

• How much could and should human failures be compensated by technology („Ironies of

Automation“)?

• How does the path which leads to automated driving look like (short, mid and long term)?



• What should be the primary focus for automated driving tasks: comfort or safety?

• What technical and legal limits have to be addressed in order to enable more

automated driving task?

• Risk: driver out of the loop human strengths excluded (fail-safe concept?)

• Increased use of drive-time – a real benefit (compensation distraction)?

Politics & Legislation

Tackle human errors by establishing guidelines, rules, education campaigns,

incentives or bans – What´s the right and effective approach?

Politics & LegislationUN „Decade of Action for Road Safety“

Top Priority: Influence Road User Behaviour

• Increase awareness of road safety risk factors and prevention. Education

• Laws and standards for: speed limits, BAC, motorcycle helmets, child restraints,

commercial vehicle freight and public transport operations safety Enforcement

EU Road Safety Program 2011-2020• Improve education and training of road users

• Increase enforcement of road rules

• Promote the use of modern safety technology

• Safer road infrastructures

Halving the number of victims by 2010

Shared responsibilities among stakeholders

• What should be the prioritized actions of governments to ensure responsible road

user behaviour?

• To what extent will modern societies accept government intervention and react

accordingly?

• How much attention regarding high way measures has to be paid to the

infringement of the rights of the individual?

Society – What needs to change?„Estimate your likelihood of

being in a crash next year“

Change our risk

perception

**


„I think my driving skills are …“

Turn us into

„objective road users“

*

„What´s the likely cause of a crash

if you happened to be in one?“

Reduce the „other

driver“ effect?

**

** 1979 survey of public perceptions on highway

safety. DOT HS 805 165

• Can societies create an environment that is more attentive and responsive to road safety?

• What are the main ingredients (education, enforcement, technology, infrastructure, media, …)?

• What are the strategical steps towards a „Safety Culture“?

• Does individual mobility in modern societies has to be compromised in order to improve road

safety?

Society

InfrastructureRoundabouts78% drop in accidents

involving injuries (Time Magazine, 2008)

Traffic calming

techniquesspeed bumps,

chicanes

Public

Transport

Car2x

• Infrastructure - A major prerequisite to influence the human factor?

• Addressing driver behaviour – infrastructure before technology?

• New technologies (e.g. ADAS, Car2x) demand adequate infrastructure. How can

infrastructure stakeholders contribute for a quick and successful introduction?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/One-lane_chicane_1.jpg

Global PerspectiveGlobal status report on road safety, World Health Organization (WHO), 2009:• Few countries have road safety laws relating to key risk factors that are sufficiently

comprehensive in scope.

• Enforcement of laws relating to key risk factors for road traffic injuries is poor in many

countries, e.g. seat belt laws.

• How can regional differences in road user behaviour be addressed?

international harmonized standards vs. regional standards

• How could collaborations look like? share of best practices

• What are the strategic steps to address road user behaviour in LICs?

Agenda









All 80 min





All 20 min

Backup

Backup

Vienna convention (1968). Agreement of the United Nations. Article 8

1. Every moving vehicle or combination of vehicles shall have a driver.

2. It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that pack, draught

or saddle animals, and, except in such special areas as may be marked at the

entry, cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks, shall have a driver.

3. Every driver shall possess the necessary physical and mental ability and be

in a fit physical and mental condition to drive.

4. Every driver of a power-driven vehicle shall possess the knowledge and skill

necessary for driving the vehicle; however, this requirement shall not be a bar

to driving practice by learner-drivers in conformity with domestic legislation.

5. Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his

animals.

Backup

Vienna convention (1968). Agreement of the United Nations. Article 8

1. Every moving vehicle or combination of vehicles shall have a driver.

2. It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that pack, draught

or saddle animals, and, except in such special areas as may be marked at the

entry, cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks, shall have a driver.

3. Every driver shall possess the necessary physical and mental ability and be

in a fit physical and mental condition to drive.

4. Every driver of a power-driven vehicle shall possess the knowledge and skill

necessary for driving the vehicle; however, this requirement shall not be a bar

to driving practice by learner-drivers in conformity with domestic legislation.

5. Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his

animals.

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How can we make road transportation safer for people ... · Road user behaviour –a multisectoral approach Influence road user behaviour by design and technology accompanied by enforcement