A \ y i P P I / " A AUGUST 30 - SEPTEMBER 6,/ \ /VICl \IV-A\ VOL.177 NO. 5

How Can I Find God?Another Look

Ron Hansen. "The first and foremost wayof finding God for me is in the Eucharist and inother sacraments and rites. "

Two yeiLTs ago AMERICA ptiblished a collection of 25 brief essays by anumber of notable personalities (9/30/95). The editor. James Martin.S.J.. put to his respondents the following question: "'If someone were toask you: How can I find God' what would you say?" The contributorswere to imagine the questioner as a close friend, with no specific reli-gious background. This month those answers will be published, alongwith some 50 more responses, in How Can I Find God'^ (THumplVLig'^uori Publications, l-8fX)-325-9521). The new collection greatly expandsthe scope of the original article; Mr. Martin has included not only someof the "famous" but also some "not-so-famous" i?eople from across the

country, as well as contributors from six different religious traditions: Catholic. ProtestantJewish. Muslim, Native Atnerican and Buddhist. We present here a few of the new essays

THE REV. DANIEL J. HARRINGTON. S.J., is professor of NewTestament at the Weskm Jesuit School of Theology in Cambridge.Mass. Father Harrington, an internationally recognized Scripturescholar, is the general editor of the journal New Testament Ab-stracts ami the Sacra Pagina series of hooks. He is also the authorof nuiny .scholarly articles and books, including How to Read theGospels and Interpreting the New Testament.

I find God largely in and through the Bible. Most of tny academ-ic, spiritual, and pastoral life revolves around the Bible. It is for methe most important way to come to know. love, and seive God.

My love for the Bible goes back a long way. I stutter I alwayshave, and I guess I always will. As a young boy I read in a newspa-per that Moses sUittered. I looked it up in the Bible, and sure enoughin Exodus 4:10 Moses says to God: "1 am slow of speech and slowof tongue." But I found much more in Exodus 3-4. It is the story ofGod's self-revelation to Moses at Mount Horeb. It tells about theburning bush, the suffering of God's people Israel In Egypt, the rev-elation of the special divine name ("I am who I am"), God'spromise of liberation from slavery, Moses' miraculous powers, andGod's call to Moses to speak on Gcxl's behalf. I read that story overand over, and it gradually worked upon me so that it has shaped my religious consciousness tothis day. As a boy of ten or eleven years of age I found God in the Bible, and 1 have continued todo so ever since.

As a Jesuit priest and professor of biblical studies 1 have been able to blend my prüfession

Sister Helen Prejean, C.S.J."... to find C>od ÍS to find the wholehuman family."

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W hen xhe read ihe original article inAMERtCA magazine. Jean Shea, whoteaches computer skills at tbe St.

Thomas School in Crystal Uike. Illinois, thoughttluit lite question. "How can I fiiui God? " might hea good one to u.se for a typing exercise in class. "/iry to make the word processor interesting to allages, " she e.tplained. After some consideration, Mrs.Shea decided that her .seventh-grade class would bean ideal class to answer tbe question. Three of theiranswersfallow.

I find God in kids and babies. 1 think it'sneat to see how kids grow, not only onthe outside, but how they grow smiirter andgrow on the inside too. Kids can alwayscheer you up. You can really see a miraclein children.

I have a cousin, Bemadette. who remindsme of this. I have seen her grow up frotBwhen she was bom to now, age four. She is\er>' special because she is alive. She hadwhooping cough when she was a babyand was in a coma. It was amazing that shelived. We are all very happy to have her, andnow she ha.s a sister who is very healthy.

Jackie Chybik

I find God in everything, but mostly inanimals. They help me in everything, likein hard times. I always thought 1 can talk tothe animals. A river otter is one of myfavorite animals. I think I resemble a riverotter's personality. They love water just likeI do. Indians hunied the river otter. Indianshunt for food and I hunt for gotxl gradesiind special feelings. When I look at peoplelike India]is. 1 fmd Gtxl. God is (rusting,loving, and caring. River otters, Indians, andall of us are all alike because we are allhunting for God.

Robert Schrempf

I fmd God through dogs because dogsare full of tove. They always make you feelbetter when you feel down. They make youfeel special and loved. Dogs protect andguide you and give you companionship, justlike God.

I have a dog at home named Mollie.When I go home at night I play with her, andshe always brightens up my day.

Like I said, dogs are always there foryou. If you take care of them, they will takecare of you. Even though dogs cannot lalk,they still love, just like God.

Katie Dmry

and my love for the Bible. Many of my happiest personal experienceshave taken place in the academic study of the Bible: reading the firstchapter of John's Gospel in Greek, beginning the study of Hebrew, earn-ing a doctorate in biblical languages and cultures from HarvardUniversity, teachitig Scripture to theology students, and preaching on theScriptures every Sunday for over twenty-five years. As general editor ofNew Testament Abstracts since 1972 I see everything in the academicstudy of the New Testament. The Bible never grows wearisome or stalefor tne. I am deeply in love with the Bible as God's word.

Those who find God in the Bible often surround their experience withtheological terms such as inspiration, revelation, inerrancy, canon, author-ity, and nonnativity. These tenns have long histories and name significanttheological realities. But more fundamental is the henneneutical processthat I illustrated above with reference to ExtKius 3-4.

We bring to the biblical text ourselves, our experiences, our personalstrengths and limits, our communal and individual identities. The Bibleitself is a collection of books, written at different times and in differentplaces. The Old Testament contains narratives about ancient Israel'spatriarchs and kings, law codes, prophetic oracles, songs of praise andlaments, proverbs, wisdom instructions, love poems, and apocalypticvisions. The New Testament consists of four accounts of Jesus' life andteachings, stories about the apostles. letters from Paul and other earlyChristian writers, and an apocalyptic prophecy.

Biblical scholars try to understand the books of Scripture with themethods of literary, historical, and theological analysis. They make avail-able tools that enable readers today to understand and appreciate the textbetter than they could do on their own. And yet the Bible is not simply anobject of antiquarian research or words on a page (no matter how sacred).In the encounter between the reader and the text the "word of God"comes alive. Something can and does happen. In that encounter—whether it takes the form of silent or oral reading, literary analysis, orpreaching—the word of God comes alive for me. I see analogies, pointsof contact, between what the biblical text describes and my life. As I dis-cover and articulate those analogies I develop a language for thinking andtalking about the experience of God and about human existence. This inturn shapes my way of living and how I interact with others. And thewhole circle of experience, biblical texts, assimilation of the text, andpraxis—the hermeneutical circle—^begins again.

The "word of God" is not identical with the text of the Bible. For me, itrefers to the whole process of encountering Gtxl in and through the Scrip-tures. From the Bible we come to know the God of our religious traditionand what it means to be God"s people. With the help of the Psaltns weleam to express both our thanks and praise to God as well as our sadnessand anger. We fmd what hope means through the prophets and seers. Wemeet Jesus of Nazareth whom we confess to be tlic "Word of God." Inand through the Word/word, God tells us who God is and what Godwants us to be and do. The Epistles show what it means to live outChristian faith amidst the realities of a sometimes dangerous and hostileworid—one nevertheless under the sovereignty of God and his Messiah.

The encounter with God through the Bible cannot be programmed orforced. According to the Bible (and especially Exodus 3^) . God takesthe initiative in this relationship and leads us where God wants us to go.There is. however, an ancient, sitnple. and etfective framework for facili-tating encounter with God through the Bible. It is often called by its Latinname, leciio divina (divine, or spiritual, œading).

There are four steps in lectio divina: reading (What does the text say?),meditation (What is God saying to me through this text?), prayer (What

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do I want to say to God on the basis of this text?), and action(What difference can this text make in how I act? What pos-sibilities does it open up.' What challenges does it pose?).

The God of the Bible is the God of Jesus Christ. 1 experi-ence this God in and through the Bible and my life. It is myprivilege as a Jesuit priest to study and teach Scripture, toproclaim and preach God's word, and to celebrate thechurch's liturgies (which are largely cast in the hinguage of

start my answer by reflecting on tbe values which weretaught to me by my parents. My parents were generous andloving, and tbeir faith helped to shape all of their children asindividuals and as a family. In our home, faith and prayerwere important values, and. as the years went on. Motherestablished the tradition of all the family saying the rosarytogether on special occasions or, sometimes, just sitting onthe porch after dinner. Through her example. Mother

Daniel J. Harrington, S.J. "/ am deeply m love with the Bible as God's word. "

the Bible). In the midst of these wonderful activities (whichare my greatest joy) 1 occasionally stutter. And this bringsme back to where my spiritual joumey with the Bible began.Though I am slow of speech and tongue like Moses, I stillhear the words of Exodus 4:11-12: "Who gives speech tomortals? Who makes them mute or deaf, seeing or blind? Isit not I, the Lord? Now go, and I will be with your mouthand teach you what you are to speak."

HE HONORABLE JEAN KENNEDY SM/TH is the U.S.amhassador to Ireland, appointed to this post h\ PresidentBill Clinton in 1993. In 1974 Mrs. Smith founded VerySpecial Arts, an educational organization affiliated with theJohn E Kennedy Center for the Performing Ans. which pro-vides artistic opportunities Jbr individuals with mental andphysical disabilities. Ambassador Smith currently lives inDublin, Ireland.

If someone were to ask me about finding God, I would

showed us that prayer was part of our everyday lives—thatit was important to attend church on Sunday, but that it wasequally important to stop in for a visit when we were shop-ping in town. In that way. we came to think of religion as aconscious search, rather than an authoritative demand, assomething that enriches our life, rather than restricts it.

Over the years, I have become more and more aware ofthe many different ways in which one can search for God.There is no single path. In my work with artists, some whohave oveœome significant physical and mental challenges, Ihave often been impressed by the way in which they havefound grace through their artistic expression. Through thearts, possibly unlike any experience, a person is able lo tran-scend limitations, explore the imagination and discover theunknown. This process of discovery can awaken for all of ustlie profound wonders and the deep meaning in our lives.

The knowledge that spirituality reveals itself in manydiverse places and forms has made me more awiire of theintrinsic value of the different religions throughout ourworld. In my life, I have been privileged to witness a variety

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of religious traditions, each with its own richness and beau-ty, each marked by prayer and fidelity as pathmarks whichpoint toward God.

I think that we need all need to realize that God and thesearch for faith are truly universal, and that there are manyways to express belief and to search for that which liesbeyond, Our search for God is, I think, a search for a betterhumanity, one in which there is love and compassion for allpeople. It must be rooted in these valuesand marked by an openness and under-standing of the diversity of humanexpression.

c'HRIS ERICKSON works on thefarm tUat has heen in his family for overone hundred years. His ancestors emi-grated from Sweden, .settling in Nebras-ka in 1884. On his farm Chris grows2.000 acres of com. WO of alfalfa, ami50 of wheat. Chris's education, a degreein agricultural economics from the Univ-ersity of Nebraska, and his family !v expe-rience have helped him to maintain aprofitable livelihood, and one that heenjoys. ''As a farmer, you're your ownboss and can make your own decisions, "he says. "Plus. I love working outside. "

Chris, 33, was raised as a Lutheranand continues to attend churc-h on a regu-lar basis in his hometown of Holdrege,Nebraska.

If someone were to ask how to findGod. 1 would smile and tell them that Isee God every day. Being a farmerrequires one to work witb the earth andnature, and I cannot think of one occupa-tion outside the clergy that would exposea person to God and His Creation more than farming. Fromthe planting of the seeds through the harvesting of the grain.I see God's plan at work all the time. The complexity andmagnificent aura of nature as well as the constant orderunder which it functions lead me to believe that only aSupreme Being could have come up with the idea for itsexistence.

I also see God in people: These may be people I workwith, do business with, worship with, or friends whom Ishare spare time with. What better source for finding Godthan people? For we are created after His likeness. God isevident all around us and is easy to fmd, but in order to dothis, one must first have faith in God. Without faith it can bedifficult to find God.

To be a Christian requires an act of faith. My own faithhas grown through my life and God's presence has becomemuch clearer. I see Him in the daily work I do as a fanner.

Farming can be a very labor-intensive occupation. Many

Frederick Buechner. "... youwill evenhially find God whetheryou ivant to or not."

long, hard hours are spent planting the seeds, tilling thefields, watering the crops, and harvesting the grain. But Ihave nothing to do with the seeds sprouting, the plant grow-ing, or the production of grain that occurs within the plant.When God created the Earth, He had a master plan for hownature would work. Humans can't make seeds sprout orplants grow: it is God's plan through nature that does thework. All of this is a continuation of my personal relation-

ship with God, In that relationship, faithis the key factor. When I plant the seeds,I have faith they will sprout. If I irrigatethe plants, I have faith they will grow.Being a fumier allows me to experienceGod's Creation and my relationship withHim on both a physical and spiritualbasis.

My assumptions of God's presence innature are based on the fact that God cre-ated the Heavens and the Earth. ThotighI am no expert on the scientific origins ofthe Earth. I find it difficult to believe thatCreation was just something that "hap-pened." The complexity that occurs innature leads me to believe that a higherbeing had responsibility. The intricateway in which matter is formed, vianumerous bonding processes of atomsand molecules and the complexity ofgenes and chromosomes in animals andhumans, demonstrates to me that only ahighly intelligent being could have beenthe architect of our universe. There isalso an order to Creation. The law ofgravity, the sunrise and sunset, and theseasonal changes are just a few examplesof the orderly way in which the Earthfunctions. All of this, combined wilh themagnificent glory of God's Creation,such as the natural beauty of the land and

sky, and the vastness of the oceans, makes me believe thatGod is our Creator, as is described in Genesis.

How can we find Gtxl? He is all around us. The essenceof our very existence. When we look at God's Creation, wesee the wonderful work of the Almighty Hand. I find God inthe soil I till, the crops I grow, and the water I use—allworking together to provide food lor many around the worldand myself with a living. I see God in other people throughtheir acts of kindness and caring. And I believe you can findGod in the way our universe functions, in tbe intricate andmagnificent way it operates and the consistent order withwhich it functions—all of which point to God as its Creator.If you have faith, all you have to do is open your eyes, andGod is easy to find.

REDERICK BUECHNER is the author of twenty-seven works of fiction and non-fiction including the

AMERICA AUGUST 30, 1997

autobiographical books Telling Secrets, Now and Then,The Sacred Journey as well a.\ Godric. the story of ameclievai monk, which was nominated for a PulitzerPrize. Mr. Buechner studied at the Union TheologicalSeminary in New York City and served as a teacher ancicimplain at Phillips E.xeter Academy in New Hampshireduring the 1960s. Today he lives in Hobc Sound,Florida.

Today Dee worLs as a receptionist ai St. Aloy.sius Chu/vhin Harlem. New York City Together with her ¡ate husband.Dee raised one child Láveme, nowfaiiy. and is the pmudgrandmother of two girls. Dee decided to answer the ques-tion orally, in what tumed out to be a lively monologue.

First of all, everybody has some kind of problem in theirlife. And you usually find God when things aren't all good.

Deotha Armstrong, "if God didn't breathe life into your mother's womb, well, believe me. i/ou ivouldnt be here.

Vocatus atque non vocatus, Deus aderit are the woids C.G. Jung had chiseled into his stone lintel in Switzerland,which mean, freely tninslated. that you will eventually fmdGod whether you want to or not. If you want to (even if youdon't happen to believe he exists) all you have to do is tindsome quiet place, be quiet inside yourself, and ask Him to letyou fmd Him (or Him you). As far as I know, it is a prayerthat is always answered.

'EOTHA ARMSTRONG, at the age of six, was sent to aCatholic grammar school in her Harlem neigliborliood. Thefollowing year Dee decided .she wanted to make her FirstCommunion along with ¡ler clcissmates. One of the nuns toldiier this might prove difficult since her parents might notapprove. So Dee decided to ask her parents to becomeCatholic. 'But you're only eight years old!" said the nun."But what's tiie problem?" replied Dee, "God is God allover.' " Thus began a process which led to Dee (and eventu-ally iier parents} joining the Catholic Churrk

Usually, when there's a problem in your life you're lookingfor some sort of help, some kind of connection, because it'sa heavy burden. And I always fee! you should be ahie to godirectly to God. Because, first of all. he made you. so heknows you better than anybtxly. He loves you. And all he isdoing is waiting for you to ask him.

Now. he's not a fast person, he is a sure person. Swiftnessis not his best thing. So you have to realize that when youask him to help you it will not be done in the next breath.Sometimes it is, but nine times out often it will be done inhis time, not your time. But you have to have that faith toknow that he will come to your rescue. Regardless of what itis. It could be something as simple as looking for ashoestring. You're in your house lo<iking for thai shoestringand saying, "God, where is that .shoestring?" And you kmkup and down and say, "Look, Lord, you know where it is.Help me out. I need this!" And sure enough, you find it. Youcan say. "Oh. it was here all the time," but hey, did he comethrough?

When it comes to looking for God. if you even don't

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know what to look for, I would say that you're looking forpeace of mind. Here's a situation: After working for aninsurance company for 31 years I was fired. 1 was devastat-ed. You know. 31 years of your life, and then someone callsyou in one afternoon and says, "You no longer work here!"What?

At that point you're really in a dilemma. You know thatthis is your livelihtxxl. Whatare you going to do? Whocan you turn to?

When the man was ftringtne I said. "I can't believethis is true, but I don'tbelieve God will allow youto close this door—which ismy bread and butter—unless he had another doorto open. So, knowing that hemust have another door, andit has to be better than thisafter 31 years, I will leaveand walk out of here know-ing thai he must have some-thing else better for me."And. of course, he thought,"Oh yeah, that's a beautifuloutlook." but I was serious.

True, I'm blessed becauseI know I can turn to God.But let's say you don't evenknow if he exists or not. OK?Now. if someone approachesme, and people have aftersomething drastic happens,and says. "What am I goingto do?" I'd say, first of all,you have to just sit yourselfdown and get yourself together And the only person whoknows you better than anybody is God, whether youbelieve it or not. Remember, you would not be in thisworld if he didn't make you. So you would go to theCreator It's just like if you wanted a dress you'd go to thedressmaker, if you wanted your hair done you'd go to thehairdresser. So let's go to the beginning of this situation:Let's go to God.

Now, what do you say when you get there? You justspeak on the situation. Not that he doesn't know the situa-tion! He is well aware of the situation. Bui you need tovoice it and let it come out of you. You need to say. "God,I am in trouble, I need some help. Please help me." Now. Iwas once told by a priest—and it's good advice—thatwhen you're in big trouble sometimes you don't knowhow to pray, but "Lord, have tnercy" is more than suffi-cient.

You know, you wouldn't be here without God. If Goddidn't breathe life into your mother's womb, well, believeme. you wouldn't be here. So let's go back to him. Just say.

Chris Erickson. "From the planting of the seeds through theharvesting of the grain, I see God's plan at work all the time. "

"Lond, I'm in trouble. I don't know you, I don't know aboutyou, but can you help me? And above all if you just help methrough. I will try to learn about you." Believe me. he hearsthat. Now, like I said, sometimes it doesn't work overnight,but more than likely he will get to you. and you will see achange of some sort, and that will encourage you on thisroad that you have started down.

. ] I \ . ON HANSEN is theauthor of the novels Mari-ette in Ecstasy, about thereligious experiences of ayoung nun, and the recentAtticus. His short storiesare collected in a volumeentitled Nebraska. Mr.Hansen, who recently mar-ried, is the Gerard ManleyHopkins Professor ofCreative Writing at SantaClara University in Calif-ornia.

The first and foremostway of finding God for me isin the Eucharist and in othersacraments and rites. Medi-tation on scripture, especial-ly the psalms and the gospelaccounts of the public min-istry of Jesus, has oftenafforded me overpoweringexperiences of God's abid-ing presence, mercy, andlove. Retreats, when I can bealone and silent tor a while.

have been wonderful occasions for getting rid of the turbu-lence and chatter that interfere with God's efforts at commu-nication. I have profited from using as intermediaries inprayer holy people who have died—Thérèse of Lisieux.Thomas Merton, or Gerard Manley Hopkins—when I needa human face and life to focus on. and 1 also try to hear andsee God in friends and family, and to look for the glorioussigns of the Holy Being in nature and the sea. And finallywhen I write and I have no idea of the origin of a particularscene or image I like to presume that the Creator is using meas an instrument, and i am humbled, grateful, and thrilled.

HELEN PREJEAN, C.S.J., is the bestsellingauthor r?/ Dead Man Walking, a book about her experiencesin prison ministry, which was made into a movie of the sameneme in 1996. Sister Helen, who has written and lecturedextensively about prison ministry, the death penalty andother social justice issues, is a member of the Sisters of St.Joseph of Medaille, and lives in Métairie, Louisiana.

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The most direct road that i have found to God is in thefaces of poor and struggling people. For me. it was just theconnection with people in the St. Thomas housing projects,then with people on death row and in prison, and then withthe muider victims' fiuniiies.

I was fotly years old before I realized the connectionbetween the Jesus who had said, "I was in prison itnd youcame to me. I was hungry and you gave me to eat," betweenthat and the real-life experience of being in situations where1 was actually with people who werehungry and people who were in prisonand people who were struggling with theracism that penneates this society. Andit was like the feeling of coming home.Finding God was like coming home,because you just say. "Where have Ibeen all my life?"

I remember being in a homeless shel-ter—a food kitchen. My job was toserve the red Kool-Aid at the beginningof the line when people came for a meal.It was tlie first conscious act that 1 didwhere I needed to be in touch with poorand sttaiggling people. This young mancame up, a beautiful kid. he looked likeMr. Joe College. He was handsome,with blond hair and blue eyes, and hishand was shaking as he handed me thecup. And he whispered. "You have tohelp me, it's my first time here." Thetears welled up in my eyes just frombeing touched. 1 was thinking. "MyGod, what is this young guy doin^here?" It draws out of you this tremen-dous energy and gifts that you don'teven know that you have.

Jean Kennedysearch for God is, ¡a better humanity.

My image of finding God is that our little boats arealways on the river. We often are in a stall, and we wait £mdnothing moves, and everything seems the same in life. Butwhen we get involved in a situation like this—for me it wasto be involved with poor people—it's like our boat begins tomove on this current. The wind starts whistling through ourhair and the energy and life is there. And that brought mestraight into the execution chamber. You see. it was veryquick from getting involved with poor people in the St,Thomas housing projects to writing to a man on death row.to visiting a man on death row, and then being there for himat the end. because he had no one to be there with him. Andthat experience of being there with him, it's really life upagainst it: It's life or death, it's compassion or vengeance.All life is just distilled to its essence.

In that situation, I experienced a tremendous strength andpresence of God. that God was in this man that societyw;uited to throw away and kill. And the words of Jesus that"the last will be first," came home to me. That is what thosewords meant: that God dwells in the people in the communi-ty that we most want to throw away. It's what builds the

human family and human community. Because what makesthings like the death penalty possible, what makes thingslike the racistn that continues in our society, the oppressionof the poor, is that there's this disconnection with people.

To me. to fmd God is to find the whole human family. Noone can be disconnected from us. Which is ¿mother way oftalking about the Body of Christ. That we are all part of thistogether.

I feel tliat everybody needs to be in contact with pot r peo-ple. That in fact, as Jim Wallis ofSojoumei s Magazine has said, we needto accept that one of the spiritual disci-plines—;just like reading the Scripturesand praying and liturgy—is physicalcontact with the poor. It's an essentialingredient. If we are never in their pres-ence, if we never eat with them, if wenever hear their stories, if we are alwaysseparated from them, then I think some-thing really vital is missing.

The other thing I would want to addto the whole question of finding God isthe joumey wherever it takes us—to tneit has been to the poor and the strug-gling—must be coupled with u retlec-tion and a centeredness that cotnes fromprayer and meditation. It's very impor-tant to assimilate what's happening inour lives. I find that I can't function if 1don't have that sense of being at thecenter of myselí" and in the soul of mysoul, so that I am truly operating fromthe inside out. And it's important to bevery seit-directed, because it is so possi-ble to be caught on other people'seddies in the river and to get into a stim-

ulus/response type ofthing. It's so possible not even to real-ize that we are really moved by other people's vision of life,other people's insights, other people's agendas and just tobe caught on one current to another, that we have no rudderon our own boat.

When you hit something big like this, and you know thatit's bigger than you—like working for justice in the world,or trying to connect faith with going against powerful andentrenched systems—you have this sense of "Yes. I amdoing my part." But then you also need to be able to put itdown and let God run the universe, so you can play a clar-inet or be with your friends or work in a garden.

To be whole is vety important. Wholeness. I think, is partof godliness. I don't think it's cleanliness anymore that'snext to godliness. I think it's wholeness! To have a well-rounded life. To have a good intellectual life, where you'rereading and thinking and discussing. To have a strong emo-tional life where you can give and receive intimacy withpeople. To develop friendships like a garden. Becausethere's just no room for these Lone Rangers who go and tryto save the world by themselves! D

Smith. "Ourthink, a search for

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