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Words to Know Checking Account: An account in which deposited money can be withdrawn
at any time by writing a check
Savings Account: An account in which customers receive interest based on how much money they have deposited
Certificate of Deposit (CD): Timed deposit that states the amount of the deposit, maturity, and rate of being paid
Banking Services Banks are started by investors:
Pool financial investments Money Property Certificates of deposits
Provide banking services to community
Some of this money goes to expenses: Rent Supplies Salaries
Banks need depositors to survive
Accepting Deposits Attracting Customers:
Checking accounts: Money doesn’t stay here for long:
Pay expenses
Savings accounts: Money usually stays in here for long
periods of time Gain interest Longer in the bank more money you
make
Attracting Deposits cont. CD’s:
Loan to the bank for a specific time
Bank pays interest during this time
Time ends, customer can claim the money
Penalties if money taken out before time ends
Higher rates on CD’s than savings accounts
Making Loans A main activity of banks:
Lending money to businesses and consumers
Loans increase supply of money Money in circulation grows
Changes in the Banking Industry In the beginning (1800’s):
State banks issued their own currency: Printed notes at printing shops
People who needed loans borrowed notes and paid them back with interest
Federal Govt. did not print currency until Civil War: Most of money supply was paper
currency that was privately owned, state-bank issued
The National Banking Act 1863: Congress passes act
Created dual banking system: Banks could have either state or
federal charter
Federal charter private banks: Issued national bank notes
(national currency) Backed by govt.
The Federal Reserve Serves as the nation’s central bank:
Power to regulate national banks Control the growth of money
supply
1914-began issuing paper money: Called Federal Reserve Notes Became the major form of
currency in circulation
The Great Depression 1930’s:
Severely hurt banking industry Stocks and investments owned by banks lost
much of their value Bankrupt businesses and individuals unable to
pay off loans Thousands of banks collapsed President F.D. Roosevelt:
Declared a “bank holiday”: Closed all banks Could re-open when proved to be
financially sound
Congress passed the Glass-Steagall Banking Act: Creation of FDIC
The Savings and Loans Crisis 1970’s:
Most financial institutions were begging for relief from federal regulations: Because of the Great Depression
Congress began deregulation: Relaxing restrictions on activities
The Savings and Loans Crisis cont. 1982:
Congress decided to allow S&Ls to make high-risk loans and investments Investments went bad:
Hundreds of S&Ls failed Insured by Federal Govt.:
Govt. saddled with debt Cost tax payers approximately $200 billion FDIC took over regulation