Migration to Gigabit Ethe

How? and Why?

Stuart M

cRobert

Netw

orked System

s Architect

Imperial C

ollege, London

sm@

doc.ic.ac.uk

' Copyrig

ht 1998, 1999 Stuart M

cRobert. A

ll Rights R

eserved. All tradem

arks acknowledged

Som

e figures and material kindly provided by E

xtreme N

etworks in the U

K, used w

ith their permission

1 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Introduction

vP

erhaps easier to do the why before the h

ow

vE

ver increasing requirements &

user expectationsv

Gigabit E

thernet — a very quick introduction

vO

ur experiencesv

Before and after

v D

oes it work? Y

es!

vE

ase of integrationv

Product exam

ples

vO

perational stabilityv

Success

expansion

vT

he Future

vLA

N, C

ampus, M

AN

, WA

N, T

he world

v10 G

igabit Ethernet

2 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Background

vIncrease in netw

ork trafficv

Increase in CP

U pow

erv

Especially at the desktop

vLow

er costsv

Change in netw

ork profile, the web

vH

igher expectationsv

New

products

3 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Users Computers

vU

sers D

esktops and Laptopsv

Significant perform

ance improvem

entsv

Alw

ays faster CP

Us

vIO

capability enhancedv

Plenty of m

emory and local disk space

vLow

er costs, faster systems, happier users?

vLow

cost of 10/100 UT

P E

thernet NIC

s makes

Fast E

thernet to the desktop the desired norm

4 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Changing Traffic Profi

vO

nly a few years ago

vC

lient Server traffic dom

inated the LAN

vF

or example, lots of local N

FS

traffic

vS

mall low

power system

s, perhaps disklessv

The 80/20

rule, about 80% of the traffic local

vT

odayv

The W

WW

has significantly changed trafficprofiles and the w

ay people work

vC

oupled with high pow

er user systems

v80/20 ⇒

60/40 ⇒ 50/50 ⇒

40/60 ⇒ 20/80

5 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Work Groups

vU

sers quick to upgrade their own system

sv

Faster system

s, desktop and/or laptopv

Desire for faster netw

orkingv

May buy them

selves a local (cheap) switch

vC

entral services, (much) slow

er to changev

Core netw

orks still 10 Mbit/s shared E

thernet?v

Collisions supposed to be a rarity not the norm

!

6 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

The Problem

vT

raffic volumes, significant increase &

risingv

More faster pow

er users

vW

eb traffic is graphical — so m

uch more data

vR

elatively long download tim

es vs data life ofm

aybe just a few seconds, until the next click

vW

eb caches help

vT

raffic is no longer just localv

Outside the local w

orkgroup, Intranet, Internet

7 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Your Problem

vS

low overloaded local netw

orks?v

Users blam

e poor networking for everything

vS

o convenient, but hard to prove otherwise

vN

eed to improve the netw

orkv

Keep disruption to a m

inimum

vF

rom Not me first!

to Please upgrade me

vP

lan Plan and P

lan againv

Try it first, m

ake sure it does what you think

8 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Earlier Solutio

vO

nly just over a year ago probably considerv

Ethernet at the edge

vA

TM

at the corev

Unless you w

ant AT

M perform

ance to the desktop!?

vO

ne (perhaps 2) dedicated routers on a stickv

Sm

all number of V

LAN

s

vM

oderately complex solution

vR

emem

ber the golden rule — keep it simpl

9 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Hardware Advances

vLot of w

ork can now be done in hardw

arev

AS

ICs for w

ire speed switching

vA

SIC

s for wire speed IP

routingv

AS

ICs for both, all at true w

ire speed

vC

ost reductions with perform

anceenhancem

entsv

Introduces new products and possible

solutionsv

Softw

are still has an important role to play

10 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Newer Solutions

vE

thernet, Fast E

thernet, Gigabit E

thernetv

All one happy fam

ily of Ethernet

vW

ire speed switching

vD

elivers true network bandw

idth

vW

ire speed IP routing

vIP

routing can now be fast, efficient, &

plentiful

vC

an now deliver low

latency wire speed

switching and IP

routing to the desktop

11 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Gigabit Ethernet Topi

vO

verviewv

Physical Layer

vS

tandards Sum

mary

vS

witch features, V

LAN

s, Tags, Q

oS,

Redundant Links

vC

onfiguration and managem

entv

Sum

mary

12 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Gigabit Ethernet Overview

vE

volution without revolution

vB

ased on success of Ethernet, builds on

vS

hift away from

shared to dedicated media

vF

rom shared coaxial cable to star w

iring with a

dedicated cable for each device, e.g. 10 BA

SE

-T

vS

hift towards dedicated bandw

idthv

Full D

uplex Ethernet, since no longer a shared

media, can do aw

ay with C

SM

A/C

D controls

13 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Gigabit Ethernet Overview

vE

thernet Flow

Control, provides explicit

control for the flow of data, developed as

part of Full D

uplex Ethernet

vA

llows sw

itches to avoid unnecessary packetloss w

hen buffers run low, m

ore likely at higherspeeds

vR

educes costs, use less mem

ory

vA

utomatic Link C

onfiguration, first seen with

Fast E

thernet over UT

Pv

Media independence, e.g. copper and fiber

14 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Gigabit Ethernet Overview

vIt is E

thernet, just much faster

vC

ompatible w

ith existing 10/100 Mbps

Ethernet

vH

ence half duplex support had to bedefinedv

Collisions and their detection

vP

hysics of the problemv

Keep it standard

vF

ull duplex, point to point dedicated links,easy

15 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Gigabit Ethernet Topi

vO

verviewv

Physical Layer

vS

tandards Sum

mary

vS

witch features, V

LAN

s, Tags, Q

oS,

Redundant Links

vC

onfiguration and managem

entv

Sum

mary

16 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Physical Layer

vF

iber optics and copper cablesv

Cover key item

s, fairly high levelv

Various fiber types and link distances

vT

hings to know about

v1000 B

AS

E-X

adapted Fiber C

hannelphysical layer design, w

ith a speed increasefrom

1.0625 Gbaud to 1.250 G

baud

17 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Standards for Physical Medi

vIE

EE

802.3z covers support forv

1000 BA

SE

-SX

multi-m

ode fiber horizontalv

1000 BA

SE

-LX m

ulti-mode fiber backbone

v1000 B

AS

E-LX

single-mode fiber backbone

v1000 B

AS

E-C

X fairly short distance copper

vIE

EE

802.3ab copper to the desktopv

4 pair Category 5 w

ith RJ45 connectors

18 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Fiber Link Lengths —

Wave-

length Fiber Fiber Type

µm

Bandwidth

MHz.km

Distance

m

SX

MMF

50

400

500

SX

MMF

50

500

550

SX

MMF

62.5

160

220

SX

MMF

62.5

200

275

19 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Fiber Link Lengths —

Wave-

length Fiber Fiber Type

µm

Bandwidth

MHz.km

Distance

m

LX

MMF

50

400

550

LX

MMF

50

500

550

LX

MMF

62.5

500

550

LX

MMF

62.5

500

550

LX

SMF

8-10

5000

20 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

1000 BASE-SX

vS

X —

Short w

avelength lightv

Typically 850 nm

(770-860) visible lightv

Cost effective, m

ost often used in the LAN

vG

igabit speeds require lasers not LED

s

vW

orks over various grades of fiber opticsv

50 µm and 62.5 µm

MM

F only

vR

eally designed to work w

ith what w

e havev

Often use M

MF

in the LAN

21 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

1000 BASE-LX

vLX

— Long w

avelength lightv

1300 nm (1270-1355) infrared light

vP

rimarily used w

ith single mode fiber, but can

be used with m

ulti mode fiber too

vLonger distances, e.g. cross cam

pusv

From

long distance telecomm

unication lasers

vA

gain works over various grades of fiber

opticsv

50 µm and 62.5 µm

MM

F, also 10 µm

SM

F

22 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Fiber Optic Connecto

vS

tandard specifies one optical-fiber connectorv

Duplex S

Cv

Very com

mon and also used for 100B

AS

E-F

X

vIndustry w

ould like something

vH

alf the size of the SC

, about RJ45 size

vC

heaper, yet still high performance

vT

he new M

T-R

J connector, multi vendor support

vT

here are other competing products, e.g. from

3M

23 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

1000 BASE-T

vC

opper to the desktopv

4 pairs of UT

P C

ategory 5 cable to 100mv

Bi-directional transm

ission over all 4 pairsv

i.e. transmitting in both directions at once

v250 M

bps per pairv

Full and half duplex supported

vIE

EE

802.3ab, June 1999v

Successful interoperability trials, S

ept 1999v

Products already announced, m

any early 200024 M

igration to Gigabit E

thernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

Gigabit Ethernet Topi

vO

verviewv

Physical Layer

vS

tandards Sum

mary

vS

witch features, V

LAN

s, Tags, Q

oS,

Redundant Links

vC

onfiguration and managem

entv

Sum

mary

25 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Standards Summary

v802.3 E

thernetv

802.3x Full duplex &

link based flow control

v802.3z G

igabit Ethernet

v1000 B

AS

E-LX

, SX

, CX

v802.3ab G

igabit over UT

P 1000 B

AS

E-T

v802.3ac P

riority and VLA

N tagging

vE

thernet support for 802.1p and 802.1Q

v802.3ad Link aggregation and trunking

v802.3ae future 10-G

igabit Ethernet!

26 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Gigabit Ethernet Topi

vO

verviewv

Physical Layer

vS

tandards Sum

mary

vS

witch features, V

LAN

s, Tags, Q

oS,

Redundant Links

vC

onfiguration and managem

entv

Sum

mary

27 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Switches

vM

ove from shared to dedicated LA

Ns

vIm

portant — not all sw

itches are equal!v

Term

s like workgroup sw

itch, core switch

vP

rice, marketing, advances in technology

vA

pplication Specific Integrated C

ircuits —A

SIC

sv

May use com

mon chip set, m

emory helps

vW

ire speed forwarding not alw

ays deliveredor even claim

ed, e.g.

28 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

80% Load

100% Load

64256

151864

2561518 B

ytes

A 0

0 0

27.226.9

26.7

B 0

0 0

0 0

0

C 0

0 0

28.128.2

27.1

D56.5

41.934.5

65.254.0

48.4

E29.5

22.023.2

44.340.5

41.6

Source: IT

Week Labs, IT

Week, 24 A

ugust 1998

Managed 8 Port Switche

Dropped Frames

29 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

80% Load

100% Load

64256

1518 64

2561518 B

ytesF

22.112.0

12.038.2

32.533.5

G23.7

12.111.0

39.132.2

33.1H

21.310.5

10.337.5

31.132.2

I23.5

11.910.4

39.032.1

32.9J

22.112.0

12.038.2

32.533.5

K<0.1

0 0

27.527.1

26.7S

ource: IT W

eek Labs, IT W

eek, 24 August 1998

Unmanaged 8 Port Switche

Dropped Frames

30 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Performance

vU

nmanaged sw

itchesv

Generally perform

ed worse than m

anagedv

But usually cheaper

vS

elect with care

vB

ig impact on netw

ork performance

vC

ost not always a good guide

vS

eek a few independent benchm

ark results

31 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Price Performance

vB

usiness Com

munications R

eviewv

Layer 3 Sw

itches — R

eady to Route O

ctober1998

http://ww

w.bcr.com

/bcrmag/10/oct98p34.htm

l

Included by permission of B

CR

32 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

' 1998, B

CR

Enterprises, Inc

33 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Virtual LANs —

vA

virtual LAN

(VLA

N) is a logical grouping

rather than a physical one based onnetw

ork topologyv

Different w

ays to create the VLA

Ngroupings, e.g.v

Port based —

simple to achieve and based

entirely on the switch port of attachm

entv

Address based —

support multiple VLA

Ns on a

physical port, depending on the address ofeach device connected to the port

34 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Virtual LANs —

vP

rotocol based — single device can be a

mem

ber of multiple V

LAN

s depending on theprotocol used, e.g. IP

, IPX

, AppleT

alk, etc.

vS

witches often support one or m

ore ofthese m

ethodsv

IP netw

orking with each subnet as a V

LAN

,port based, plus 802.1Q

tagging on Gigabit

up links

35 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Virtual LANs —

vLike to use V

LAN

s with IP

subnetsv

Multiple LA

Ns over the sam

e piece ofm

ediav

Need for tagging, but a very flexible solution

vS

tandard brings interoperabilityv

Early to m

arket products may be non-

standardv

Som

e switches support m

ultiple VLA

N types

36 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Extreme Networks VLAN Creatio

vV

LAN

web interface

vC

reation, deletion and configurationv

Configuration fields includev

Nam

ev

Tag ID

v P

ortsv

IP address

v Q

oSv

Packet filtering

v S

panning Tree

v T

ag or untagged

vP

acket filtering allows for the selection of

specific Ethernet packet types into the

VLA

N37 M

igration to Gigabit E

thernet — H

ow? and W

hy?U

KU

UG

Winter C

onference, 13-14 Decem

ber 1999, Queen

s College, C

ambridge

38 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

39 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

802.1Q Tagging

vE

thernet packets can bev

Untagged

— Just as norm

alv

Tagged

— E

xtra 802.1Q tag included

vA

llows m

ultiple LAN

s e.g. IP subnets to

travel together over the same physical link

vP

re-standard tagging and VLA

Ns

vA

gain switches supporting m

ultiple types existv

Protect your earlier investm

ent, but fast moving

40 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Example

vT

wo sub-nets w

ith corresponding VLA

Ns

vA

ssign tag number to each V

LAN

vG

igabit uplink carries both sub-nets, usingtagged portsv

128.128.5.xxx5-net

tag 5v

128.128. 8.xxx8-net

tag 8

vT

raffic stays within its ow

n VLA

Nv

Just as if on its own physical cable

41 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

QoS — Quality of Serv

vM

any QoS

standards and solutions exist,includingv

802.1P priority tag v

CB

Q (class based queuing)

vF

rame R

elay v

IP precedence (type of service bits)

vR

SV

P (resource reservation protocol)

vS

BM

(subnet bandwidth m

anager) v A

TM

vT

CP

window

manipulation

v T

oken Ring

vW

FQ

(weighted fair queuing), etc

vS

ome G

igabit Ethernet sw

itches provide QoS

ve.g. P

olicy based Quality of S

ervice

42 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Explicit and Implicit

vE

xplicit QoS

vE

nd-station initiatedv

Require application changes

vIE

EE

802.1p/Q, IE

TF

s RS

VP

vA

pplications control

vIm

plicit QoS

vN

o changes to end-station applicationsv

Policies centrally set by the netw

ork manager

vN

etwork m

anager controls

43 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Traffic Groups

Physical port

802.1p or 802.1Q

MA

C address

TC

P/U

DP

session (W

ell-known port num

bers) R

SV

P flow

Subnet or IP

addressP

rotocol (IP, IP

X, S

NA

)

VLA

N

Relative priority

Minim

um bandw

idth

Maxim

um bandw

idth

Peak bandw

idth

Maxim

um delay

QoS Profiles

Policy = Traffic Group +

QoS Profile

1 2 3 4OSI Layer

Policy-Based Quality of Ser

44 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

QoS — Quality of Service

vA

TM

has extensive QoS

vB

een developed over time

vS

ome G

igabit Ethernet sw

itches offer QoS

vG

enerally not as extensive

vC

an be useful for, say, video streams or

sound traffic, desire low latency and avoid

disturbance from other less tim

e criticaltraffic, e.g. the W

WW

45 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

QoS — Quality of Service

vE

xample from

Extrem

e Netw

orks Sum

mit

switch

v4 Q

oS profiles handled in the hardw

arev

Low, norm

al, medium

, high priority

vE

ach VLA

N placed into a profile

vP

rotocol filtering can apply to VLA

N m

embership

vS

et minim

um and m

aximum

bandwidth for each

profile

46 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

QoS Configuration

vV

ery easy to configure and use if requiredv

Minim

um &

maxim

um bandw

idth per VLA

Nv

Four profiles available on this sw

itchv

Supported in the hardw

are design

47 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

48 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Redundant Gigabit Link

vR

edundant Gigabit links

vS

ome sw

itches support redundant linksv

Should the m

ain link failv

Autom

atically changes over to the backup linkv

Often labelled as e.g. port 1 and 1Rv

But only one port ever w

orks at any single time

vC

hangeover in typically less than a secondv

Much better than S

panning Tree (avoid!)

49 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Redundant Link Examples

Norm

al Link

Redundant Link

Broken Link

50 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Redundant Link Examples

Norm

al Link

Redundant Link

Broken Link

Reduces the num

ber ofredundant links requiredback to the centralcore sw

itch

51 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Gigabit Ethernet Topi

vO

verviewv

Physical Layer

vS

tandards Sum

mary

vS

witch features, V

LAN

s, Tags, Q

oS,

Redundant Links

vC

onfiguration and managem

entv

Sum

mary

52 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Command Line Interface —

vC

onsole serial portsv

Out of band access, useful w

hen it all goes...

vT

elnetv

Online help

vD

ebug switch configuration

vC

omm

and history and editingv

Com

plexity — how

convenient is it to use?

53 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Command Line Interface —

vS

criptingv

Cut and paste generated configuration

vD

ownload configurations

vU

ploadv

Make backups of your sw

itch configurationsv

Kind of im

portant to your network and users

54 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge

Command Line Interface —

vV

ery easy to usev

Com

mand com

pletion via tab keyv

Option prom

pting and extensive online helpv

Com

mand history and editing

vE

xample, show

port configuration

55 Migration to G

igabit Ethernet —

How

? and Why?

UK

UU

G W

inter Conference, 13-14 D

ecember 1999, Q

ueens C

ollege, Cam

bridge