Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU

New ITU Directions in the field of ICT for Innovation

International Telecommunication Union

Waseda University Symposium, 23 March 2007

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1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine

between Washington and Baltimore17 May 1865 Foundation of the “International Telegraph Union” with the

adoption of the “First International Telegraph Convention”1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone1906 First “International Radiotelegraph Convention” signed1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative

Committee)1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative

Committee)1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative

Committee)1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes

name toInternational Telecommunication Union

1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International

Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:

ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD

ITU Landmarks

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Telegraph: Morse Code telegraph telex (wireless) (wired + wireless)

Telephone: analogue digital IP Telephony

Network Switch: manual, automatic (mechanic), SPC (circuit switch, packet switch),ISDN/B-ISDN, TMN, NGN

Data: PSS, connectionless, internet

Transmission: cable, submarine cable, optical fibre, microwave, radio; broadband, PCM, DSL, LAN, DWDM, CWDM, TDM, SDH, FR, ADPCM, OTN, PON, GPON

Coding: Voice coding, fax coding, still image coding, moving image coding (MPEG)

TV: black and white, colour, high definition TV, digital TV, Cable TV, IPTV

Mobile/cellular: analogue, digital (GSM, CDMA), IMT-2000 (3G), Mobile TV

Radio: SOS, VHF/UHF, LF/MF broadcasting, satellite, space communications

Languages: CHILL, TTCN, ASN.1, etc.

Other areas: QoS, security, numbering and addressing, tariff and accounting, etc.

New topics:

LAN, WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMax, ENUM, IPv6, Universal access, Multilingual internet

Home networking , IPTV, RFID

also

Spam, virus, phishing, hackers, …

Telecommunications evolution

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Competing TechnologiesRelative speeds (in Mbit/s)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

GPRSCDMA 2000 1x EV-DOCDMA 2000 1x EV-DV

WCDMA (HSDPA)

(Wi-Fi) 802.11b802.11g802.11a

ADSLVDSL

Fibre-to-the-homeFixed

WLAN

Mobile

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The trade-off between mobility and speed

high-speed

high-mobility

low-mobility

low-speed

- xDSL- FTTH - Wi-Fi

- 2G, e.g. GSM - 2.5G- early 3G

Mobile Broadband: 3G + Mobile-Fi? WiMax ?

Body/personalarea networks

e.g .- RFID

- Zigbee

still largely untapped markets !

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25 years of policy & regulatory reform

~25 years ago, AT&T formally agreed to the break-up of Bell system;

about 10 years ago, in concluding the WTO basic telecoms agreement, some 80 countries have committed to telecoms market liberalization;

Now, 145 independent regulators established;Countries with privatized operators and some degree of

competition are now in majority among ITU 191 Member States.

Many new comers, ISPs joined the markets

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Mega-internet service providers like Google, MSN, eBay and Yahoo

strong brands, deep pockets entering audiovisual content business

- Most internet traffic will be video in a few years entering voice markets and some infrastructure

provisioning

New players

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Anytime, Anywhere, by Anything and Anyone

A ubiquitous network society is a society where it is possible to seamlessly connect “anytime, anywhere, by anything and anyone”, and to exchange a wide range of information by means of accessible, affordable and user friendly devices and services. … It will support the design and realization of a people-centered information society, where the secure and reliable flow of information will be ensured.

Chairman’s Report, WSIS Thematic Meeting on “Ubiquitous Networks Societies”, Tokyo, 16-17 May 2005, Para 4.

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A new ubiquity for technology…Marc Weiser’s vision: dedicated IT devices

will eventually disappear, while information processing capabilities will be increasingly available

Ubiquity refers to unobtrusive connectivity anytime and anywhere, by anyone …Extending connectivity to the underservedEarly example: reaching two billion mobile

phones in 2005

… but also by anything Creating a “network of things”

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Four key technological enablers

Tagging Things: RFID enabling real-time identification and tracking

Sensing Things: Sensor technologies enabling detection of environmental status and sensory

information

Thinking Things: Smart technologies building intelligence into the edges of the network enabling smart homes, smart vehicles etc

Shrinking Things: Nanotechnology making possible the “networking” of smaller and smaller

objects (more powerful?!)

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Characteristics of 21st Century Networks

High-speed, high-capacityInterchangeably fixed or mobileDiffering ranges for different networksEach household or office may have dozens of

devices and sensors connectedBillions of objects will have RFID chipsFlat-rate pricing models will be dominantOptions to pay for premium content, extra

security etc

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Recent developments in ITU work on innovation (I)

2003: Study Group Question on Telecoms for Disaster Relief launched

2004: NGN Focus Group established, for smooth transition from PSTN to IP

2004: Study Group Question on Distributed Speech Recognition (DSR) and Distributed Speaker Verification (DSV) launched

Feb 2006: Work begins on RFIDApril 2006: IPTV Focus Group formedMay 2006: VDSL2 standards establishedJune 2006: Regional Radio Conference establishes

transition plan for digital broadcasting

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November 2006: PP-06 Resolution 133 continues work on internationalised domain names

January 2007: ITU-T and Universities workshopJanuary 2007: New Initiatives workshop on “Future of

Voice”January 2007: Workshop on “Market mechanisms for

spectrum management”February 2007: Focus Group on Identity Management

formedFebruary 2007: Study Group 2 discusses numbering

allocation for Child HelpLine Int’lMarch 2007: Fully-networked car workshop (during

Geneva car show)

Recent developments in ITU

work on innovation (Cont’d)

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Recent developments in ITU work: Focus on Cybersecurity

July 2004: ITU hosts WSIS Thematic Meeting on combating spam

Nov 2005: ITU nominated by WSIS as coordinator for action line C5 (Cybersecurity)

May 2006: “Partnerships in Global Cybersecurity” launched following May 15-16 meeting

May 2006: Cybersecurity gateway launched (www.itu.int/cybersecurity)

October 2006: ITU joins “Stop Spam Alliance” with other international organisations

Nov 2006: PP-06 identifies cybersecurity as a high priority work item in Res 130

May 2007: Second C5 facilitation meeting to be held, 14-15 May 2007, Geneva

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See you in ITU, GenevaThank you

Houlin ZhaoITU Deputy Secretary-Generaldsg@itu.intTel: +41 22 730 5595Fax: +41 22 730 5137