Horticulture CD Unit C3-3: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening

Horticulture CDHorticulture CD

Unit C3-3:Unit C3-3:

Nursery, Landscaping, and Nursery, Landscaping, and GardeningGardening

Problem Area 3. Problem Area 3.

Landscape InstallationLandscape Installation

Lesson 3. Lesson 3.

Installing Woody Landscape Installing Woody Landscape Plants, Ground Covers, Plants, Ground Covers, Perennials, and AnnualsPerennials, and Annuals

Interest ApproachInterest Approach

What will needed to be taken into What will needed to be taken into consideration when doing a consideration when doing a landscape installation project? landscape installation project?

Do your classmates agree with your Do your classmates agree with your list?list?

Student Learning ObjectivesStudent Learning Objectives

1. Identify the different methods of 1. Identify the different methods of harvesting plant materials used by harvesting plant materials used by the nursery trade.the nursery trade.

2. Prepare for planting trees, shrubs, 2. Prepare for planting trees, shrubs, and ground covers.and ground covers.

3. Outline proper planting techniques.3. Outline proper planting techniques.

Student Learning ObjectivesStudent Learning Objectives

4. Describe the methods of planting 4. Describe the methods of planting annuals and perennials.annuals and perennials.

5. Understand the importance of the 5. Understand the importance of the use of mulch, landscape fabric, use of mulch, landscape fabric, antitranspirants, and climate.antitranspirants, and climate.

TermsTerms Annual flowersAnnual flowers AntitranspirantAntitranspirant Balled and burlapped Balled and burlapped

(B&B)(B&B) Bare root (BR)Bare root (BR) Container grownContainer grown Flower bedFlower bed Flower borderFlower border GuyingGuying

Hardy plantHardy plant Herbaceous plantHerbaceous plant Landscape fabricLandscape fabric MulchMulch Perennial flowersPerennial flowers Root circlingRoot circling Soil ballSoil ball StakingStaking Tender plantTender plant

What are the best harvesting methods What are the best harvesting methods for the plant that are being installed?for the plant that are being installed?

I. Plants can be grown many ways for I. Plants can be grown many ways for the commercial nursery trade. the commercial nursery trade. – Choosing the best style of plant Choosing the best style of plant

harvesting is important for getting the harvesting is important for getting the most successful rates of transplant. most successful rates of transplant.


Differences between the growing Differences between the growing styles of herbaceous plants (plants styles of herbaceous plants (plants with non-woody stems which die with non-woody stems which die back to the ground each year) and back to the ground each year) and woody plants (plants with woody woody plants (plants with woody stems) mean that different methods stems) mean that different methods can have distinct advantages. can have distinct advantages.


Many planting plans indicate which Many planting plans indicate which style of plant should be used, but this style of plant should be used, but this is not always true. is not always true.

It is important to know which method It is important to know which method is the best choice for a particular is the best choice for a particular plant specimen. plant specimen.


Commercial growers produce plants Commercial growers produce plants for sale in three basic methods:for sale in three basic methods:– Container grownContainer grown– Balled and burlapped (B&B)Balled and burlapped (B&B)– Bare root (BR)Bare root (BR)

Container GrownContainer Grown A. Container grown plants are grown A. Container grown plants are grown

and sold in containers, typically and sold in containers, typically plastic plant pots.plastic plant pots.– Container grown plants are easy to handle Container grown plants are easy to handle

and move while providing good protection and move while providing good protection for the plant’s roots system. for the plant’s roots system.

– This method is especially suitable for This method is especially suitable for evergreen shrubs, broadleaf evergreens, evergreen shrubs, broadleaf evergreens, some herbaceous shrubs, perennials, and some herbaceous shrubs, perennials, and annuals.annuals.

Balled and BurlappedBalled and Burlapped

B. Balled and burlapped (B&B) plants B. Balled and burlapped (B&B) plants are grown “in the field” and are then are grown “in the field” and are then dug up with the soil ball, which is dug up with the soil ball, which is then wrapped in burlap. then wrapped in burlap. – This method is particularly suitable for This method is particularly suitable for

herbaceous shrubs and larger herbaceous shrubs and larger specimens such as large evergreen or specimens such as large evergreen or woody trees. woody trees.

Balled and BurlappedBalled and Burlapped

Some growers also sell small and Some growers also sell small and medium plants in the B&B method.medium plants in the B&B method.

This traditional method has been This traditional method has been successfully used for centuries.successfully used for centuries.

Bare RootBare Root

C. Bare root (BR) plants are grown C. Bare root (BR) plants are grown “in the field” and are usually “in the field” and are usually harvested when dormant, cleaned to harvested when dormant, cleaned to remove soil, and stored in a cool remove soil, and stored in a cool place. place.

Plants sold in the BR method need to Plants sold in the BR method need to be protected from drying out before be protected from drying out before planting. planting.

Bare RootBare Root

This method is suitable for many This method is suitable for many perennials (especially roses), all perennials (especially roses), all bulbs, and some medium or smaller bulbs, and some medium or smaller herbaceous trees and shrubs. herbaceous trees and shrubs.

Fruit trees are frequently sold BR. Fruit trees are frequently sold BR. Bare root plants are easier to ship Bare root plants are easier to ship

and are lighter in weight, so shipping and are lighter in weight, so shipping costs can be significantly reduced costs can be significantly reduced resulting in a less expensive product.resulting in a less expensive product.

What are the steps to correctly prepare for What are the steps to correctly prepare for planting a tree, shrub, or groundcover?planting a tree, shrub, or groundcover?

II. There are several things which II. There are several things which need to be considered when need to be considered when installing plants, namely:installing plants, namely:– Water requirements, growth rate, Water requirements, growth rate,

hardiness, and nutrient and pH needs. hardiness, and nutrient and pH needs. – Once the growth requirements have Once the growth requirements have

been dealt with, proper planting been dealt with, proper planting technique can make all the difference in technique can make all the difference in the success of the transplant.the success of the transplant.


A. Water requirement refers to the A. Water requirement refers to the amount of water plants need to live amount of water plants need to live and grow well. and grow well. – In addition to traditional styles of landscape In addition to traditional styles of landscape

design which typically have higher water design which typically have higher water requirements, new styles of garden design requirements, new styles of garden design are incorporating native plants or are incorporating native plants or xeriscaping (using drought tolerant plants) to xeriscaping (using drought tolerant plants) to reduce water needs.reduce water needs.


B. Plants grow at different rates and B. Plants grow at different rates and to different sizes. to different sizes.

Good plant design and selection Good plant design and selection takes into account the mature habit takes into account the mature habit of the selected plant material. of the selected plant material.


Trees and shrubs are classified by Trees and shrubs are classified by height and spread. height and spread. – Height is the vertical space needed by Height is the vertical space needed by

a plant.a plant.– Spread is the horizontal space needed, Spread is the horizontal space needed,

or fullness of the canopy. or fullness of the canopy. – Plants should be selected and spaced Plants should be selected and spaced

based on the mature plant’s size.based on the mature plant’s size.


C. Hardiness refers to overall plant C. Hardiness refers to overall plant suitability to a particular climate. suitability to a particular climate. – Some plants with-stand cold or drought Some plants with-stand cold or drought

others do not; others do not; – some plants require full sun, others some plants require full sun, others

need part or full shade;need part or full shade;– some plants can withstand salt or salt some plants can withstand salt or salt

spray, others cannot. spray, others cannot.


Hardiness zones have been developed Hardiness zones have been developed that aid in plant selection based on local that aid in plant selection based on local climate. climate.

There are 11 plant hardiness zones, There are 11 plant hardiness zones, based on minimum temperatures which a based on minimum temperatures which a plant can survive. plant can survive. – When a tree or shrub is assigned a When a tree or shrub is assigned a

hardiness zone rating, it should be able to hardiness zone rating, it should be able to survive the winter in that zone or any zone survive the winter in that zone or any zone having a higher numbered rating. having a higher numbered rating.


A hardy plant is one that can A hardy plant is one that can withstand the climate in which it is withstand the climate in which it is planted, with no special help, to grow planted, with no special help, to grow year after year.year after year.

A tender plant cannot withstand the A tender plant cannot withstand the climate where it is planted without climate where it is planted without special care and protection for harsh special care and protection for harsh weather conditions.weather conditions.


D. Nutrients and pH requirements affect D. Nutrients and pH requirements affect plant growth. plant growth.

Soil analysis determines what is available Soil analysis determines what is available to plants.to plants.

Part of preparing the site for planting Part of preparing the site for planting includes soil testing and consequent soil includes soil testing and consequent soil improvement based upon test results. improvement based upon test results. – Matching plants to the natural nutrients and Matching plants to the natural nutrients and

pH of the site will reduce costs.pH of the site will reduce costs.


E. Plants need to be protected from E. Plants need to be protected from wind burn, sunscald, and desiccation wind burn, sunscald, and desiccation while being transported.while being transported.

Covering trees with tarps or plastic Covering trees with tarps or plastic sheeting when transporting on trucks sheeting when transporting on trucks can significantly increase the can significantly increase the success rate of transplants.success rate of transplants.


F. In most climates, the best time to plant F. In most climates, the best time to plant is in the spring when rainfall is generally is in the spring when rainfall is generally most abundant and plants are entering most abundant and plants are entering their most active growth cycle.their most active growth cycle.– Some plants, namely perennials and woody Some plants, namely perennials and woody

trees, can also be successfully transplanted trees, can also be successfully transplanted in the fall. in the fall.

– If planting must be done in summer, extra If planting must be done in summer, extra care needs to be taken to reduce plant care needs to be taken to reduce plant stress by mulching, watering regularly, and stress by mulching, watering regularly, and possibly even using a sunshield fabric.possibly even using a sunshield fabric.

What is the best way to plant so that the What is the best way to plant so that the specimen has optimal chances for survival?specimen has optimal chances for survival?

III. There are many different ways to III. There are many different ways to successfully plant trees, shrubs, successfully plant trees, shrubs, perennials, and annuals.perennials, and annuals.

Plants are a significant investment of Plants are a significant investment of time and money for the landscaper time and money for the landscaper and property owner. and property owner.


It is important that each plant It is important that each plant receives the best possible installation receives the best possible installation to improve its chances of thriving.to improve its chances of thriving.

Be aware that different employers Be aware that different employers may use different planting methods.may use different planting methods.

The following techniques are The following techniques are common ways to plant, supported by common ways to plant, supported by the latest research.the latest research.


A. When planting B&B trees and shrubs, A. When planting B&B trees and shrubs, the soil ball, the soil surrounding the root the soil ball, the soil surrounding the root system, needs to be protected. system, needs to be protected. – Do not remove the burlap or twine until the Do not remove the burlap or twine until the

final placement of the tree. final placement of the tree. – Always dig the planting hole at least 12" Always dig the planting hole at least 12"

wider than the soil ball to allow space for wider than the soil ball to allow space for future root growth. future root growth.

– The larger the hole the better the chances The larger the hole the better the chances are that the plant will thrive in its new are that the plant will thrive in its new location. location.


The top of the soil ball should be level The top of the soil ball should be level with the surface of the surrounding soil. with the surface of the surrounding soil.

The bottom of the hole should be flat The bottom of the hole should be flat allowing the tree or shrub to be planted at allowing the tree or shrub to be planted at the same depth as it was originally the same depth as it was originally growing. growing. – A plant should never be planted deeper than A plant should never be planted deeper than

it was originally, as this leads to root rot and it was originally, as this leads to root rot and death. death.


Once the hole has been checked Once the hole has been checked against the original plant for size and against the original plant for size and depth, the plant should be carefully depth, the plant should be carefully placed with the burlap and twine placed with the burlap and twine intact. intact. – Handle the plant by the root ball. Handle the plant by the root ball.


Once located, all twine should be Once located, all twine should be removed from around the stem of the removed from around the stem of the plant. plant. – Otherwise, the plant may choke to death as Otherwise, the plant may choke to death as

it grows. it grows. If the burlap is plasticized it should be If the burlap is plasticized it should be

removed completely; if not, it should be removed completely; if not, it should be pulled back from the top of the root ball pulled back from the top of the root ball and tucked down between the soil ball and tucked down between the soil ball and the hole.and the hole.


B. Before planting containerized B. Before planting containerized plants, remove the container by plants, remove the container by inverting the plant, tapping the sides inverting the plant, tapping the sides on a solid surface to release the on a solid surface to release the plant, and then sliding the soil ball plant, and then sliding the soil ball out.out.


Try not to disturb the soil ball if Try not to disturb the soil ball if possible. possible.

Check the plant for root circling. Check the plant for root circling. Root circling is when the roots have Root circling is when the roots have

become too large for the container become too large for the container causing them to grow around the causing them to grow around the outside edge of the pot. outside edge of the pot.


If the plant is rootbound by root circling, If the plant is rootbound by root circling, cut the roots at the edge with a knife, cut the roots at the edge with a knife, spreading them out before planting.spreading them out before planting.– Generally, four or five vertical cuts from the Generally, four or five vertical cuts from the

top to the bottom of the soil ball are top to the bottom of the soil ball are sufficient. sufficient.

– Place the soil ball in the hole and check for Place the soil ball in the hole and check for the proper size and depth. the proper size and depth.

– Position the plant with the best side facing Position the plant with the best side facing toward the main viewing point.toward the main viewing point.


C. Bare root planting follows the same C. Bare root planting follows the same general guidelines as that of container general guidelines as that of container grown plants, with a few differences. grown plants, with a few differences. – Remove the plastic or other wrapping Remove the plastic or other wrapping

material from around the plant’s roots, material from around the plant’s roots, discarding any sawdust, shredded discarding any sawdust, shredded newspaper or plastic. newspaper or plastic.

– If sphagnum is used, it may be retained. If sphagnum is used, it may be retained.


– Dig the hole as deep as the longest Dig the hole as deep as the longest root and at least 12" in diameter.root and at least 12" in diameter.

– The bark or stem of a bare root plant The bark or stem of a bare root plant will usually have a stain marking the will usually have a stain marking the level of the original field height. level of the original field height.

– The tree or shrub should be planted at The tree or shrub should be planted at the same depth as it was growing in the same depth as it was growing in the nursery. the nursery.


Once the hole has been dug, replace some of Once the hole has been dug, replace some of the tilled soil at the bottom center to form a the tilled soil at the bottom center to form a cone. cone.

Rest the plant crown and stem on this cone. Rest the plant crown and stem on this cone. Carefully spread the secondary roots out over Carefully spread the secondary roots out over

the rest of the hole in their natural shape. the rest of the hole in their natural shape. Backfill the hole a few inches, tamping the soil Backfill the hole a few inches, tamping the soil

carefully to remove air pockets. carefully to remove air pockets. Repeat this process until the hole is filled.Repeat this process until the hole is filled.


D. Filling the planting hole is similar D. Filling the planting hole is similar regardless of the type of plant. regardless of the type of plant. – Backfill the hole with loose, loamy soil about Backfill the hole with loose, loamy soil about

half way. half way. – Carefully tamp the soil down to reduce air Carefully tamp the soil down to reduce air

pockets but be careful to be gentle. pockets but be careful to be gentle. – Depending on the size of the tree, you may Depending on the size of the tree, you may

wish to water larger specimens at this point. wish to water larger specimens at this point. – Continue to backfill and tamp. Continue to backfill and tamp.


Once at the original soil levelOnce at the original soil level Shape the loose soil on top to create a large Shape the loose soil on top to create a large

saucer dish. saucer dish. Build a small berm or dam around the outside Build a small berm or dam around the outside

edge of the planting hole using extra soil.edge of the planting hole using extra soil. Fill the saucer with water, letting it slowly wet Fill the saucer with water, letting it slowly wet

the root system and surrounding soil. the root system and surrounding soil. The saucer will help to retain rain or irrigation The saucer will help to retain rain or irrigation

water for use by the tree or shrub.water for use by the tree or shrub.


E. Staking is not necessary for smaller E. Staking is not necessary for smaller trees. trees.

In fact, recent research demonstrates In fact, recent research demonstrates that unstaked plants grow roots for that unstaked plants grow roots for stability in response to wind, so staking stability in response to wind, so staking actually weakens the support system of actually weakens the support system of the tree. the tree. – Medium trees (over 6' in height but less than Medium trees (over 6' in height but less than

12') may need staking due to the loss of 12') may need staking due to the loss of original roots. original roots.


When staking a tree, two or three When staking a tree, two or three long wooden stakes should be driven long wooden stakes should be driven into the ground at the outside edge of into the ground at the outside edge of the plant hole, with a wire attached the plant hole, with a wire attached between the stakes. between the stakes. – The wire should be wrapped to protect The wire should be wrapped to protect

the tree’s bark from damage. the tree’s bark from damage.


Larger trees (over 12' in height) may Larger trees (over 12' in height) may need guying. need guying.

Guying is when cables are attached Guying is when cables are attached to the tree trunk which are in turn to the tree trunk which are in turn anchored to three equally-spaced anchored to three equally-spaced ground stakes.ground stakes.

How should annuals and perennials How should annuals and perennials be installed?be installed?

IV. Annuals and perennials provide a IV. Annuals and perennials provide a colorful, exciting enhancement to any colorful, exciting enhancement to any landscape project.landscape project.

They are relatively inexpensive They are relatively inexpensive compared to most trees and shrubs. compared to most trees and shrubs.

Bright-colored flowers attract the Bright-colored flowers attract the public’s eye, enhancing any setting public’s eye, enhancing any setting when well-designed.when well-designed.


A. Flowers in front of shrubs in a A. Flowers in front of shrubs in a planting bed create a flower border planting bed create a flower border with the shrubs providing a backdrop.with the shrubs providing a backdrop.– A flower bed is a planting that contains A flower bed is a planting that contains

only flowers. only flowers. – Tall growing plants should be placed Tall growing plants should be placed

toward the back of the bed with shorter toward the back of the bed with shorter plants in the foreground.plants in the foreground.


Installing plants in groups of the Installing plants in groups of the same species is visually more same species is visually more appealing than one or two plants appealing than one or two plants haphazardly placed within the design. haphazardly placed within the design.

Flower bed design is more effective if Flower bed design is more effective if kept simple.kept simple.


Annual flowers are plants that geminate Annual flowers are plants that geminate from seed, grow to maturity, flower, and from seed, grow to maturity, flower, and produce seed in one growing season.produce seed in one growing season.– Annuals give the landscape quick color at a Annuals give the landscape quick color at a

reasonable price. reasonable price. – Additionally, most bloom continually Additionally, most bloom continually

throughout the growing season. throughout the growing season. On the negative side, they must be On the negative side, they must be

replaced each year since they die in the replaced each year since they die in the fall.fall.


1. Annuals are easy to plant if the soil 1. Annuals are easy to plant if the soil bed has been well prepared. bed has been well prepared. – The bed should be free of all grass and The bed should be free of all grass and

weeds before planting. weeds before planting. – Organic matter, such as peat moss, Organic matter, such as peat moss,

compost, or manure should be tilled compost, or manure should be tilled into the top 6 inches of soil before into the top 6 inches of soil before planting. planting.


– Be sure to take into consideration the Be sure to take into consideration the growing needs of the plants regarding growing needs of the plants regarding the amount of sunshine, water, soil pH, the amount of sunshine, water, soil pH, etc., needed for optimum growth.etc., needed for optimum growth.


2. Container grown annuals should 2. Container grown annuals should be planted in small holes the size and be planted in small holes the size and depth of the soil ball of their growing depth of the soil ball of their growing container. container. – Once in place, they should be well Once in place, they should be well

watered.watered.


3. If annuals are grown from seed, 3. If annuals are grown from seed, the seed company’s directions should the seed company’s directions should be followed precisely. be followed precisely. – This is a very cost effective way of This is a very cost effective way of

creating color and interest in a creating color and interest in a landscape.landscape.


C. Perennial flowers are plants that live C. Perennial flowers are plants that live for two or more growing seasons. for two or more growing seasons. – Perennials may be further divided into Perennials may be further divided into

woody and herbaceous plants. woody and herbaceous plants. – Most perennials have a distinct bloom time; Most perennials have a distinct bloom time;

they will not flower all summer. they will not flower all summer. – However, careful design planning can create However, careful design planning can create

a bed or border that will have appealing a bed or border that will have appealing color and texture regardless of the season.color and texture regardless of the season.


1. Perennial beds need to be 1. Perennial beds need to be carefully prepared since the plants, carefully prepared since the plants, once established, make it more once established, make it more difficult to add soil improvements. difficult to add soil improvements. – Be sure that the soil is well-tilled with Be sure that the soil is well-tilled with

adequate drainage and organic matter. adequate drainage and organic matter. – Extra time spent in soil preparation Extra time spent in soil preparation

pays off with healthier, more beautiful pays off with healthier, more beautiful plants.plants.


2. Container grown perennials should be 2. Container grown perennials should be planted in holes the size and depth of planted in holes the size and depth of their growing container. their growing container. – Once placed, they should be well watered. Once placed, they should be well watered. – Unless the flower bed is very small, plants Unless the flower bed is very small, plants

should be clumped in same species should be clumped in same species groupings of three or more for maximum groupings of three or more for maximum visual impact. visual impact.

– Generally, taller plants should be placed to Generally, taller plants should be placed to the back or center of the bed, although the back or center of the bed, although plants with fine or “airy” texture may “bend” plants with fine or “airy” texture may “bend” this rule somewhat.this rule somewhat.

What practices should be followed to optimize What practices should be followed to optimize transplant health and growth in a newly transplant health and growth in a newly

planted design?planted design? V. Once planted, trees, shrubs, and V. Once planted, trees, shrubs, and

flowers need follow-up care to become flowers need follow-up care to become established. established. – Watering, weeding, and fertilizing can Watering, weeding, and fertilizing can

literally mean life or death to a newly planted literally mean life or death to a newly planted specimen.specimen.

– Mulch, landscape fabric, and antitranspirants Mulch, landscape fabric, and antitranspirants are valuable aids to a landscapers arsenal in are valuable aids to a landscapers arsenal in helping plants to thrive.helping plants to thrive.

Optimize Transplant Health and Growth Optimize Transplant Health and Growth in a Newly Planted Designin a Newly Planted Design

A. Plant mulch, whether organic or A. Plant mulch, whether organic or inorganic, has many benefits to a inorganic, has many benefits to a newly planted tree or shrub. newly planted tree or shrub.

Mulch is the material used around Mulch is the material used around plants to reduce water loss, prevent plants to reduce water loss, prevent weed growth, keep soil temperatures weed growth, keep soil temperatures more uniform, protect roots, and more uniform, protect roots, and prevent erosion.prevent erosion.


1. Organic mulches include wood 1. Organic mulches include wood chips, pine needles, tree bark chips, chips, pine needles, tree bark chips, shredded corn cobs, cocoa bean shredded corn cobs, cocoa bean hulls, peat moss, and salt hay. hulls, peat moss, and salt hay. – Organic mulches tend to take Organic mulches tend to take

advantage of local products so there advantage of local products so there often is a regional bias to the materials often is a regional bias to the materials used. used.


All organic mulches have a negative All organic mulches have a negative side effect in that they draw nutrients side effect in that they draw nutrients from the soil in their decomposition from the soil in their decomposition process. process.

However, they also add organic However, they also add organic matter back to the soil,and can be matter back to the soil,and can be very pleasing in appearance. very pleasing in appearance.


Organic mulches usually need a yearly Organic mulches usually need a yearly top-dressing to replenish them. top-dressing to replenish them.

Large particle mulches tend to last Large particle mulches tend to last longer. longer.

Organic mulches should be spread 2 to 4 Organic mulches should be spread 2 to 4 inches deep in the soil saucer around the inches deep in the soil saucer around the base of tree or shrub, leaving small 2–3 base of tree or shrub, leaving small 2–3 inch clear area at the base of the plant to inch clear area at the base of the plant to reduce the risk of rot or insect damage.reduce the risk of rot or insect damage.


2. Inorganic mulches come from non-2. Inorganic mulches come from non-living substances and include such things living substances and include such things as gravel, crushed stone, sand, brick as gravel, crushed stone, sand, brick chips, and shredded rubber. chips, and shredded rubber. – They are very long lasting but should be They are very long lasting but should be

used mainly for high-traffic or well-shaded used mainly for high-traffic or well-shaded areas since they can heat up, causing undue areas since they can heat up, causing undue stress on young plants. stress on young plants.

– An advantage to inorganic mulches is that An advantage to inorganic mulches is that they are very durable and rarely if ever need they are very durable and rarely if ever need top-dressing.top-dressing.


B. Landscape fabric is a lightweight, B. Landscape fabric is a lightweight, woven material that breaths, allowing woven material that breaths, allowing water, air, and fertilizer to a plant’s water, air, and fertilizer to a plant’s roots but restricting weed growth.roots but restricting weed growth.

Since it is unattractive by itself, as Since it is unattractive by itself, as well as vulnerable to UV light, well as vulnerable to UV light, landscape fabric is always covered landscape fabric is always covered with mulch once it is installed.with mulch once it is installed.


1. The fabric is installed by rolling it out 1. The fabric is installed by rolling it out over bare soil that has been carefully over bare soil that has been carefully weeded.weeded.– If there are existing plants, an “X” can be cut in the If there are existing plants, an “X” can be cut in the

fabric to allow it to be threaded over the plant.fabric to allow it to be threaded over the plant.– If it is placed in a new bed, “Xs” can be cut to allow If it is placed in a new bed, “Xs” can be cut to allow

planting. planting. – The fabric is always carefully rolled back to the The fabric is always carefully rolled back to the

base of any plant to reduce the chances of weeds base of any plant to reduce the chances of weeds getting established.getting established.


2. Fold excess fabric under and 2. Fold excess fabric under and cover all fabric with at least 4 inches cover all fabric with at least 4 inches of mulch. of mulch.

Landscape fabric degrades in Landscape fabric degrades in sunlight.sunlight.


C. Antitranspirant is a spray or aerosol C. Antitranspirant is a spray or aerosol product which is applied to the leaves product which is applied to the leaves of a plant to reduce transpiration. of a plant to reduce transpiration.

Spraying of a plant during transport, or Spraying of a plant during transport, or just after transplanting, can significantly just after transplanting, can significantly improve its chances of getting a good improve its chances of getting a good start in its new location. start in its new location.


Antitranspirant cuts down on water Antitranspirant cuts down on water loss by the plant’s leaves. loss by the plant’s leaves.

It counteracts the effects of root loss, It counteracts the effects of root loss, making it especially effective in tree making it especially effective in tree and shrub transplanting.and shrub transplanting.

Review / SummaryReview / Summary

1. What are the different methods of harvesting 1. What are the different methods of harvesting plant materials used by the nursery trade?plant materials used by the nursery trade?

2. What step are used to prepare for planting 2. What step are used to prepare for planting trees, shrubs, and ground covers?trees, shrubs, and ground covers?

3. List the proper planting techniques.3. List the proper planting techniques. 4. Describe the methods of planting annuals 4. Describe the methods of planting annuals

and perennials.and perennials. 5. What is the importance of mulch, landscape 5. What is the importance of mulch, landscape

fabric, antitranspirants, and climate?fabric, antitranspirants, and climate?

Documents

Horticulture CD Unit C3-3: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening