Horticultural Productivity and Postharvest Management

2

Agro-Ecological Zones of Pakistan

( Pasmi & Gawadar)

3

Cropping Pattern of Pakistan

Production and Area Cropped of All Fruits in Pakistan by Provinces (1995-96 to 1999-00 Average) 4

5

Fruits and Vegetables

• Great demand in the international market, especiallymango, apples, dates and citrus

• 12% share in agriculture value addition

• Only 3-5% is being processed

• High post harvest losses (20-40%)

• Citrus and mango account for 48% of all fruitsproduced in Punjab

• Balochistan produces the second largest volume offruits, mainly apples and dates

Area under Major Fruits in Pakistan

199.9

170.1

11390.7

62.2

36

31

15.8

15.3

13.5

7.1Citrus

Mango

Apple

Dates

Guava

Banana

Apricot

Peach

Grapes

Pomegranate

Plum

(000,Hectares)

MINFAL, 2008-09

Production of Major Fruits in Pakistan

2132.2

1727.9

566.5512.3

441

237.9

157.3

83.7

76.1

66.9

61.1

Citrus

Mango

Dates

Guava

Apple

Apricot

Banana

Peach

Grapes

Plum

Pomegranate

(000,Tonnes)

MINFAL,2008-09

Periodic increase in Area under Fruits in Pakistan

153.8192.1

424.7

531.6

765.6

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1960 1970 1980 1990 2009

Are

a (0

00, H

ecta

res)

(MINFAL)

Periodic increase in Production of Fruits in Pakistan

1563.5

1967.1

3322.2

4790.7

6360.9

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2009

Prod

uctio

n (0

00, T

onne

s)

(MINFAL)

Yield of Fruits in World

Fruits Yield (Tonnes/Ha) Best Yield

Best CountryWorld Pakistan

Citrus 7.04 10.6 30.5 Syria

Mangoes & Guava

7.4 10.5 40 Cape Verde

Dates 5.7 7.3 15.2 Egypt

Apples 14.5 6.8 91.5 Australia

Peaches & Nectarines

11.3 6.03 44.2 Austria

Pakistan Ranking in World Fruits Yield

310 11 11

1925 28

3342

63

99

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Walnut

Aprico

tDates

Almond

sPlum

s

Mangoe

s & G

uava

Nuts

Tangeri

nes,

manda

rins,

clem.

Oranges

Apples

Peach

es & N

ectarin

es

(FAO, 2008)

VEGETABLES

Area Under Major Vegetables in Pakistan

145

129

73.8

53.4

8.4

6.8

3.8

Potatoes

Onion

Chillies

Tomatoes

Garlic

Coriander

Turmeric

(000, Hectares)

(MINFAL, 2008-09)

Vegetable Production in Pakistan

2941

1704561.9187.7

67.2

36.1

3.3

557.8

Potatoes

Onion

Tomatoes

Chillies

Garlic

Turmeric

Coriander

Others

(MINFAL, 2008-09)

(000, Tonnes)

Area Under Cultivation of Vegetables In Provinces

269.2

49.542.2

36.4

Punjab

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Balochistan

Sindh

(000, Hectares)

(MINFAL, 2008-09)

Share of Provinces In Vegetable Production

4842.4

533529.6249.7

Punjab

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Balochistan

Sindh

(000, Tonnes)

(MINFAL, 2008-09)

Periodic increase in Area under Vegetables in Pakistan

(MINFAL)

150.14

220.31

310.76

359.8

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1970 1980 1990 2008-09

Are

a (

000 H

ecta

res)

Periodic increase in Production of Vegetables in Pakistan

(MINFAL)

1856.75

2689.79

4152.27

5485.38

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1970 1980 1990 2008-09

Pro

du

cti

on

(000 T

on

nes)

Yield of Vegetables in World

Vegetables Yield (Tonnes/Ha) Best Yield

Best CountryWorld Pakistan

Potatoes 18.0 19.0 46.0 Belgium

Dry Onions

19.4 13.2 67.2 South Korea

Chilies & Peppers

15.3 2.5 275.0 Netherlands

Tomatoes 28.2 10.0 48.0 Netherlands

Pakistan Ranking in World Vegetables Yield

20 2032 35

67 68

8794

102

127

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Okra Peas

Spinac

h

Cauliflo

wer & Brocc

oli

Potatoes

Eggpla

nt

Dry Onio

ns

Melons

Chilies a

nd P

eppe

rs

Tomato

es

FAO, 2008

FLORICULTURE

Top Cut Flowers Produced in World

1618

552399

241 193 149 143 126 89 830

200400600800

10001200140016001800

Rose

Tulip

Chrys

anthe

mum

Gerbe

ra

Carna

tion

Free

sia

Lilium

s

Astroe

meria Iris

Gypso

phlia

(00

0,0

00

Sti

ck

s)

(PHDEC)

Area Under Floriculture in Pakistan

8,700

3,865

2,095

2,340 Punjab

Sindh

Balochistan

Khyber Paktunkhwa

(Acres)

(PHDEC)

Pakistan Trade in Cut Flowers

24

185

115 116

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Export Import

(To

nn

es

)

(Fresh)

(Dried)

(Fresh)

(Dried)

(PHDEC)

POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT

Average Postharvest Losses in FruitsFruits Production

(000 Tonnes)

Value($ million)

Postharvest Losses%age Quantity

(000, T)Value($ million)

Citrus 1702.3 185 14.6 248.4 27Mango 1034.6 218 25.2 261 55Date 625 130 34.6 216.3 45Guava 531.6 110 34.5 183.6 38Banana 142.9 28 32.1 45.9 9Apple 315.4 110 13.6 43 15Others 1390 500 25 347.5 125All Fruits 5741.8 1281 24.5 1407.4 314

(Ibrahim and Anwar, 2004)

Export of Major Fruits From Pakistan

42,37522,783

7,421

2,839 57

KINNOW, FRESH

DATES DRIED

MANGOES

DATES FRESH

APPLE, FRESH

(000 US $)

TDAP, 2009-10

Vegetables Export From Pakistan

99932.00158

41792.542063760.107994

311.8576947

18009.6922

POTATOES

ONIONS AND SHALLOTS

MUSHROOM

GARLIC

OTHER VEGETABLES

(000 US $)

(TDAP, 2009-10)

Pakistan and World Trade in Medicinal Plants in 2008

MedicinalPlants

World Export(000 US $)

Pakistan Export (000 US $)

World Import(000 US $)

Pakistan Import(000 US $)

Turmeric 2,202 167 12,274 1866SesamumSeed

1,409,77 29,701 1,287,066 58

Linseed 723,430 127 1,020,732 -Garlic 952,975 308 1,005,228 33,105CorianderSeed

165,358 257 122,908 3519

Ginger 575,573 578 287,671 30,885FennelSeed

46,206 1,006 5,718 554

Caster 7,542 240 3,701 -(PHDEC)

30

Food processing units in Pakistan Type of processing

industryUnits Approximate daily or annual processing

capacityEmployment

Fruits and VegetableFruits and vegetablesFruit juicesBeverages

2530

100

45,000 (mt/annum)50,000 (myn tons/annum)600 (myn litres/annum)

15,0008500

Cereal basedRice husking and polishingFlour millingBiscuits and bread

50070046

7 (myn tons/annum)25 (myn tons/annum)46,830 (myn tons/annum)

20,00015,00010,000

Edible oilEdible oilCooking oil/ghee

155166

2.7 (myn tons/annum)1 (myn tons/annum)

12,00020,000

Sugar sectorSugarcane millingGur (brown sugar)

77350

35,5160 tons cane/day48,0000 (tons/annum)

10,00015,000

LivestockSeafoodMeatDairy

26438

50,000 (mt/annum)6000 (myn tons/annum)79.5 (myn tons/annum)

12,0001500

15,000

Total 1989 154,250

Source: Eestimates based on report of the APO Multi-Country Study Mission on Rural Based Food Processing Industry, Abdul Hafeez Chaudhary, APO (2004). (Mt = Metric Tons, Myn Tons = Million Tons)

Issues

• Orchard Management• Nursery production system• Long term research/breeding programs• Seed and Environment Control Systems• Emphasis on minor/major fruits??• Production technology issues• Postharvest/Marketing

32

Yield Potential and GapsNew scientific

discoveries are made and utilized –Biotechnology etc

Successful Applied Research -- Funding and Working Environment

Extension, Education & Health

• Agri. Finance• Availability of inputs• Soil Quality –Gypsum• Proper Ratio of N&P• Markets&Infrastructure• Weeds and pest

infestation• Sowing time, plant

population hp1Average

T1

T2

T3

Scie

nce

Gap

X1

Research

Science

Best Practice

T0

Wor

ld55

- -83%

Inputs

WATER USE EFFICIENCY

Struggling for Survival-Give Them Seed

34

THANK YOU