Horrible Histories

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCmogoGpnxg Henry and Elizabeth

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBBcuF9YJK0 Elizabeth’s Portrait

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0Qv9uSNWCk&feature=endscreen&NR=1 Currency

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=nVMj_bwQQ3Q&feature=endscreen Crazy laws

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=QekjU1j1RB8 Tudor football

Taking a Different Path: The Rise of English ParliamentWhat was the Tudor relationship with Parliament like?

How did the Stuarts clash with Parliament…how did this lead to revolution?

How did English constitutional government development?

Tudors Work with Parliament…Stuarts Don’t

• Parliament= group of men that had some power to make laws (along with the monarch) and give advice– Mostly just voted how the monarch wanted, but were used to being

consulted before major decisions/being asked for advice– Both Henry VIII and Elizabeth I (known as Tudors) controlled and

consulted with Parliament• Next monarch was James Stuart (ruler of Scotland and a

relative of Elizabeth), who pushed for absolute power– He needed money for a lavish lifestyle and to pay for wars– James dissolved Parliament when they wanted to discuss things

before voting on them– The next king, Charles I, continued this trend and Parliament ended

up leading its own revolt against the monarchy

Elizabeth and James

Fighting a Civil War: Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

• The result was a civil war in England from 1642-1651• Cavaliers:

– Those who supported the king (Charles I)– Wealthy nobles with better fighting experience

• Roundheads:– Those who supported Parliament– Rural high-class people (gentry), manufacturers, and Puritan clergy– Brilliant leader: Oliver Cromwell selected officers out of skill rather than

social class

• Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers and put the king on trial, then had his head cut off.

• This sent a sign that no ruler could take absolute power and ignore parliament without major consequences

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Puritan-Roundhead.jpg

Cromwell and the Commonwealth• Parliament makes some changes

– Abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the established Church of England

– Declared England a republic (called the Commonwealth)– Made Oliver Cromwell leader of the Commonwealth

• Challenges– Supporters of the king rose up against England, but Cromwell crushed them– Catholics were treated harshly and exiled to land in the West of Ireland; could

be executed on sight if they were in the wrong place– When lower-class people and women asked for the right to be heard in

Parliament, Cromwell responded by becoming basically a dictator (Lord Protector)

• The End– Puritans gained authority and passed strict laws– Cromwell died in 1658 and, in 1660, a newly elected Parliament invited

Charles II to return to England from exile… “The Restoration”

Oliver Cromwell

From Restoration to Glorious Revolution• Charles II’s Changes

– Re-opened/re-established taverns, theatres, and the Church of England– Accepted Parliament but did believe in being an absolute monarch

• James II, then Mary and William– The next monarch was Catholic in mostly Protestant England– James II overthrew laws and appointed Catholics to high offices, so Parliament

invited James’ daughter to take over… “The Glorious Revolution”– William and Mary had to accept the English Bill of Rights before they could

take over, which ensured that Parliament was superior to the monarchy (a limited monarchy now)• Parliament had to meet regularly• Parliament could control spending• Kings/queens could not suspend laws• No Catholics could be the king/queen anymore• Reaffirmed rights for the people, like religious freedom and trial by jury

Constitutional Government Evolves• After the Glorious Revolution, 3 new political institutions

arose that majorly influenced American government – Political parties

• Tories and Whigs• Each party tended to come from a certain background and tended to

vote a certain way– The cabinet

• Group of advisors to the monarch– The office of Prime Minister

• First, just the head of the cabinet• Then, the head of the Parliament• Finally, his power was greater than the monarch

I think you’re awesome, Ms.

Nichols. I advise that you keep on

rocking.

Outcome in England

English Bill of Rights

People elect representatives to Parliament,

which is supreme over

monarch

All citizens have natural rights

Writings of John Locke

People have natural rights such as life, liberty, and

property

There is a social contract

between people and

government

Constitutional Government

Government is limited and

defined by law

Political parties, the cabinet, and

the office of prime minister

arise

Impact on the US

English Bill of Rights

Colonists believed that they too had

rights, including the right to elect

people to represent

them

Writings of John Locke

Locke’s ideas shaped the American

Revolution and the

writing of the Declaration of Independence

and the Constitution

Constitutional

Government

The new American

nation formed a

constitutional government

with two parties and a cabinet; the

American system

included even more

provisions for the separation

of powers