CortisolPlacenta: IIHSO-2Gene changes in this Allopregnanolone: calm down one related to GABAIt prevents seizures when the brain is active developingDHEA stimulating more Glutamate Associate with learning at early development Promote plasticity and promote the block cortisol

There is a study of children take them away after the 2nd WW and the protection of their mothersSo they lost nurturing and the protection with the stress This children present hight problems with drug addiction More cognitive delys This show about the codnfidcion of stress and being taking away from the mothers

There is another study about children taking away from their mother for 6 months Show that nuture is ok, but some aggression is developed Also 6 month taking away is ok but 2 years is pretty bad Some aggression increaseThe sixmonth orphanages The problem of adopting kids and international

Micahel MEaney: aNother Canadian guy, rats and litters Mothers that give a lot of attention (liking and grooming) Shows more neurogenesis (bigger hypothalamus)More learning plasticityLess anxiety More willing to explore He also went to see the hypothalamus It shows the HPA axis healthierMore Oxytocin (is show that is programmable)Is programalable because show bonding with mothers, peers, an falling in loveAnd they become better parents themselves Pretty moles has more oxytocin receptors Also, they more huddling will prebale with them until later generation Atosiban will have an effect in blocking oxitocyn

In human research will present the same characteristics as the research in rats Gestation Maternal bonding to infants vs. Oxytocin Nurturing behavior vs. blood oxytocin of the mother - show increase In fathers the behavior is flat for the same behavior in women However fathers present a different behavior The parental inventory warm cold over protec

lower protect X

this is the most important part for social development

born imfants has not a pineal gland they get melatonin from the mom 1. Melatonin nursing clock no-entrained infants to put in the darkness to sleep need to cope better without blue light 2. Immune system in utero, there is a programing time period female featus in the development present later on inmmune system if they were exposuse to viruses at early stageallergies, there is a pre natal programing thing farm effect:amish children present no allergies to dirt, mole, etc children that constantly exposure to these kind of things

3. Appetite:during a range of a big littler animals will develop they can adjust the set point in human when the mother are obese nutritionally deprived over become obese also increase NPY decrease in CART (cocaine anfetamine)increase resistance to leptinincrease insulin diabetes Children that mothers smoke during pregnancy Will present a increase of ghrelinArtificial sweeterns show problems of resenting the glucose receptors The bone development problems

In development vs. plasticity presents a graph that looks like trapezoid

What causes aging: The hypothalamus is the passes makingHypothalamus can know how much cortisol there is thereHow many stresses there is in the environment will change and probably adapt the cells in the hypothalamus It gets smaller and can lose the ability to regulate hormones

In the 1960sthere was a movement t in women to restore hormones specially those associate with breast cancer

1. Andrenopause: Regulation of the axis remember the stressor overtime vs. cortisol in a period of 20 minutes in people age the homeostasis curve will be slow and less deep (longer recovery) think about the inability to make changes (slowliness in recovery)less glucocorticoids receptors on averga epeople with aging present low cortisol levels

studies in NYU showed that in a period of 5 years present some plasticity the lower the level of cortisol the smaller of hippocampus will the person present cortisol beside damaging the hippocampus and size also presents some changes in behavior

DHEA dihydroepiandro steroneIt is a neurosteroid It has an effect directly in function And it can block cortisol Glutamate:Important in synapses and neurogenesis Glucocorticoids are blocked too With this help to prevent horrible stress DHEA can be associated with Anabolic steroids Higher in men than a women and peak around the age of 20 Frailty syndrome:

2. Somatopause: inability to recover because of the lost of growth hormone somatostatin decreaseGHRH increase So GH increase due to the effect from the above

Review this pathwayGH increase IGF-1 (insulin like growth hormone that do all work)

Review about people when they get around 100 yearsrecovery utilization: glucose vs. time present normal a nice bell-curveinsulin resistance one will present slow decrease and less deep than normal

Insulin resistance diabetes

Glucose all can kills cells meaning that the cells can be glycated rage Pretty direct mechanism

3. Andropause: Testosterone decrease Study can be correlate with life style Such as drinking, smoke, no enough sleep, obesity All these can decrease testosterone

4. Menopause: loss female hormones decrease of estrogen decrease progesterone the adrenopause and somatopause are the one more damaging

5. Melatonin: lost of melatonin (decrease of this microhormone)oxytocin levels are never lost and the social functioning and the bonding will never get lost oxitcin also can increase muscle and streghth mass