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Horizon Prizes for the Cleanest Engine
A response to the air quality challenge
Maurizio Maggiore – Julija Sakovica – Guido Sacchetto
European Commission – DG RTD H2
Surface Transport
Martin Weiss – Barouch Giechaskiel – Giorgio Martini
JRC Ispra
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WHYTwo Cleanest engine Prizes?
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Pollution levels remain high in the EU
Source: EEA Air Quality in Europe 20133
Pollution levels remain high in the EU
Source: EEA Air Quality in Europe 20134
Global effect on humans reaches 500.000 premature deaths in 2015
Not only:• During pregnancy, reduced foetal growth, premature
births and miscarriages• During childhood, significant effects on development,
triggering allergies, diabetes, asthma• Similar effects on animals• Strong black carbon effect on global warming, acid rains
from NOx
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Affected policies:• Health• Air quality• Decarbonisation• Industrial policy
NOx emissions from carsdon't decrease fast enough
Source: TNO, LUBW 20156
Most cars above the limits Many are clean onlyin real driving on the test cycle
Area of the
test cycle
Unregulated pollutants are potential issues too, we don’t want to create new problems
• NO2 artificially increased to facilitate filter regeneration
• Ammonia from urea-based systems
• CO/HC from engines using advanced combustion modes
• Aldehydes from biofuel components
• N2O has huge effect on climate, byproduct of catalysts
• ... New chemicals from new catalysts?
Source: SWRI, AVL
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Strong support for strict legislation voicedby local authorities affected by pollution
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First stage of legislation approved
Several areas in which real driving definition is limited,conformity factors still high in the initial period of application
Further packages being worked out, mostly procedures forpollutants not included in the first version
However…
Perceived insufficient stringency by local autorities, leading torestrictions to diesels, even brand new Euro 6, and legal actionagainst the new regulation
The policy answer: light duty Real Driving Emissions legislation
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WHYPrizes?
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The research answer: research and prizes
• All H2020 engine topics include Real Driving verification
• New topics on brake particles and sub-23nm emissions from
gasoline direct injection engines
• Prizes on retrofits and future engines for:
Stimulating technological innovation and reducing pollutant emissions from
passenger cars
Involving newcomers and fresh thinking
Establishing feasibility of best-practice technologies
Providing national and local authorities with real solutions, certified to work in
real "real driving"
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WHYTwo Prizes?
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A comprehensive approach
EU cities have a problem NOW
• Prize on retrofits addresses cleaning the existing fleet
Many of these cars will be around for at least 10 years
Not everybody can afford to change car
Today to be clean it would need to be electric, even less affordable
Looking into the future
• Prize on future engines
Looks for a short term alternative to electrification if it grows slowly (a safety net)
Useful also for hybrids, so in a longer term
Also looks for low fuel consumption in "real driving"
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Timeline:
3.5 M€ Prize value
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Looks for an « ideal » lean burn engine that uses either petrol or diesel to achieve:
• very low polluting emissions
• high energy efficiency
Innovative engine to be installed on C-class donor vehicle and delivered to JRC at
time of submission
Submission includes description and results of tests at independent lab
No form of hybridisation allowed
Particle number threshold at 10nm
Solutions should not generate other pollutants, and be compliant with operational
and market requirements (safety, noise, performance etc)
Measures against defeat devices in the Rules of Contest
Checked in real driving
The Horizon Prize: Cleanest Engine of the Future in synthesis…
Timeline:
1.5 M€ Prize value
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• Looks for an effective retrofit for Euro 5b diesel engines to achieve low polluting
emissions without overly affecting other performances and at reasonable cost
• Bonus points if solution can be applied to:
• Diesel and gasoline direct injection cars without particle filter
• Early Euro 6 vehicles making them compliant with first stage Euro 6 RDE
• To be installed on C-class donor vehicle (list just published) and delivered to JRC at
time of submission
• Submission includes description and results of tests at independent lab
• Limited hybridisation allowed
• Solutions should not generate other pollutants, and be compliant with operational
and market requirements (safety, noise, etc)
• Measures against defeat devices in the Rules of Contest
• Checked in real urban driving
The Horizon Prize: Engine Retrofit for Clean Air in synthesis…
THANKSfor your attention!
Any questions?
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Reserve slideon how submissions
will be assessed
On-road testing with PEMSPEMS installation
• Analyzer unit (NOx, CO, CO2, HC, PN) in the
cabin or on a tow bar
• Tail-pipe connection of exhaust flow meter
• Electrical batteries and gas bottles in the cabin
• Weather station and GPS on/near the roof
• NO connection to the engine control unit possible
• Total PEMS mass: first generation ≈100-130 kg;
second generation ≈60 kg (+ 1 co-pilot)
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