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Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure

Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

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Page 1: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

Honors ChemistryChapter 3

Atomic Structure

Page 2: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

I. Dalton’s TheoryPart 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles

called atoms.

Part 2 - Atoms from the same element are identical.

Part 3 - Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

(just a new order with new bonds)

Part 4 - A given compound has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms.

*water is always H2O

Page 3: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

II. Discovering Atomic StructureA. Faraday (1839)

1. -atoms contain particles that have electrical charges

B. Franklin

1. Tests electricity

And proved that…

Page 4: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

III. The ElectronA. Cathode Ray Tube JJ Thomson (1896)

- Led to the discovery of the electron and itsbasic charge.

Page 5: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

B. Millikan (1909)

1. Determined the charge and mass of a single electron.

2. 1 electron = 2000 times lighter than an H atom

Page 6: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

IV. The Proton and NucleusA. Gold Foil Experiment (Rutherford 1909)

-determined nucleus (positive charge)

Page 7: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

Assign: 3.1• Read 3.3 and draw a picture of Cl-35 and Cl-

37 with the correct number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

Page 8: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

V. Structure of the Atom

Particle Type Charge Relative Mass

Electron (cloud) 1- 0

Proton (nucleus) 1+ 1

Neutron (nucleus) 0 1

Page 9: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

VI. Terminology and the P.T.

A. Atomic Number - # of protons in an atoms

1. top number

2. gives clue to the number of electrons

B. Mass Number – the # of protons and neutrons

1. always rounded

C. Ions – atom that has gained or lost electron(s)

1. Ex: Ca 20

Ca2+ ___

2. Can be positive or negative18

Page 10: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

D. Isotopes – atoms that have different numbers of neutrons.

1. or… H-1, H-2, H-3

E. Atomic Mass – the average of all isotopes of a certain element.

Page 11: Honors Chemistry Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. I. Dalton’s Theory Part 1 - elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Part 2 - Atoms from the

Element Symbol Atomic # Mass ## of

electrons# of

neutrons# of

protons

Carbon

13

65

Fe3+

O2-

10 12

32 18

8 6

C 6 12 6 6 6

Aluminum Al 27 13 14 13

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