8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

1/14

TERM PAPER OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC : -- NREGA ANALYSIS

Mr harish

Page 1 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

2/14

INTRODUCTION

(National rural employment guarantee act)

The national rural employment guarantee act came into force on February 2, 2006 and

was implemented in 200 of Indias most backward districts. The ministry of rural

development described it is a revolutionary measure to transform the rural economy. In2007 it was extended to another 130 districts and with effect from April 1, 2008 the act

is to cover all districts. The UPA government enacted a national employment

guarantee act. This will provide a legal guarantee for at least 100 days of employment to

begin with on asset creating public works

Page 2 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

3/14

Every year at minimum wages to at least one able bodied person in every rural and

urban poor and lower middle class household. The government, on the advice of the

national advisory council, passed the national rural employment guarantee act.

MAIN FEATURES OF THE ACT:-

Every household in rural India will have a right to at least 100 days of

guaranteed employment every year for at least one adult member. The

employment will be in be in the form of casuals manual labor at the statutory

minimum wage, and the wage shall be paid within 7 days of the week during

which work was done .

Work should be provided within 15 days of demanding it, and the work

should be located within 5 kilometers of distance.

If work is not provided to anyone within the given time, (he/she) will be paid

a daily unemployment allowance, which will be at least one-third of

minimum wage.

Workers employed on public works will be entitled to medical treatment and

hospitalization in case of injury at working site, along with a daily allowance

of not less than half of the statutory minimum wage. In case of death or

disability of a worker, an extra payment shall be made to his heirs as per

provisions of workmen compensation act.

Five percent of wages may be deducted as contribution to welfare schemes

like health insurance, accident insurance, survivor benefits, maternity benefitsand social security schemes.

For non compliance with rules, strict penalties have been laid down. For

transparency and accountability, all accounts and records of the programmers

will be made available for public scrutiny. The district collector/chief

Page 3 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

4/14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

5/14

Significant emerging trends in three years of Implementation of NREGA

have been evident in the increase in employment opportunities compared

with earlier wage employment programmers, increase in minimum wages,

stemming of distress migration, implementation of a large number of works

related to soil and water conservation, a forestation 4r and plantation

resulting in increased productivity. One of the spin off benefits of the Act has

been the financial inclusion of NREGA workers. Works identified under

NREGA for convergence will be Planned and executed within the parameters

of NREGA including:

1) The cost of material component of project including the wages of the

skilled and semi skilled worker under the scheme shall not exceed fortypercent of the total project cost.

2) as far as practicable, a task funded under the scheme shall be performed by

manual labour and not machines

3) No contractors

Parameters :-

General Framework for Convergence

Ground water data developed by WR Department, this may be made

available for use for planning and executing NREGA related works. Joint

monitoring and supervision of activities should be planned. Baseline

assessment, concurrent appraisal and documentation and evaluation of impactof the concerned schemes and NREGA on a set of performance indicators

and their effectiveness in responding to the needs of the community could be

initiated.

Page 5 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

6/14

Planning;

The Annual Work Plan of NREGA lists the shelf of projects recommendedby the Gram Sabha and finalized by the Gram Panchayat/Intermediate

Panchayat/Zila Parishad. If the Perspective Plan has been made then the

AWP should be broadly based on the Perspective Plan. The AWP must be

endorsed by the Gram Sabha/PRIs as per the Act. The NREGA plan will be

based on the permissible works under Schedule I of the NREGA Act.

For this purpose, Block level resource persons may be trained on the

methodology of convergence between the concerned scheme and NREGA.

They will guide the Gram Sabha in preparing the village plan, so that the

AWP of NREGA accommodates the requirements of the projects to be taken

up with the concerned department in a complementary manner and the

selection of works, and their sequence is dovetailed into well-linked

programmers.

The institutional platform for such dovetailing will be the Gram Sabha at the

village level, and then the Gram Panchayat. The Programme Officer and the

BRG, DPC and the DRG will ensure that the selection of works under

NREGS and the programme for convergence are in mutual coordination. The

DRG will ensure that in converging the plans of both the programmes, the

technical quality of the plan is maintained as per the norms of programme

with which convergence is being undertaken, for instance in undertaking

convergence with the WR department the technical quality of the plan will be

as per the Water Resources department. The Department will share its

existing database, if any,

to enable the formulation of feasible water related projects as the result of

NREGA planning process.

Page 6 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

7/14

Work:-

An opportunity for rural renewal: An NREGA project site in

Rajasthan.

Works under NREGA is carried out at four levels:

Page 7 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

8/14

i. Works approved in the current Shelf of Projects but not yet started

ii. Ongoing works

iii. Works completed

iv. Works yet to be selected for the next financial year

(As part of the annual planning process).

# Convergence should be planned, keeping in mind these varying stages of

works:-

The operation may be undertaken at three levels. In case of the first scenario,

where works have been included in the Shelf of Projects, but not started yet,

the Shelf of Projects formulated under NREGA may be re-scrutinized to

assess the feasibility of works selected. The concerned department with

which convergence is being considered may share their database and other

information so that it may be assessed that the selection of works is

appropriate. If any correction is required it may be done. In case of (ii) & (iii)

scenarios, the expertise of the concerned department should be taken for

quality supervision, and in planning the next set of activities. The list of

works completed/ taken up will be shared with concerned department which

will indicate appropriate activities/technologies for each work for value

addition. In case of planning new works the suggestions given above on the

planning process may be considered.

ROLE OF THE CENTER GOVERNMENTCentral Government has to play a major role in the effective functioning of

panchayati raj institutions. Implementation of NREGA by the panchayati raj

institutions is one such example. We have to strive continuously to make

panchayati raj institutions an effective instrument. These institutions can play

Page 8 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

9/14

a major role as the units of decentralized governance in a more effective

manner. In addition, there is a need to provide basic facilities to these

institutions. I am happy that the year 2009-10 is being observed as the Year

of Gram Sabha. The people of the village get an opportunity through the

Gram Sabha to discuss, deliberate, accept or reject the proposals of Gram

Panchayat. I am also pleased that the Union Cabinet yesterday has decided to

change the name of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) to

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. Come, let us

pledge together for an all-out effort to make PRIs more powerful and

effective.

ROLE OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT:-

For the implementation of the scheme, each state government shall prepare

an employment guarantee programmers with six months of enactments. The

main features to the included in the programmers are:

# Only productive works that are based on economic, social and environment

benefits, contributing to social equity, and have the ability to create

permanent asset will be taken up under the programmers.

# The works shall be provided in rural areas.

# When wages are directly linked with the quantity of material, they shall be

paid according to the schedule of rate fixed by the state government for

installed labourers, this schedule shall be so fixed. Those seven hours of

works shall fetch wages equal to the statutory minimum wage fixed by the

state.

# Gap filling through NREGS for similar work under the schemes of the

department with which convergence is being considered

# Dovetailing inputs into a common Project

Page 9 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

10/14

# Area Approach

# Value addition to NREGA works

# Technical support for ensuring quality in planning, selection and execution

of NREGA works.

HELP:-

Department of Rural Development, Government of India, proposes to

establish a network of help lines under NREGA at the National, State,

District and Block levels for easy implementation of the NREGA Scheme.

The Helpline consists of a toll free MTNL number (1800110707) that will be

used by the NREGA households and other individuals and groups to raise

their questions, directly to submit their grievances and complaints and seek

guidance from the Department of Rural Development.The Helpline consists

of a toll free number. The operations will the use of latest information and

communication technology to provide solutions to queries and complainants

on a real time basis.

CONCLUSION:-

Under NREGA, there is neither a cost norm for the area nor a unit cost for

work/ activity. However, the unit cost of activities/works to be carried out

under NREGS will also be as per the cost norms/unit costs, under the

programme norms of the department with which the convergence in being

considered. The concerned Ministries jointly monitor the implementation ofthe scheme and ensure concurrent evaluation through quarterly physical and

financial reports, inspection visits, and meetings with senior officers of the

State Government. Workshops for experience sharing, learning and

dissemination and impact assessment studies are being organized. The social

audit of the project(s) should be carried out by the concerned Gram Sabha.

Page 10 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

11/14

The monitoring of the work(s) should be done with the association of the

standing committee of the Panchayat at the appropriate level.

i. Only Job Card holders will be employed for NREGA component.

ii. Muster Rolls to be maintained on worksite, with copies in the Gram

Panchayat and to be electronically maintained.

iii. Social Audits should be done through Gram Sabhas.

iv. Wage payments will be through no frills accounts in banks/post office in

selected districts pilot projects on convergence may be taken up. These willbe operationalised in accordance with the processes suggested above.

AREA OF NREGA:-

1) Water

2) Forest

3) Agriculture

1) Water

Majority of works related with water conservation and water

management are handled by the Ministry of Water Resources and

Department of Land Resource. As more than 50% of NREGA works

relate to water conservation, the possibilities of convergence between

NREGA and water conservation and watershed development

programmes of majority of work related and ministry of land resource

will optimize the sustainability of assets created under the programme.

Joint convergence of initiatives of partner Ministries will further

Page 11 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

12/14

expand the coverage area.

2)FOREST;-

Page 12 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

13/14

More than 8% of NREGA works relate to drought proofing. The

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOE&F;) has the task of achieving

one-third of the land area under forest and tree plantations as envisaged in the

National Forest Policy, 1988. This cannot be accomplished by MOE&F;

alone due to the enormity of the task. Convergence with NREGA is therefore

beneficial in terms of additional resources and new possibilities of holistic

development. The integrated area development approach with ecological

concerns will also benefit NREGA in quality planning and selection of works

that generate sustainable employment

3) AGRICULTURE

In the proposed pilot initiative between NREGA and ICAR, the latter can

play a substantial role in improving the quality of planning and execution for

NREGA works. Appropriate technology solutions have been mapped by

ICAR to provide a rational database for preparing NREGA plans, and its

technical norms and designs, so that the choice of works is guided not just by

the expediency of immediate employment provisioning but also by the logic

of sustainable natural resource development. The wide-ranging ICAR

repository of appropriate technologies enables a holistic project approach

whereby works selected under NREGA are conceptualized as projects that go

beyond natural resource management to strengthen livelihoods as well.

Page 13 of14

8/9/2019 HONEY 13 RS

14/14

Page 14 of14