The components are weighed out on the scales-wagon, from which they are self-tipped into the mixer 4. From the mixer,, the batch goes to the stock bunker 7 by way of a screw-feed 5 and bucket elevator 6 The batch is fed to the tank furnace 9, depending on the amount required, along the belt conveyer 8. Automatic loading of the batch into the tank furnace is supplied in the factory.

The reconstruction of the batch house and its complex mechanization excludes the autotransport for moving the prepared materials and also the manual loading-unloading operations; also. the manual compilation of the batch and the feeding of it to the furnace is eliminated, which makes it possible to free eight workers (4 loaders, 2 batch- man and 2 truckers). As a result of the freeing of these workers, the efficiency on the whole increased by 2~ Me- chanizing the batch feed reduced the loss, according to approximate data, by 3%. Owing to improvement of the preparation of the raw materials and blending of them, the quality of the gtass improved, and consequently, of the finished bottles.

The annual saving with the introduction of complex mechanization of the batch department is 200,000 rubles.

H O M O G E N I Z I N G Q U A R T Z SAND FOR GLASS M E L T I N G

V. P. Kir ichenko

L'vov Glass Factory Translated from Steklo i KerKeramika, Vol. 17, No. 12, December, 1960

p. 37,

The use of quartz sand with inconsistent silica contents for glass melting unavoidably upsets the chemical homogeneity of the glass, worsens its working properties and reduces the quality of the products.

For the last two years, the L'vov factory has been successfully using a simple, effective method for homog- enizing quartz sand

The plant uses Bibrsk sand from the L'vov region. This location has several different strata and its sand tends to vary in composition. That lying over the gravel is yellow and contains more basic material than the gray sand lying under the gravel. The difference in silica content can be as high as 8.5%.

A

Fig. 1

For a long time, the sand has been quarried without considering the requirements of glass making. As a result, the factory has received sharply differing batches of sand. These batches had to be mixed in the stockyards of the factory

A

Fig. 2

in production quantities, since there were no conditions for organizing any system of stocking and using it. This reduced, and in some cases broughtto zer~ the effectiveness of correcting the batch, and led finally to the produc- tion of heterogeneous glass and a disturbance of the whole technological process of melting and conditioning the glass.

651

In 1957 the plant started to use a mechanized storage system for sand, and soon the quarrying was also or- ganized to suit the technical methods used for glass maMng; this made it possible to use a homogenized sand for preparing the batch.

The pit is now worked with a bulldozer, an excavator and dump trucks. The sand is Ioaded with the excavator on to the dump trucks and taken to the loading platform of the railway station. The order of loading the sand from the upper and lower layers is strictly maintained, so that it is lying on the platform in a checkered fashion. The distribution of the sand on the platform is shown in Figs. 1-2 (A is the direction of laying the pi les ,B is the direc- tion of the movement of the autoloaderswhen the sand is being loaded into wagons). Since the sand is different in color, the rules for storing it are easily maintained.

In the future, blending of the sand will proceed automatically together with all subsequent movements - -of which there are five - from the station to the factory storehouse.

Housing the sand in the sections of the storehouse and removing it for production is done with a grab crane, which allows the sand to be selected from different sections during its loading into the bunker.

Practice has shown that normally such a special selection during batch loading is not needed, since the sand coming to the stock is quite well mixed. However, to remove the influence of chance variations in the chemical composition of the sand in the various sections, it is loaded into the bunker, as a rule, from two sections --one bucket- ful from each, in turn.

This method of mixing sand over the past two years has undoubtedly resulted in the production of uniform glass. The glass also possesses exeeIlent working properties, the machines operate with the minimum of culler, conditioning and production is rhythmic, the drawing rate is constant and easily regulated and the difference in plate thickness is at a minimum.

T H E E L E C T R O C A R E K - 2 W I T H S E L F - R A I S I N G BODY

V. P. G a r k a v e n k o

Konstantinovsk "Avtosteklo" Factory Translated from Steklo i Keramika, Vol. 17, No. 12, December, 1960

p. 38,

The Konstantinovsk "Avtosteklo" Factory is successfully using an electrocar with a self-dumping arrange-

ment for moving different materials, glass culIet, bricks, spare parts, etc.

< ~ The ordinary vehicle EK-2 is fitted with a body which is raised hydraulically. The main hydraulic units

~ . / i with an electric loader, series 4004, are used for this pur-

'-~@]~] 3 -'.:~ \ pose.

�9 I ~ti ~. . ~ j % , , -~.~., The arrangement for self lifting is shown in the figure: I L~ I .'.; "~.5 " - ~ : : " "-'% 1) the oil tank, 2) the hydraulic distributor, 3) the handle,

�9 I~ r g ~ - , , / Hose to 1 ~ / ~ ' ~ // 4) auxiliary contactor, 5) flexible hose, 6) hydraulic pump, J~ ~ ~:c~-, ~ ~k ~ ' ~ "~" 7) electric motor for pump, 8) lifting cylinder, 9) lifting

a,--:=~~---_7~.~__~=~_~, mechanism, 10) metall ic body, 11) body cross piece.

, -~ ~ J ~ I ' ~\:~ This electrocar is very sLmple in construction, eco- . I r , Hose t o 2 ; ~h~. j ,, nomical and satisfactory in use.

. . . . . . . . V@,~..~,:r // %,.'~-.-.~::2J

652