Homo erectus: 1,800,000—300,000 ya

A B

350,000—200,000 ybp

350,000—130,000 ybp

Then: archaic Homo sapiens

350,000—200,000 ybp

Archaic H. sapiens Zambia Modern H. sapiens Ethiopia

160,000 ybp350,000 ybp

100,000 ybp

Klasies River Mouth CaveSouth Africa

chin

Lothagam skull: Kenya9,000 ybp

Cro Magnon, France30,000 ybp

Chauvet Cave, France: c. 20,000 ybp

Prior to 50,000 ybp modern H. sapiens only in Africa, Europe, and Asia

Homo floresiensis ?

Dwarfism and Gigantism on Islands

• Not universal but fairly common• Natural selection

– Dwarfism: food energy constraint– Gigantism: availability of large prey

Gigantism: Komodo Dragons

Two dating methods: 35,000 – 18,000 ybp

Brain smallerthan that of smallestAustralopithcines

380-420 cc

Homo floresiensis reported in 2004

c 3 ft tall