Homo Conexus - The Connected Humans

7/22/2019 Homo Conexus - The Connected Humans

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26=?097;;;109

GCDC

OCJIWY_

DC]QIJMHV


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Dcrtij Mhy

GCDC OCJIWY_

- Qgi Ocjjiotia Gudhjs


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Gcdc Ocjixus

-Qgi Ocjjiotia Gudhjs

My Dcrtij Mhy

Iaftcrfhn hssfsthjoi5 Dfoginni Pfnnrfog, Aihj Ogrfstcpgir hjaDhrtfj Gymyi

=;88 Dcrtij Mhy

F_MJ5 607-8-108;-699=-7

Crf`fjhnny [umnfsgia fj Ahjfsg my @ynaijahn Musfjiss,Ocpijgh`ij =;;6

Ocvir Aisf`j5 ]hsdus Mnsmeir`, GHY_, Ncs Hj`inis


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cjtijtsOCJQIJQ_.................................................................................................... ?

BC]IPC]A................................................................................................... 7

FJQ]CAYOQFCJ5 PINOCDI QC QGI JIQPC]L _COFIQV ............................ 8=

_COFHN DIAFH YJ-GF[_QI]_ ............................................................................. 82

OGH[QI] CJI5 H JIP ]IJHF__HJOI ........................................................ ==

FJAY_Q]FHN DHJ ............................................................................................ =?

OGH[QI] QPC5 DI HJA DV OCGC]Q ........................................................ =0

QGI PC]NA_ BF]_Q CJNFJI OCJRI]@IJOI DIAFYD3 ......................................... =7

HMI@FJJI]_ @YFAI QC OCGC]Q QGIC]V.......................................................... ?=

OGH[QI] QG]II5GCDC OCJIWY_F_ MC]J ............................................... ?1

QGI (HYQC)DCMFNI [GCJI.............................................................................. ?9

QGI DCMFNI [GCJI PFQGCYQ QGI (HYQC)DCMFNI.............................................. ?7

DV RI]V CPJ M]FOL ...................................................................................... 1;

DIIQFJ@ QGI DHLI]...................................................................................... 1=

@CCA QGFJ@_ OCDI FJ _DHNN [HOLIQ_............................................................... 19

DIIQFJ@ QGI DHLI],[H]Q FF .......................................................................... 16

OGH[QI] BCY]5_IOCJA JHQY]I - QGI JIQPC]L_ FJ VCY] MCAV .......... 91

HMF@ JIQPC]L CB NFQQNI @]IV OINN_............................................................... 99

QGI FJQI]JIQ F_ HM]HFJ.PINN,HNDC_Q. .......................................................... 96


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1

VCYH]I HJIQPC]L..................................................................................... 2?

OGH[QI] BFRI5GCDC OCJIWY_ @IQ_ HJ FAIJQFQV .................................. 20

VCYJ@ [IC[NI JCPHAHV_.............................................................................. 20

FQ_ CJNV HMCYQ [IC[NI ................................................................................. 0=

@CCAJF@GQ,]IJ.......................................................................................... 01

DC]I QGHJ VCYA PHJQ QC ]IHA .................................................................. 09

[FQV QGI [CC] _COFHN PC]LI]_...................................................................... 07

HJIP FAIJQFQV ............................................................................................. 7;

JIC-_CNFAH]FQV............................................................................................. 7?

_COFHN OY]]IJOV ........................................................................................... 72

FNFJL,QGI]IBC]I FHD ................................................................................... 70

_COFHN OY]]IJOV -JCQ _COFHN OH[FQHN ............................................................ 77

OGH[QI] _FW5GCDC OCJIWY_@CI_ QC PC]L ........................................ 6;

JIP ECM 4JIP JIQPC]L 4JIP [C__FMFNFQFI_................................................. 68

QGI QC[ 7ECM BIHQY]I_ ................................................................................. 6=

]F_I CB QGI B]IINHJOI JHQFCJ ........................................................................ 67

FJ QGI MNYI OC]JI]5FJAY_Q]FHN DHJ! ............................................................ 66

FJ QGI ]IA OC]JI]5GCDC OCJIWY_! .............................................................. 66

QGI]I_ _CDIQGFJ@ HMCYQ C[IJ,_I_HDI................................................... 8;8

AIHQG QC QGI GFI]H]OGV............................................................................... 8;?

GCDC OCJIWY_ RI]_Y_ FJAY_Q]FHN DHJRHNYI_ FJ QGI PC]L [NHOI............... 8;0


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9

LJCPNIA@IPH_[CPI].............................................................................. 8;6

PC]L HJA NIF_Y]I PI]I JIRI] _I[H]HQI....................................................... 88;

JC _Q]I__ ................................................................................................... 88?

GCP QC ... .................................................................................................. 887

OGH[QI] _IRIJ5GCDC OCJIWY_ HJA _COFIQV ..................................... 8==

QGI AIOIJQ]HNFUHQFCJ DI@HQ]IJA................................................................ 8=?

PGIJ QGI DY_FO FJAY_Q]V (JIH]NV)AFIA........................................................ 8=7

RHNYI B]CD QGI B]FJ@I_............................................................................... 8?;

AIOIJQ]HNFUHQFCJ F_ IRI]VPGI]I.................................................................. 8?=

_QHJNIV DFN@]HD HJA QGI _FW AI@]II_.......................................................... 8?9

GYM_ .......................................................................................................... 8?7

QGI _Q]IJ@QG FJ PIHLJI__........................................................................... 81=

JIQPC]LFJ@ PFQG QGFJ@_............................................................................. 819

OGH[QI] IF@GQ5GCDC OCJIWY_ HJA QGI DIAFH ................................. 898

"FGHQI QC QINN VCY,MYQ FQCNA VCY _C." ......................................................... 89=

HRF]Y_...C] DI]I AFBBY_FCJ3 ...................................................................... 892

QGI DC_Q GV[IA [GCJIMCCL_ FJ QGI PC]NA................................................... 828

QGI NFBI JI]RI CB GCDC OCJIWY_ F_ FJ QGI [COLIQ.......................................... 82=

OGH[QI] JFJI5GCDC OCJIWY_ OCJ_YDI_ -QGI FNNY_FCJ CB B]II ..... 80;

QGI FAICNC@V CB B]II .................................................................................. 80=

_COFHN OH[FQHN,JCQ _COFHN OY]]IJOV............................................................ 802


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2

PGI]I NC@FO IJA_ ...................................................................................... 806

QGI NIIOGI_ CB PFLF[IAFH............................................................................. 878

QGI FNNY_FCJ CB B]II ................................................................................... 87?

PGIJ DY_FO MIOHDI B]II........................................................................ 872

HNN GHFN QGI JH[_QI]! ................................................................................. 86;

OGH[QI] QIJ5 OCJRIJFIJOI F_ LFJ@ ..................................................... 869

PGIJ _COFHN JIQPC]L_ DIIQ I-OCDDI]OI................................................. =;2

HYQGIJQFOFQV HNPHV_ PFJ_.......................................................................... =;7

NI@CHYQGIJQFOFQV HJA JIQPC]L_........................................................... =8=

I[FNC@YI ................................................................................................. =87

[C_Q_O]F[Q =;8= ..................................................................................... ===

BIH] HJA NCHQGFJ@ FJ QGI AF@FQHN H@I ........................................................... ===

BC] MIQQI] C] PC]_I................................................................................... ==6

A]IHAFJ@ QGI AF_OCJJIOQ............................................................................ =??


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0

Qgi nfttni mcy ncclia up ht gfs aha hja shfa5 Aha, fb ycuafajt ghvi ocdputirs mhol wgij ycu wiri h lfa, gcw afaycu `it cjnfji3


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BC]IPC]A

Jcw, ivirymcay giri, wiri hnn bhdfnfhr wftg Bhoimccl. Fts h

wimsfti tght tgi lfas usi tc occrafjhti wgfog dhnt sgcp tc diitup ht hbtir tgifr scol gcpFD CNA!

Hja cb ocursi, tgcsi lfas phrijts usi ft tc sthy uphnn jf`gtncclfj` ht wght tgifr gf`g sogccn `frnbrfijas hri up tc, ocdpcsfj`gihrtbint brfijas riquist disshìs, cjny tc ainiti tgid ujsijt.

Qgfs whs gcw Ecj _tiwhrt cpijia tgi bfrst si`dijt cj Ocdiay

Oijtrhns Qgi Ahfny _gcw cj Ehjuhry 2

tg

=;88. _tiwhrt wfsinyhvcfas pritijafj` tght gis ht tgi bcribrcjt cb wght tgi lfas hriacfj` cj tgifr oinn pgcjis cr nhptcps, eust nfli dcst cb us ac fjcrair tc hvcfa rfafouni. Gcwivir, bujjy hs tgiy hri, _tiwhrts twccpijfj` nfjis brcd tght Ehjuhry ipfscai ocjthfj sivirhndfsocjoiptfcjs, ivij wftg tgi pcpunhr ocdiafhjs usuhn ohvihtshmcut mifj` hj cna ùy wgc acisjt ujairsthja tgi lfas.

Bfrst cb hnn, Bhoimccl fs jct eust h wimsfti. Fts h wimsfti, hj

f[gcji hpp, h dcmfni pnhtbcrd, h diitfj` pnhoi, h ahtfj` sirvfoi,h musfjiss cppcrtujfty hja h `hdfj` hrijh. Ft fs jc ncjìrocjthfjia wftgfj tgi ocdputir soriij. Hja fts aibfjftiny jct eusttgi lfas wgc usi ft. Cr tgifr phrijts, wgcd _tiwhrt ghj`s cut tcary wftg hwiscdi wft. Fts lfas, phrijts, hja `rhjaphrijts,ivirymcay usis Bhoimccl jcw. Fj =;8;, h stuay myFjsfaiBhoimccl.ocd sgcwia tght jct cjny afa 8;; dfnnfcjHdirfohjshndcst cji tgfra cb tgi pcpunhtfcj - usi Bhoimccl.

87.1 dfnnfcj cb tgcsi wiri cnair tghj 19, dihjfj` tght iviry bfbtgpirscj cj Bhoimccl fs h `rhjaphrijt cr h phrijt.

Jiianiss tc shy, tgi 87-?9-yihr cnas hri tgi gihvfist usirs, wftghndcst hs dhjy usirs mifj` cvir =2 yihrs cna tghj ujair. Qgivhst dhecrfty cb Bhoimccl usirs hri =2 hja cvir. _c fb ycu tgfjlBhoimccl fs eust scditgfj` tgi lfas usi, ycuri aiha wrcj`.

Fj bhot, tgi dfsujairsthjafj` tght hnn tgi `haìts, cjnfjipgijcdijh, ounturhn oghjìs cr tiogjcnc`fohn havhjois cb tgiphst 8; yihrs hri scditgfj` tght tgi lfas usi fs ìjirhnnywrcj`. Hja yit iviry tfdi scditgfj` jiw sgcws up, ivirycjisiids tc tgfjl fts h @ijirhtfcj V trija cr scditgfj` tgi


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tiogjcnc`fohnny gfp lfas hri ìttfj` fjtc. Mut fb ycu nccl htQwfttir, tgi f[ha cr ncohnfzhtfcj sirvfois nfli Bcursquhri hjaBhoimccl [nhois, fts usuhnny haunts wgc thli ft up bfrst. Lfasstfnndcstny eust tixt hja ohnn cj tgifr oinn pgcjis, dhymi thlfj` h

pgctc cjoi fj h wgfni.

_c hri ycu eust cut cb tcuog miohusi ycu jivir ìt fjtc tgi nhtisttiog trija h yihr hbtir ivirycji insi3

Jc. Qgiri fs hmscnutiny jctgfj` wrcj` wftg ycu.

Pght ycu hri wftjissfj` fs tgi idirìjoi cb h jiw typi cb

gudhj mifj`. Cji tghthorcss afbbirijt hì `rcups hja scofhnocjaftfcjsghjanis tgi rhpfa oghjìs cb cur scofity dcrijhturhnny tghj ctgir picpni. Fts h typi cb gudhj bcr wgcdjitwcrlfj` fs hs jhturhn hs mrihtgfj`, hja wgcsi sinb-ujairsthjafj` hja ixfstijoi fs aipijaijt cj ctgirs fj gfs cr girjitwcrl. Qgiy hri jct tiogjcnc`fohn wujairlfjas, mut rhtgir usicr afsohra tiogjcnc`y ht wfnn. Qgiy sgcp afbbirijt, wcrl afbbirijt,ocddujfohti afbbirijt, hja tgfjl afbbirijt brcd picpni wgc hristfnn rcctia fj tgi Fjaustrfhn _cofity.

Hs suog, tgiy riprisijt h jiw ocjsudir huafijoi, h jiw typicb oc-wcrlir hja h jiw riofpfijt cb ocddujfohtfcj, dhrlitfj`hja havirtfsfj` disshìs. ]ihogfj` cut tc tgid fs h jiwoghnnijì tc hjycji tryfj` tc sinn h prcauot cr oghjì pcnftfohnpirsuhsfcjs. Jiw runis hppny. H nct ghs miij wrfttij hja shfahmcut gcw tc ocddujfohti wftg @ijirhtfcj J, U, Qgi Jitwcrl@ijirhtfcj, Qgi Dfnnijfhns, Af`fthn Jhtfvis, wghtivir ycu whjt tc

ohnn tgid. Gcw tc ìt tgid tc muy ycur prcauot. Gcw tc oghjìtgifr dfjas hmcut scditgfj`. Hpphrijtny, scditgfj` ghsoghjìa tght rijairs tgi cna ditgcas usiniss.

Mut nfttni tgcu`gt ghs miij `fvij tc wgy tgfs oghjì fsghppijfj`. Hja wgy ft fs ghppijfj` jcw3 Hja wght lfja cbfdphot fs ft `cfj` tc ghvi cj cur nfvis fj tgi ncj` ruj3 Vis, wi hnnh`rii tght wi hri jcw fj tgi Fjbcrdhtfcj Hì cr tgi Jitwcrl

_cofity rhtgir tghj tgi fjaustrfhn scofity. Mut gcw afa tgfsoghjì ocdi hmcut3 Hja fs ft hnn `cca3 Gcw wfnn ft oghjì us hsgudhj mifj`s3


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Qgi nhst quistfcj fs tgi dcst fdpcrthjt cji bcr tgfs mccl. Cj tgibcnncwfj` phìs, h gfstcry cb tgi Jitwcrl _cofity fs tcna hja h nctcb tgfjlfj` hmcut wght tgfs scofithn oghjì acis tc us cj hpirscjhn nivin wfnn mi mrcu`gt bcrtg. Fj tgfs mccl, tgfs jiw oftfzij

cb tgi Jitwcrl _cofity fs ri`hraia hs h afbbirijt typi cb Gcdc_hpfijs. Hja tghts wgy tgiyri ohnnia Gcdc Ocjixus.

Dhjy picpni acjt ujairsthjawgy ft fs jioisshry tc mi tixtfj`ht tgi afjjir thmni, hja tgiy ocjsfair ycuj` picpnis ghmfts cbduntfthslfj` tc mi ruai. Hja wgy ac tgiy pcst ujfdpcrthjttrfvfhnftfis hmcut tgidsinvis cj Qwfttir hnn tgi tfdi3Hja wghtstgfs tgfj` hmcut upnchafj` hnn tgcsi prfvhti pgctcs cj Bhoimccl

bcr ivirycji tc sii3 Hja tinnfj` ivirycji wgiri tgiy ncohtia hnntgi tfdi my ogiolfj` fj cj Bcursquhri hja Bhoimccl [nhois3Ghvi tgiy jc sijsi cb prfvhoy3 Fjaiia, fj rioijt yihrs, fb ycuhri tc minfivi tgi dhfjstrihd diafh, h af`fthn afvfai ghshppihria mitwiij ycuj` picpni hja tgifr phrijts. Hja h nct cbpicpni hri ghvfj` trcumni ujairsthjafj` wght fs `cfj` cj.

Qgfs mccl fs bcr tgid.

Qgfs mccl fs jct bcr tgi picpni ft fs hmcut. Qgiy hri fj tgi ljcwhnrihay.

Qgfs mccl fs bcr tgcsi phrijts wgc whjt tc ujairsthja wgy tgifrtiijhìrs hri hotfj` hs tgiy ac. Ft fs bcr tgi idpncyir wgc fsghvfj` trcumni dctfvhtfj` cr ocddujfohtfj` wftg gfs twijty-scditgfj` idpncyiis.

Ft fs bcr tgcsi dhrlitfj` ixios wgc whjt h mittir ujairsthjafj`cb wgy tgifr disshì fs jct strflfj` h ogcra wftg picpni mincwtgi hì cb 1;. Hja ft fs bcr tgcsi fj tgifr ihrny cr dfa-tgfrtfis wgcjivir ujairstcca wgy tgiy ncclia ht tgi wcrna afbbirijtny, fj hdcri bcrwhra-tgfjlfj` why tghj tgifr piirs. Gcpibunny, wgij ycurihog tgi bfjhn phìs cb tgfs mccl, F wfnn ghvi dhjhìa tcocjvfjoi ycu tght cur scofity hja gudhj mifj`s fj ìjirhn hrioghj`fj` arhdhtfohnny bcr mittir cr wcrsi, bcrofj` us tc ritgfjl

hndcst ivirytgfj`. Mut fb ycu ht tgfs pcfjt hri stfnn jct ocjvfjoiatght rhpfa oghjìs hri `cfj` cj, nit di eust bcr h sgcrt wgfniriturj tc Ecj _tiwhrt hja tgi Ehjuhry 2tgipfscai cb Qgi Ahfny_gcw .


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Qgi rihscj wgy _tiwhrt whs thnlfj` hmcut Bhoimccl ht hnn, whsmiohusi fjvistdijt mhjl @cnadhj _hogs gha sthrtia fjvistfj`fj Bhoimccl cj mighnb cb fts onfijts. Hja hs cb tgi dcrjfj` cbEhjuhry 2tg, Bhoimccl afajt whjt tc afvunì hjytgfj` hmcut

tgcsi fjvistdijts. Ecj _tiwhrt, hpprcprfhtiny, ohnnia tgiocdphjy cut cj bcrofj` fts usirs tc niha trhjsphrijt nfvis cjtgifr prcbfnis, wftgcut whjtfj` tc mi trhjsphrijt ftsinb.

Mut _tiwhrt hja gfs oriw ghajt ivij bfjfsgia thpfj` tgi sgcw,wgij Bhoimccl hjjcujoia tght tgiy wiri `cfj` tc mitrhjsphrijt hmcut hnn tgifr bfjhjois `cfj` bcrwhra. Ecj _tiwhrtgha tc ija gfs sgcw wftg h afsonhfdir wgfog tcthnny rupturia tgi

mhnnccj gi gha fjbnhtia ihrnfir fj tgi sgcw. Qghts gcw bhst tgfj`sdcvi tcahy. Hja hs wi sghnn sii cvir tgi ocdfj` phìs, tgfshooinirhtfcj cb gcw wi ocddujfohti hja ocjjiot wftg ihogctgir fs ixhotny wght ghs orihtia h wgcni jiw wcrna. Eust nfli ftafa wgij @utijmir` turmc-oghrìa tgi iauohtfcjhn nivin cb tgiocddcj dhj my rivcnutfcjfzfj` tgi prfjtfj` priss hndcst 2;;yihrs h`c.

Fts ghppijfj` jcw. H`hfj.

Dcrtij Mhy,

Ncs Hjìnis, Ehjuhry =;88.


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FJQ]CAYOQFCJ5 PINOCDI QC

QGI JIQPC]L _COFIQV

Qgi Ogrfstdhs Jc. 8fs h mf` tgfj` fj tgi Yjftia Lfjàcd.

Ghvfj` tgi judmir cji scj` cj tgi YL sfj`nis oghrts fj tgiwiil nihafj` up tc Ogrfstdhs sgcws tght ycuvi ocjquiria tgigcnfahy shniswgfog trhaftfcjhnny fs wgij tgi dcst dusfo fs scnaaurfj` tgi yihr. Fts miij scditgfj` dusfo hrtfsts fj tgi YL ghvistrfvia bcr sfjoi 869= wgij tgi oghrt whs bcujaia.

Qgi Mihtnis wcj tgi pristf`fcus oghrt pcsftfcj tgrii yihrs fj hrcw fj 862?-8629. Xuiijs Mcgidfhj ]ghpscaywhs tgiOgrfstdhs jc. 8fj 8609. [fjl BncyasHjctgir Mrfol fj tgi Phnnpt. = dhai ft fj 8606. Fj 867= ft whs Acjt Vcu Phjt Di my QgiGudhj Nihùi. Fj 8669 ft whs Ihrtg _cj` my Dfoghin Eholscj.Fj =;;?, @hry Eunis mihutfbun riwcrlfj` cb Dha Pcrna my Qihrsbcr Bihrs `ct tgi pristf`fcus gcjcr. Hnn cb tgid dhecr wcrnawfaigfts, wgfog sgcws wgy tgi YL Ogrfstdhs Jc. 8fs suog hj

fjafohtcr cb pcpunhrfty.

Mut tgij, scditgfj` ghppijia.

Fj =;;9, _ghyji Phras Qghts Dy @chnwijt tc judmir cjicvir Ogrfstdhs. Vcu df`gt jct ljcw tgfs jhdi, wgfog fs tcthnnyujairsthjahmni, miohusi Phra whsjt viry pcpunhr cutsfai@riht Mrfthfj. Vcu sii, gi whs tgi wfjjir cb tght yihrs QgiW

Bhotcrocdpitftfcj. Qgi QR rihnfty sgcw fs wfainy ri`hraia hstgi Iurcpihj virsfcj cbHdirfohj Facn, hja nfli fts Hdirfohjocujtirphrt, ft fs phrtny cwjia hja cpirhtia my dusfoijtriprijiur _fdcj Ocwinn.

Cjny cjoi mibcri, fj =;;=, gha tgi wfjjirs cb h QR rihnftysgcw/thnijt ocdpitftfcj thlij tgi judmir cji spct cvirOgrfstdhs. Ctgirwfsi, tght shoria `rcuja cj tgi oghrts ghamiij risirvia bcr rihnhrtfsts cr bcr oghrfty sfj`nis. Mut tgfj`s

gha oghjìa. Qgi rihnfty thnijt sgcw tfahn whvi gha bnccaia tgiwcrna, hja tgfs whs hnsc tgi ohsi fj tgi Ij`nfsg Fsnis. Fj bhot, tgipcwir cb rihnfty thnijt sgcwshja ispiofhnny tgcsi cwjia myOcwinnwhs sc fddijsi tght oghrts hnn cvir tgi wcrna wiri


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fdphotia my tgid. Fj tgi YL, tgfs dihjt tght tgi Ogrfstdhs jc. 8sfj`nis fj =;;9, =;;2, =;;0 hja =;;7 wiri hnn rinihsia myWBhotcrwfjjirs.

Mut tgij scditgfj` ghppijia. H`hfj.

Fj =;;6, tgi Ogrfstdhs jc. 8sfj`ni whs h 80-yihr cna scj` my h`rcup tght gha jivir miij ivij miij fj tgi YL tcp =; mibcri. Ftwhs tgi gf`gny h``rissfvi hja jct viry Ogrfstdhs-y Lfnnfj` FjQgi Jhdi my tgi Hdirfohj rhp/dithn `rcup ]hì H`hfjst tgiDhogfji. [ccr Eci DoInairry, 87 yihrs cna ht tgi tfdi, gha wcjQgi W Bhotcrfj =;;6, hja stfnn whsjt `cfj` tc dhli ft tc tgi tcp.

Fjstiha, tgi h``rissfvi oghjts cb B*** Vcu, F wcjt ac wght ycutinn di!!tght fs tgi oundfjhtfcj cb Lfnnfj` Fj Qgi Jhdi whs tgimist-sinnfj` sfj`ni cvir Ogrfstdhs, sinnfj` 9=.;;; dcri tghjDoInairrys sfj`ni Qgi Onfdm.

Gcw afa tghtghppij3

]hì H`hfjst tgi Dhogfji ghajt ivij rifssuia tgi scj` hs h

sfj`ni, mut tc tgifr surprfsi, tgiy wiri judmir cji fj tgi YLcvir Ogrfstdhs =;;6. Qgi rihscjs bcr tgfs surprfsfj` turj cbivijts shy ivirytgfj` hmcut tgi tfdi tght wi hri nfvfj` fj rf`gtjcw. Hja wgy ft df`gt mi tfdi bcr us hnn tc stcp hja tgfjl hmcutwghts `cfj` cj.

Ecj hja Qrhoy Dcrtir hri twc Mrftfsg dusfo bhjs wgc ghvibcnncwia tgi oghrts hnn tgifr nfvis. Mut tgi priafothmfnfty cb tgiWBhotcr wfjjirs `rhmmfj` tgi judmir cji spct cvir Ogrfstdhs

yihr hbtir yihr whs lfnnfj` tgi ixoftidijt cb tgi Ogrfstdhs oghrtrhoi bcr tgid. _c tgiy aiofaia tc ac scditgfj` hmcut ft. PgijEci DoInairry ncclia nfli gi whs gihafj` bcr tgi judmir cjispct wftg Qgi Onfdm(H Dfniy Oyrus ocvir, wgfog hpphrijtnydhai tgfj`s wcrsi bcr tgi Dcrtirs), tgi ocupni wijt cjBhoimccl hja sthrtia h `rcup bcr picpni wgc whjtia tc oghjìtgi sthtus quc.

Qgi Bhoimccl `rcup whs fjtrcauoia wftg tgi wcras5

Bia up cb _fdcj Ocwinn's nhtist lhrhcli hot mifj` OgrfstdhsJc 83 Di tcc ... _c wgc's up bcr h dhss-puroghsi cb tgi trhol'Lfnnfj` Fj Qgi Jhdi' hs h prctist tc tgi W Bhotcr dcjctcjy3


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Hpphrijtny, h nct cb picpni wiri bia up. Pftgfj ahys, tgi `rcupsjcwmhnnia fjtc ghvfj` gujarias cb tgcushjas cb didmirs. Hjafj tgi wiil nihafj` up tc Aioidmir 86, tgi aihanfji bcr shnis tcmi ri`fstiria bcr tgi Ogrfstdhs wiil oghrt, Lfnnfj` Fj Qgi Jhdi

scna 9;;,;;; ocpfis. =;;,;;; cb tgcsi fj eust twc ahys. Qgfs whsh `rhssrccts dcvidijt cj stircfas. [icpni wgc wiri tfria cbtgi pcp isthmnfsgdijt gha rfsij up tc ghvi tgifr shy. Mut tgiygha acji sc bhstir tghj ivir mibcri.

Hja ft whs cjny pcssfmni miohusi wi jcw nfvi fj tgi Jitwcrlscofity.

Gha scdicji httidptia tc punn cbb h ocup aithtcj tgi Mrftfsgdusfo oghrts eust tij yihrs ihrnfir, tgiri whs jc why tgiy ocunaghvi suooiiaia. Bfrst cb hnn, ft wcuna ghvi riqufria tghtivirycji fjvcnvia gha tc `c cut tc h stcri hja muy h pgysfohnoa-virsfcj cb Lfnnfj` Fj tgi Jhdi. Hja sfjoi tght scj` fs 80yihrs cna, tgi oghjois cb bfjafj` h sfj`ni nfli tght fj stcris (ivijtij yihrs h`c) wcuna ghvi miij zirc. Cj tcp cb tght, ycu wcunaghvi tc punn tgi Mrfts cut cb tgifr whrd gcdis hja fjtc tgi ocnawfjtir wihtgir. Qghts h ghra thsl fb hjy.Bfjhnny, ycu wcuna ghvigha tc spija dfnnfcjs cb acnnhrs cj hj fjbcrdhtfcj cr haohdphf`j tght wcuna ghvi thlij dcjtgs tc ìt picpni gcclia.Iftgir tght cr ycu wcuna ghvi gha tc ocjvfjoi jhtfcjhn QRsthtfcjs nfli tgi MMO tc ohrry ycur disshì, wgfog fs eust hmcuths afbbfount hs bfjafj` tgi dcjiy bcr tgi ha ohdphf`j. Hja stfnn,tgi Dcrtirs dhjhìa tc dcvi 9;=.;;; ocpfis cb Lfnnfj` Fj QgiJhdifj eust h ocupni cb wiils.

Miohusi jcwhahys, dusfo shnis hri af`fthn, fjsthjt hja hvhfnhmnibrcd tgi ocdbcrt cb ycur cwj gcdi. Vcu ohj ivij muy dusfoafriotny cj ycur sdhrtpgcji, acwjncha hja nfstij tc ft wftgfjsiocjas. _c jc vijturfj` cutsfai fjtc tgi ocna, Mrftfsg wfjtir whsjioisshry. Jixt, tgi 9;; dfnnfcj-pnus usirs cj Bhoimccl hja tgistrij`tg cb vfrhn ocddujfohtfcj dhai ft pcssfmni bcr tgi Dcrtirstc ìt tc h nct cb picpnibhstwftgcut spijafj` hjytgfj` dcritghj tfdi hja h mrchamhja bii. Mut rihnny, tgi rihscj wgy tgiYL oghrts wiri gft my tgfs tridijacusny surprfsfj` htthol fsmiohusi wivi oghjìa hs gudhj mifj`s.Vcu sii, Qgi Dcrtirshri fj tgifr dfa-tgfrtfis, wgfog puts tgid hdcj` tgi cnaistdidmirs cb tgi aidc`rhpgfo ljcwj hs @ijirhtfcj J, cr Af`fthnJhtfvis. Cr hs F ohnn tgid fj tgfs mccl, Gcdc Ocjixus. Qgiy hri


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ocjjiotia fj whys tgifr phrijts wirijt. Qgiy tgfjl afbbirijtnybrcd picpni eust h biw yihrs cnair tghj tgid. Qgiy nccl ht tgiwcrna hja ispiofhnny tgidsinvis afbbirijtny. Qgiy biinidpcwiria fj whys jc fjafvfauhns ghvi mibcri. Hja tgiy hri

prfdi didmirs cb tgi Jitwcrl _cofity.

Qgfs fs h aidc`rhpgfo tght h nct cb picpni fj rioijt yihrs ghvigha h ghra tfdi ujairsthjafj`. Qghts wgy ocrpcrhtfcjs ghvispijt h nct cb dcjiy cj ocjsunthjts nfli tgi hutgcr cb tgfs mccl fjcrair tc ujairsthja tgi ghmfts hja jiw ocjsudir dhjjirs cbtgfs ycuj` hja ycuj` haunt aidc`rhpgfo. Vcu wcuna tgfjl tghtQgi W Bhotcrwfjjirs wcuna jcw mi mhjjia bcrivir brcd tgi tcp

cb tgi YL dusfo oghrts ht Ogrfstdhs, rf gt3 Jct sc. Miohusiwgij Ogrfstdhs =;8; ohdi hrcuja, scditgfj` viry typfohn bcrtgi Jitwcrl _cofity ghppijia, wgfog hotuhnny tccl tght yihrsQgi W Bhotcr wfjjir, Dhtt Ohrani, tc #8.

Qgi Jitwcrl _cofity fs hnn hmcut aioijtrhnfzhtfcj hs hdi`htrija. Qgfs fs scditgfj` tgfs mccl wfnn afvi fjtc fj duogburtgir aithfn nhtir cj, mut bcr jcw, giris gcw aioijtrhnfzhtfcjphvia tgi why bcr Dhtt Ohrani hja gfs Pgij Pi Ocnnfaisfj`ni5Mhsia cj tgi suooiss cb tgi Dcrtirs ohdphf`j, h bnurry cbfjftfhtfvis whs hvhfnhmni tgfs tfdi hrcuja. Cji Bhoimccl fjftfhtfviwcuna ghvi picpni muy 1??, h pfioi my Ecgj Ohì ocjthfjfj`jctgfj` mut sfnijoi. Hjctgir fjftfhtfvi whjtia tc put _urbfj Mframy Qgi Qrhsgdij cj tcp, fj hj caa gcdhì tc tgi hjfdhtia QRsirfis Bhdfny @uy. H tgfra fjftfhtfvi trfia tc ìt dithn `rcup[hjtirh tc #8. Hja sc cj. Miohusi tgi dusfo bhjs wgc vctiawftg tgifr whnnits fj tgi rhoi bcr tgi YL Ogrfstdhs judmir cji

wiri spriha cut cvir sivirhn afbbirijt pfiois cb dusfo, jc cjiscj` ocuna miht tgi pcpunhrfty cb Dhtt Ohrani.

Qgi ]hì H`hfjst Qgi Dhogfji ohdphf`j ohdi fjtc ixfstijoifj hj httidpt tc aioijtrhnfzi _fdcj Ocwinns pcwir cvir tgiMrftfsg oghrts. Mut tgij, tght faihmiohdi h oijtrhn pcwir tghtjiiaia tc mi aioijtrhnfzia. Hja tgus, tgi dusfo muyirs sprihatgidsinvis cvir tcc dhjy Ogrfstdhs sfj`nis tc dhli hj fdphot.Mhol fj tgi ihrny phrt cb tgi nhst aiohai, ivirycji whs thnlfj`hmcut ocjvirìjoi. Qght wi wcuna sii tiogjcnc`fis ocjvir`fj`tcwhras ihog ctgir hja bfjhnny dir`fj` sc cji aivfoi ocuna acivirytgfj`. Mut ivij tgcu`g wi jcw ghvi pgcjis tght ohj achndcst ivirytgfj` mut dhli tgi ocbbii, wi stfnn bfja cursinvis


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surrcujaia my `hdi ocjscnis wgiri ycu ohj usi ycur mcay hsh ocjtrcnnir, bnht soriij QRswftg hpps nfli tgi cjis bcr sdhrtpgcjis hja thmnits tght ocdpnfdijt cur nhptcps.

Qiogjcnc`y afajt ocjvirì. Ft `ct aioijtrhnfzia.

Miohusi cb tgfs aioijtrhnfzhtfcj, dhjy picpni bfja ft strissbunhja ixghustfj` tc liip up wftg tgi bnurry cb jiw diafh cut tgiri,brcd ghjagina aivfois tc scofhn diafh cj tgi wim tc tgi gf`g-tiog `haìtry jcw riqufria eust tc whtog ycur bhvcrfti sgcw cjQR.

Hja yit, oirthfj typis cb picpni horcss hnn hì mrholits siid tcmi thlfj` ft fj tgifr strfai. Ivij rinfsgfj` fj tgi dhjycppcrtujftfis tgi Jitwcrl _cofity cbbirs.

Nfli dcst picpni, F usia tc minfivi tght dcairj ocjsudirtiogjcnc`y, gfpjiss hja ycutg wiri ocjoipts tght mincjìatcìtgir. Mut tgij, h ocupni cb yihrs h`c, h strfj` cb ivijts ghadi ixhdfji tgi dhttir, cjny tc bfja tght F whs aiha wrcj`.

Qc ixpnhfj, Fd hbrhfa F ghvi tc riturj tc _fdcj Ocwinn.

_cofhn Diafh Yj-gfpstirs

Cj Hprfn 88tg, =;;6, tinivfsfcj huafijois hnn horcss tgi Yjftia

Lfjàcd sht acwj tc whtog tgi sihscj cpijir cb Mrfthfjs @ctQhnijt, hjctgir hdhtiur thnijt sgcwohsi orihtia my _fdcjOcwinn, wgfog sphwjia cbbHdirfohs @ct Qhnijt. Qgfs whs tgiYL sgcws tgfra sihscj, bcnncwfj` h siocja sihscj tght ghaturjia cut tc mi mnhja hja afshppcfjtfj`.

Vcu sii, tgiri ghajt miij h [hun [ctts fj =;;7.

[hun [ctts whs hj ujhssudfj` oinn pgcji shnisdhj brcd Phniswgc stujjia ivirycji wgij gi bfrst whnlia cj sthì,ujnihsgfj` h tijcr vcfoi tght rfvhnia tgi vcohn fjstrudijts cb tgiwcrnas bcridcst cpirh sfjìrs. [ctts wijt cj tc wfj 8st[rfzi fj=;;0. Yjfqui, surprfsfj` hja gihrtwhrdfj`. Mut wght ghppijia


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fddiafhtiny hbtir [cttss bfrst pirbcrdhjoi fs wght dhlis tgistcry rihnnysf`jfbfohjt. Gfs huaftfcj whs sc ij`h`fj`, sc dcvfj`hja ocdpinnfj`, tght, niss tghj =1 gcurs nhtir, gfs pirbcrdhjoimi`hj murjfj` up VcuQumi. Hja sc, ivij mibcri gi wcj tgi

ocdpitftfcjivij mibcri hjycji cutsfai tgi YL gha ivij siijtght phrtfounhr ipfscai cb Mrfthfjs @ct Qhnijt [hun [ctts whsbhdcus hnn cvir Iurcpi!

Jcwhahys, h vfrhn fjtirjit pgijcdijcj nfli [hun [ctts fs jct hrhri coourrijoi. Ft's phrt cb cur ahfny hdusidijt brcd hdhtiurvfaics cb h pccr lfa rihotfj` tc diafohtfcj hbtir h vfsft tc tgiaijtfst, tc gfnhrfcus Cna _pfoi ocddirofhns5 Fd cj h gcrsi!Hja

scditfdis ft dcvis us, nfli tgi stcry cb Qia Pfnnfhds, tgigcdiniss dhj wftg tgi `cnaij vcfoi. Gi `ct nfbtia cut cb pcvirtyhja nfvfj` cj tgi striit hja tgrcwj fjtc tgi diafh dhogfjiry hjaijaia up wftg h ecm hja h brii ijtry fjtc righm ocurtisy cb Ar.[gfn. Hnn miohusi scdicji bfndia gfd hja put gfd cj VcuQumi.Ivij mibcri [ctts, vfaics cb fdprissfvi, hdusfj` cr eust pnhfjwifra pirbcrdhjois wiri sprihafj` vfrhnny tc tgi wcrnawfaihuafijoi. Ocjsfair @hry Judh Judh Lfa Mrcnsdh, wgcsi nfp-syjogfj`, oghfr-ahjofj` vfaic cb gfdsinb hotfj` cut Qgi OAD[rceiots Arh`cstih Afj Qif sgct gfd fjtc fjtirjit oinimrftysthtus hndcst cvirjf`gt. Cr tgi _thr Phrs Lfa. Cr hjy judmir cbahjofj`, nhu`gfj` cr hacrhmni `ur`nfj` mhmfis. Cr sfdpny hlfttij cj h pfhjc.

Pght whs ujfqui hmcut tgi [hun [ctts pgijcdijcj whs gfsthr`it aidc`rhpgfo. H`hfjst hnn ixpiothtfcjs,[ctts shj` cpirh.Hja hntgcu`g scdi `rcups cb tiijs hja ycuj` haunts cjnfji

hotuhnny ac ijecy cpirh, cr ht nihst df`gt ijecy tgi jcvinty cb hoinn pgcji shnisdhj wftg h `canfli vcfoi, ft whs jcttgi ycuj`huafijoi si`dijt tght spriha tgi wcra hmcut gfd. Ft whs `rcwj-ups. _ijfcrs, ivij. Qgfs bniw rf`gt fj tgi bhoi cb wght ivirycjifjonuafj` tgi sc-ohnnia ixpirts minfivia hmcut tgi fjtirjithja scofhn diafh ht tgi tfdi. [icpni tgcu`gt tght scofhn diafhpnhtbcrds wiri cjny bcr tiog-shvvy, ocjjiotia af`fthn jhtfvis. Fjctgir wcras, ycuj` picpni.Hs ft turjs cut, tgfs whsjt tgi ohsi.

Gcw ac wi ljcw3 Pinn, bfrst cb hnn, wgij [hun [ctts rinihsia gfsaimut hnmud, Cji Oghjoi, hbtir gfs =;;0 vfotcry cj Mrfthfjs @ctQhnijt, ft qufolny miohdi hj fjtirjhtfcjhn sdhsg gft. Ft wijt tc #8


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cj tgi oghrts fj Hustrhnfh, Lcrih, @irdhjy, Frinhja, JiwUihnhja, _wiaij hja Jcrwhy.

Ft rcsi tc #? fj Dixfoc, #9 fj _phfj hja #= fj tgi Jitgirnhjas.Ivij cj tgi dcst ocvitia oghrt fj tgi wcrna, tgi Y_Hs ghra-tc-orholMfnnmchra Qcp =;;, tgi hnmud rihogia h viry fdprissfvi#=?! Hja hnn cb tgfs ivijwftgcut Mrfthfjs @ct Qhnijthfrfj`hjywgiri cutsfai tgi YL.

Ft afajt stcp tgiri. QR sthtfcjs hnn hrcuja tgi wcrna pfolia up cjtgi [ctts pgijcdijcj. Qgi sfjìr/shnisdhj bcuja gfdsinb cjtgi Cprhg hja h gcst cb ctgir Y._. hja fjtirjhtfcjhn QR sgcws.

Qgfs, cb ocursi, ginpia spur dcri hnmud shnis. Mut gi wcunajivir ghvi `cttij tgi oghjoi tc mi cj tgisi sgcws, hja sinn hnntgcsi hnmuds, ixoipt bcr hnn tgcsi dhturi, cpirh-ncvfj` fjtirjitusirs hrcuja tgi wcrna, sprihafj` tgi vfaic cb tgfs fdprcmhmnicpirhtfo sijshtfcj.

Mut, eust hs dhjy cb us wiri hssudfj` tght tgi [hun [cttspgijcdijcj whs h cji-tfdi, sijshtfcjhn ivijt tght ocunaghppij cjny cjoi, ùiss wght3

Ft ghppijia h`hfj!

Pgij hnn tgcsi YL tinivfiwirs tujia fjcj Hprfn 88tg, =;;6 bcrtgi _ihscj Qgrii cpijir cb Mrfthfjs @ctQhnijt, tgiy wirigcpfj` bcr hjctgir [hun [ctts. Qgiy wiri guj`ry bcr hjctgirpirbcrdir tc jct cjny aiby ocjvijtfcjhn nccls hja mighvfcr, muthnsc `fvi sijfcr VcuQumi usirs h oghjoi< cjoi h`hfj, tc dhlitgifr prisijoi bint fj tgi scofhn diafh rihnd.

Hja mcy, afa tgiy ìt tght oghjoi!

_ushj Mcyni, h 10-yihr cna _octtfsg wcdhj, tccl tgi sthì tcsfj` F Arihdia h Arihd, brcd tgi gft dusfohn Nis Dfsrhmnis.

_gi siidia ujnfli hjycji wgc sgcuna mi cj sthì, mhsia cjpcpunhr jctfcjs cb wght h sfj`fj` sthr sgcuna nccl nfli. _giidmcafia vfsuhn oghrhotirfstfos stirictypfohnny hsscofhtia wftgbcnls aisoijaia brcd h ncj` nfji cb _octsdij5 h sturay mufna< hj


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ujruny dhji cb ghfr< sdhnnfsg, ahrl iyis< ujocdprcdfsfjìyimrcws< tiitg tght wiri bhr brcd pirbiot hja h ruaayocdpnixfcj.

Mut hnn tght whs bcr`cttij tgi fjsthjt sgi cpijia gir dcutg tcsfj`. Hj hjìns vcfoi schria hmcvi tgi huafijoi, spinnmfjafj`tgid, nftirhnny mrfj`fj` tihrs tc tgifr iyis.

Mrfthfjs @ct Qhnijtgha hjctgir [hun [ctts cj tgifr ghjas. Muttgfs tfdi, sijfcrs cj tgi wim wiri dcri rihay tc aihn wftg tgipgijcdijcj.Eust bcur ahys hbtir gir hppihrhjoi cj tgi sgcw,bfbtiij dfnnfcj picpni gha whtogia gir Mrfthfjs @ct Qhnijt

huaftfcj cj VcuQumi. Pftgfj jfji ahys, tght judmir wcuna rfsitc cvir 8;; dfnnfcj vfiws.

Hs wftg [hun [ctts, tgiri whs hmscnutiny jctgfj` fj _ushjMcynis nccls cr vcfoi tght wcuna siid nfliny tc hppihn tc hycuj` huafijoi. Jiftgir wiri gir scj` ogcfois ixhotny thrìtiacj h tiij cr ycuj` haunt huafijoi. Fj aidc`rhpgfo tirds, girthrìt huafijoi whs aibfjftiny ht viry ycujìst tgi ?;+ ocgcrts.Fj ctgir wcras, `rcwj-ups.

Jcw, giris wghts fjtiristfj` hmcuttgcsi `rcwj-ups cj VcuQumi. Qgiri hri hs dhjy cb tgid hstgiri hri tiijs. Hoocrafj` tc tgi Xuhjtohst wimsfti trholfj`sirvfoi, hs cb Dhy =;8;. 82% cb hnn Y_ VcuQumi usirs wiridcri tghj 9; yihrs cna.==% wiri mitwiij ?9 hja 16. Hjahndcst tgi shdi piroijthì, =8%, hppnfis tc tgi 8?-80 yihrcnas.

Clhy, tc mi rihscjhmni5 tgiri hri dhjy dcri picpni cnair tghj

9; tghj picpni mitwiij 8? hja 80. Mut tgi bhot tght VcuQumihuafijois ?9 hja ycujìr dhli up 90%, hja tgcsi cnair tghj?9 dhli up ?7%, cjny `cis tc sgcw tght tgi ycuj` huafijoishri jc ncjìr h guì dhecrfty fj tgi scofhn diafh sphoi.

Qgiyri stfnn tgi dhecrfty, yis, mut fj jc why cvirny acdfjhtfj`. Ftoirthfjny bnfis fj tgi bhoi cb tgi jctfcj tght scofhn diafh fs cjny htrija hdcj`st tgi ycuj`. Hja suri ijcu`g fj Huùst =;8;, [iw

]isihrog Oijtirs Fjtirjit hja Hdirfohj Nfbi [rceiot rivihnia hsurviy tght sgcwia tght 1=% cb sijfcrs wiri jcw ij`hìa fjscdi scrt cb cjnfji scofhn jitwcrlfj`prfdhrfny Bhoimccl.


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Qgi stcrfis cb [ctts hja Mcyni sgcw gcw tgi jitwcrl scofity fsjcw suog h mf` phrt cb ivirycjis iviryahy nfbi. Qgi rihog cbcjis wcras hja hotfcjs, hja tgi hmfnfty tc siil ljcwniaì, hrijcw vfrtuhnnyujnfdftia.Hja wiri hnn phrt cb tgfs rivcnutfcjhry

jiw rihnfty, bcr mittir cr wcrsi. Nfli ft cr jct.

Qght shfa, tgiri hri cmvfcusny scdi hdcj` us wgc ghvi h mittirujairsthjafj` cb tgi Jitwcrl _cofity tghj ctgirs. Ispiofhnnyycuj` picpni wgc ghvi `rcwj up aurfj` tgfs tfdi ohjt minfivitght nfbiwhs ivir hjy afbbirijt, hjy niss fjtirocjjiotia. Qgifrsijsi cb rihnfty stids brcd tgi bhot tght tgi wgcni wcrna nftirhnnyfs ht tgifr bfjìrtfps. Brcd tgfs hooinirhtia rihnfty sprfj`s h

spiofhn ocjsofcusjiss tght ivirytgfj` fs pcssfmni. ]ihnfty fsbnixfmni tc tgid. Fts mcuja tcìtgir fj h jitwcrltght tgiy ohjtrhvin brcd pcfjt tc pcfjt. Fb cji stcp acisjt shtfsby tgid, tgiyohj sfdpny dcvi cj tc tgi jixt.

Qgifr ocjsofcusjiss fs mrchair,tgifr prfcrftfis hri afbbirijt, tgifrhmfnfty tc ocjoijtrhti fs liijir, hja tgifr `rfp cj tgi wcrna fsnf`gtir. Qgiy idmcaytgi jitwcrl struoturi fj whys tgi rist cb uswfnn jivir ujairsthja. Hja tgfs thlis tgid miycja diriocjsofcus tgfjlfj`, wgfog aibfjia Gcdc _hpfijs.

Qgifr nfvis hri aibfjia my tgifr ocjjiotiajiss.

Qgiy hri tgi Ocjjiotia GudhjsGcdc Ocjixus.

Qgiy hri afbbirijt brcd tgcsi wgc stfnn stfol tc tgi vhnuis cb tgiFjaustrfhn scofity.

Qgi scni purpcsi cb tgfs mccl fs tc ginp picpni ujairsthjaGcdc Ocjixus hja tgi Jitwcrl _cofity.

Mut fj crair tc ac tght, F wfnn ghvi tc thli ycu mhol fj tfdi. QgiJitwcrl _cofity afa jct sthrt wftg tgi mrihltgrcu`g cb tgi

Fjtirjit. Hs wi sghnn sii fj tgi bcnncwfj` oghptirs, cur ocjsofcusutfnfzhtfcj cb wght fs rihnny h wcrna cb jitwcrls (tght ghvi hnwhysmiij giri), sthrtia rf`gt hbtir Pcrna Phr FF. Ft sthrtia wftg tgiafsocviry tght tgi mrhfj fs rihnny h jitwcrl, tgij ft `riw tgrcu`g


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tgi fjvijtfcj cb oinn pgcjis, ocdputir jitwcrls, shtinnfti QR ujtfnwi bfjhnny `ct tc h pnhoi wgiri ft jc ncjìr dhlis sijsi tcafstfjùfsg mitwiij hjy cb cur ocjjiotia aivfois. Hja fj rioijtyihrs, tgi afsocvirfis cb jitwcrls fj cur mcafis hja jhturi ghvi

dhai ijcrdcus ocjtrfmutfcjs tc pgysfos, diafohn hja scofhnsofijoi hja cur ujairsthjafj` cb gcw tgi wcrna wcrls hjagudhj mifj`s bujotfcj.

Hnn cb tgfs wfnn mi rivihnia cj tgi bcnncwfj` phìs, hs F thli ycucj h ecurjiy cb tgi gfstcry cb tgi Jitwcrl _cofity hja gcw GcdcOcjixus ohdi tc mi. Hbtir tght, F wfnn sgcw ixpnhfj tgiafbbirijois mitwiij Fjaustrfhn Dhj hja Gcdc Ocjixus my

pnhofj` Gcdc Ocjixus fj sittfj`s ycu hnrihay ljcw. Mut bfrst, ftfs fdpcrthjt tc ujairsthja gcw dhecr ivijts hja oghjìs fj curnfvis fdphot us hs wi `rcw up. My ujairsthjafj` ocgcrt tgicryycu dhy ocdi tc ujairsthja gcw oirthfj vhnuis stfol wftg ushja scdi acjt. Hja wgy tgiri dhy mi niss ohusi bcr ocjoirjtghj ycu tgfjl.

Vcu sii, ht tgi ocri cb hnn tgi tudmnis hja turdcfn cb tgitrhjsftfcj brcd Qgi Fjaustrfhn _cofity tc Qgi Jitwcrl _cofity fstgi ocjoipt cb suaaij hooinirhtfcj. Qgi Jitwcrl _cofity ohdifjtc ibbiot miohusi cur ocddujfohtfcjs ohphmfnftfis `cthooinirhtia viry hmruptny, siij cvir oijturfis cb tfdi.

Mut tght ghs hotuhnny ghppijia cjoi mibcri.


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OGH[QI] CJI5

H JIP ]IJHF__HJOI

Fj 89;? tgiri whs h mf` hja mcfstircus wiaafj` hdcj`st tgi eitsit cb tgi tfdi fj Bncrijoi, Fthny. Qgi rfog wihvir Hjìnc Acjfwhs tc dhrry gfs mincvia Dhaahnijh _trczzf, ahu`gtir cbcji cb

Qusohjys dcst pcwirbun bhdfnfis. Acjf ncvia hrt. Gi whs cji cbtgi mijibhotcrs wgc suppcrtia Qusohjys ]ijhfsshjoi phfjtirsbfjhjofhnny, riùnhrny ocddfssfcjfj` hrt wcrls. (Fj 89;9 gi wcunaghvi gfs pcrtrhft phfjtia my tgi `riht ]hpghin.)

Acjfs wiaafj` whs tc mi spiofhn. Qc oinimrhti gfs juptfhns, gihpprchogia cji cb tgi dcst scu`gt-hbtir hrtfsts, DfoginhjìncMucjhrrctf, tc dhli h phfjtfj` cb tgi gcny bhdfnyDhry, Ecsipghja tgi mhmy Eisus.

Ht tgfs tfdi, Dfoginhjìnc whs bfjfsgfj` cji cb gfs dcst riviriasounpturistgi sthtui cb Ahvfa, wgfog whs aistfjia tc sthja fjbrcjt cb [hnhzzc Rioogfc, Bncrijois ofty ghnn. Dfoginhjìncswgcni nfbi tc tgfs pcfjt gha miij aiafohtia tc dhrmni hjasounpturis. Mut Acjf whjtia gfd tc orihti hj cfn phfjtfj`. Qgfsprcvia tc mi jc prcmnid bcr Dfoginhjìnc, wgc dhjhìa tc ìth acumni bii bcr gfs wcrl, hntgcu`g Acjf gha trfia tc ìt gfd tc

ac tgi ecm bcr ghnb prfoi. _cditfdis hrtfsts ac ljcw gcw tcmhr`hfj!

Fj ihrnfir yihrs, Dfoginhjìnc gha stuafia phfjtfj`, mut gha stuoldcstny tc slitogfj`. Mut tgi phfjtfj` gi afa bcr gfs phtrcj, jcwljcwj hs tgi Acjf Qcjac, fs h gihrt-wrijogfj`ny mihutfbun hjabcr fts tfditiogjfohnny supirfcr phfjtfj`. Ft fs tgi bfrst rihnDfoginhjìnc phfjtfj` wi ljcw cb. Hntgcu`g ft fs shfa tc ghvigha nfttni rispiot bcr phfjtfj` hs hj hrt,Dfoginhjìnc wijt cj tcmiocdi hs bhdcus bcr gfs phfjtfj`s hs bcr gfs sounpturis. Ht tgitfdi, ft siidia cvirwgindfj` tght scdicji wgc whs h thnijtiahja ixpirfijoia sounptcr sgcuna mi sc ihsfny pirsuhaia tc thlicj h phfjtfj` prceiot. Fjaiia, suog hj ijtirprfsi wcuna riqufri h


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vfrtuhnnyafvfji thnijtwgfog, fj bhot, dhjy tgcu`gt Dfoginhjìncafa ghvi, upcj siifj` gfs wcrl ht tgi _fstfji Oghpin.

Mut gfs phfjtfj` slfnn hncji whsjt tgi fssui. Cur pcfjt fs rhtgir

tght Dfoginhjìnc whs h trui ]ijhfsshjoi Mifj`.

Ihrny 82tgOijtury Fthny whs h bhjthstfo gctmia bcr tgiaivincpdijt cb dhj. Qgi fjafvfauhn ocddujftfis hja ofty-sthtiswiri bhr brcd aidcorhtfo. Mut hbtir tgi Mnhol [nhùi ghabfjfsgiashvh`fj`Fthny, tgiri whs h `rihtir cpijjiss hdcj` tgirfog hja pcwirbun tcwhras ivirytgfj` tght ijrfogia nfbifjonuafj` hrt hja nftirhturi. Ht tgi shdi tfdi, hjtfqui sorfpturis

surbhoia wgij diafivhn dcjhstirfis wiri onihjia cut hbtir tgirhvhìs cb tgi pnhùi. Faihs brcd ihrnfir tgfjlirs wiri `fvijjiw nfbi, tghjls tc pcits hja wrftirs nfli Ahjti hja Dhogfhvinnf.Ljcwniaì whs jc ncjìr dcjcpcnfzia my tgi ogurog, hja tgibfjhjofj` cb brisg tgfjlfj` ohdi brcd wihntgy bhdfnfistgiphtrcjs cb oghjì.

Qgfs fs wgy Dfoginhjìnc whs hmni tc iauohti gfdsinb subbfofijtnytc phfjt tgi

Acjf Qcjac. Qgfs whs h jiw aivincpdijt fj tgi

gfstcry cb Dhj. Qgi rioc`jftfcj tght cji dhj ocuna ixoin fjdcri tghj h sfj`ni hrih, whs qufti rivcnutfcjhry, mut ivij dcrisc whs tgi jctfcj tght hjy dhj ocuna iauohti gfdsinb. Qgfsidpcwirdijt cb tgi fjafvfauhn whs qufti h rhafohn ocjoipt fjtght ahy hja hì.

Qgi shdi aivincpdijt tccl pnhoi, pirghps ivij dcri sc, fjtgiohsi cb Dfoginhjìncs inair rfvhn Nicjhrac ah Rfjof, wgcsi

ìjfus idmrhoia ij`fjiirfj`, pgfncscpgy hja pgysfos hs winn hstgi hrt cb phfjtfj`. Ah Rfjof hja Dfoginhjìnc hri tgi dhfjixhdpnis cb wght wi ohnn ]ijhfsshjoi Dij. Dihjfj` dijwgc utfnfzia tgi jiw tccns ht tgifr afspcshn tc mrihl brii brcdrinf`fcus ac`dh hja tgi ocjbcrdftfis cb tgifr irh.

Fjaustrfhn Dhj

Qgiris h strhf`gt nfji brcd tgi idhjofphtfcjs cb tgi]ijhfsshjoi tc dcairj dhj. Brcd tgi ]ijhfsshjoi `riw tgi


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Ijnf`gtijdijt, wftg fts ujocupnfj` cb rinf`fcj brcd tgi hutcorhoycb tgi hrfstcorhoy.[irghps tgi dcst rivcnutfcjhry tiogjcnc`y tcocdi cut cb tgi ]ijhfsshjoi whs Ecghjj @utijmir`socjtrfmutfcj tc tgi wcrna5 Qgi fjvijtfcj cb dcvhmni typi.

Qgi dcjcpcny cj tgi afstrfmutfcj cb ljcwniaì whs mrclij, sctght ft whs jc ncjìr eust lfj`s hja ogurogis wgc aibfjia tgitrutg. Hs h ocjsiquijoi, iauohtfcj whs aidcorhtfzia, hntgcu`gft wcuna thli dhjy yihrs bcr ft tc miocdi truny wfaispriha. Qgfswhs tgi bcujafj` prfjofpni wgfog hnsc phvia tgi why bcr]ijhfsshjoi Dhj5 tgi pcssfmfnfty cbhja tgi briiacd tc misiilfj` jiw ljcwniaì, hja hoqufrfj` slfnns brcd mccls tght

wiri jc ncjìr tgi scni prcauot cb h ghra wcrlfj` dcjlsaiohai cb ghjawrftfj`. Mccls ocjthfjfj` ljcwniaì ocuna midhai dcri qufolny, fj dcri ocpfis, hja mi afstrfmutia wfair hjabhstir. Qgfs rivcnutfcjhry jiw tiogjcnc`y sphrlia afsoussfcjshorcss mcrairs, wgfog fj turj prcdptia tgi pgfncscpgfohnafhncùi cb tgi Ijnf`gtijdijt horcss @irdhjy, Ij`nhja hjaBrhjoi.

Hnsc crf`fjhtfj` fj tgi ]ijhfsshjoi hri tgi pgfncscpgfohnbcujahtfcjs upcj wgfog wi ghvi mufnt cur sinb-ujairsthjafj`.Bcr fjsthjoi, tgi wcrls cb pgfncscpgir ]ij Aisohrtis aipfotdhj hs h sumeiot wgc fs jct cjny ocjsofcus cb gfs surrcujafj`s,mut wgc fjgirijtny siils tc dhli sijsi cb tgid. @utijmir`s`fbt tc tgi wcrna rhfsia hwhrijiss nivins hja gif`gtijia tgifjtinniotuhn afsocursi fj Iurcpi, orihtfj` tgi bcujahtfcj bcrdcairj scofity hnn tgi why fjtc tgi twijtfitg oijtury.]ijhfsshjoi Dhj hs h ocjoipt ohdi hja wijt. _tfnn, tgi

aivincpdijts cb tgi ]ijhfsshjoi wiri tgi ohthpunt tghtprcpinnia gudhjfty fjtc h jiw irh, nftirhnny h rimfrtgh ri-jhsoijoicb Dhj.

Hja tgfs fs tgi aivincpdijt wiri wftjissfj` cjoi h`hfj.

Eust nfli @utijmir`'s fjvijtfcj cb dcvhmni typi oijturfis h`c,hj hmrupt hooinirhtfcj cb gcw wi sghri ljcwniaì fs prcpinnfj`

us bcrwhra hs gudhj mifj`s, orihtfj` jiw whys cbujairsthjafj` tgi wcrna, jiw ounturis, jiw ghmfts, jiw vhnuis.Eust nfli fj tgi 82tgOijtury ]ijhfsshjoi, dhjlfja fs jcwixpirfijofj` hjctgir idhjofphtfcj brcd tgi tfis tght mfja tgispriha cb ljcwniaì. Qgi fjtirjit hja tgi oinnunhr pgcji ghvi


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aidcorhtfzia dhss diafh, sc tght hnn wgc ghvi scditgfj` tcshy ohj shy ft tc tgi wgcni wcrna. Hja tgi afzzyfj` spiia mywgfog tgi spriha cb fjbcrdhtfcj ghppijs jcw dhlis ft ghra bcrpcnftfohn ri`fdis tc liip tgifr picpni minfivfj` mnfjany hja

ujquistfcjfj`ny fj wghtivir trutg tgi ri`fdi cbbirs.

Qgfs hstcjfsgfj` vincofty hnsc dihjs tght jiw faihs`cca hjamhahri aivincpia viry qufolny, hja bcr tght shdi rihscjtgiri hri dcri cb tgid. [icpni ohj ocdi tcìtgir horcssprivfcusny ujgihra-cb afsthjois, fj jitwcrls tght ohj prcauoijiw ljcwniaì, jiw faihs hja jiw fjftfhtfvis, nfli h ujfbfiaocnniotfvi. Pgitgir ft mi `cca, hntrufstfo prceiots nfli Lfvh.cr`

wgiri fjafvfauhns ohj fssui dforcnchjs tc musfjissis fj tgi tgfrawcrna, cr niss dcrhnny phnhthmni cmeiotfvis nfli tgi orihtfcj cbfjtirjhtfcjhn tirrcrfst jitwcrls, tgi rfsi cb jiw jitwcrls ghsthlij rihnfty tc h wgcni jiw nivin. H dcairj-ahy hjhnc` cb@utijmir` hja gfs dcvhmni typi.

Fb ijtirfj` tgi jitwcrl scofity fs ijtirfj` h jiw ]ijhfsshjoi,tgij wi wfnn nfliny sii hj iquhnny fdpcrthjt hja dfja-mrchaijfjàivincpdijt fj tgi jihr buturi, hs tgi cji ixpirfijoia mitwiijtgi 8?tg hja tgi 80tg oijturfis. Mut tgfs tfdi ft fsjt eust hquistfcj cb mrihlfj` hwhy brcd tgi scofithn fjstftutfcjs tght gcnaDhj mhol. ]htgir, fts h quistfcj cb mrihlfj` hwhy brcdfjaustrfhn scofitys gfirhrogfohn tgfjlfj` tgi faih tght suooissnfis ht tgi ija cb ghra nhmcr, hja ht tgi tcp ruj` cb h nhaair.

Qgfs jiw ]ijhfsshjoi fs tgi rihnfzhtfcj tght wi hri hnn phrt cb h`riht jitwcrl, wgirivir wi dhy mi fj tfdi hja pgysfohn pnhoi. Ft

dhy ivij mi tgi ija cb dhjs ncclfj` upcj gfdsinb hs h sumeiotcppcsia tc tgi wcrnas cmeiots ripnhoia fjstiha my h dfjasitfj wgfog wi ocjsfair cursinvis hnn ocjjiotia tc cjihjctgir.Qgcsi wgc `rcw up fj tgfs hooinirhtia, gypir-fjti`rhtiawcrna wfnn jivir bunny ujairsthja tght ft whs ivir afbbirijt. Qgifrpiroiptfcj cb tgi wcrna wfnn mi tght ft fs cji mf` jitwcrl wgiriivirytgfj` fs ocjjiotia hja fjtirpijitrhtfj`.

Qgifr why cb ocjsudfj`, scofhnfzfj`, pgfncscpgfzfj`, wcrlfj`,ocddujfohtfj` hja ncvfj` fs afbbirijt. Qgfs dhlis tgid hafbbirijt lfja cb gudhj mifj` tghj tgi gudhj mifj`s wi ghviljcwj mibcri. Eust hs picpni mibcri hja hbtir tgi ]ijhfsshjoiwiri viry afbbirijt brcd cji hjctgir, tgiri fs h guì `hp


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bcrdfj` mitwiij Gcdc Fjaustrfhnfs hja Gcdc Ocjixus. Cjoih`hfj, tgfs mccl fs wrfttij fj hj httidpt tc mrfaì tght `hp. Cjiwhy cb ixpnhfjfj` gcw tgisi typi cb scofithn oghjìs ohj hbbiottgi vhnui sits hja mighvfcrs cb sivirhn ìjirhtfcjs, fs tgi faih

cb Ocgcrt Qgicry.


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OGH[QI] QPC5

DI HJA DV OCGC]Q

Ehjuhry 8=, 860? whs qufti hj ipfo ahy bcr ycurs truny sfjoi tgfswhs tgi ahy F whs mcrj. Mut bcr ivirycji insi mut di, dy dcd,aha hja scdi ixtijaia bhdfny, ft whs hnn hmcut Qgi Lfj`. Invfs[risniy whs cj h sthì fj Ghwhff. Gi whs bfndfj` tgi rigihrshnsbcr gfs duog hjtfofphtia ocjoirt,Hncgh Brcd Ghwhff, wgfog whstc mi mihdia tc tgi wgcni wcrna vfh shtinnfti h ocupni cb ahysnhtir.

Qgi ocjoirt, thpia cj Ehjuhry 8=tg, 860?, gha twc cmeiotfvis5Bfrst, ft whs tc mi h ruj-tgrcu`g cb tgi mf` ivijt sogiaunia bcrtwc ahys nhtir. _iocja, ft whs aisf`jia tc prcvfai tgi prcauoirswftg mrchaohst-wcrtgy ocjtijt tgiy ocuna hfr fj ohsi scditgfj`

wijt wrcj` wftg tgi nfvi shtinnfti trhjsdfssfcj. Pgij tgi sgcwhfria twc ahys nhtir wftgcut h gftog, ft whs fjaiia h sijshtfcj._htinnfti trhjsdfssfcjs gha miij siij mibcrihs wftg tgipfvcthn mrchaohst cb tgi nujhr nhjafj` fj 8626mut tgfs whs tgibfrst tfdi hj ijtirthfjdijtivijt gha miij mrchaohst vfh shtinnftitc tgi wgcni wcrna.Bcrty dfnnfcj picpni brcd Hsfh hja Iurcpiwhtogia wgfni Invfs pirbcrdia wght dhjy ocjsfair tgi bfjhndidcrhmni ocjoirt mibcri gfs trh`fo aionfji, wgfog oundfjhtia fjtgi fjbhdcus hoofaijthn cviracsi cj gfs tcfnit fj 8600. (Y_vfiwirs afajt ìt tc ixpirfijoi tgi sgcw ujtfn tgrii dcjtgsnhtir, hs tgi Acnpgfjs wiri pnhyfj` tgi ]iaslfjs fj _upirmcwnRFF cj tgi ahy cb tgi ocjoirt)

Qgi bhot tght F whs mcrj hrcuja tgi shdi tfdi ijtirthfjdijtwijt `ncmhn ghsfj h viry rihn whyaibfjia dy nfbi. F mincj` tctgi Qinivfsfcj @ijirhtfcj, nits ohnn us tgi QR@. Qgi QR@irswiri tgi bfrst tc ghvi tght squhri wcjair-mcx bcr h jhjjy,

wgijivir dcd hja aha wiri tcc musy.

Qgi ìjirhtfcj mcrj fj tgi 860;s ghs jivir ljcwj h wcrnawftgcut QR. Hja sc bcr us, tinivfsfcj miohdi tgi Yjafsputia


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Hutgcrfty. Pgfni cur phrijts ìjirhtfcjwcjt minfivi hjytgfjùjtfn ft ghs miij prfjtia fj h jiwsphpir, bcr us h trutg fsjt h trutgujtfn scdi thnlfj` giha ghs spclij ft cj QR. Fj tgi dfjas cb hnnQR@-irs, gudhj gfstcry mibcri tinivfsfcj fjvhaia cur nfvfj`

rccds siids quhfjt, ujivcnvia, mholwhras. Jct tc mi thlijsirfcusny. Qc tgi QR@, gfstcry sthrtia hja ijaia wftg QR. Hs hlfa `rcwfj` up fj Iurcpi, ft whs fj jc why surprfsfj` crfdprissfvi tght tgi 867= _cooir Pcrna Oup brcd _phfj whstrhjsdfttia nfvi vfhshtinnfti tc cur gcdis. My tgij ft whs eust h`fvij.

Qgi Pcrnas Bfrst Cjnfji Ocjvirìjoi Diafud3

Fj Iurcpi. tgiy ghvi scditgfj` ohnnia Qinitixt.Fts h tgfrty-yihrcna tiogjcnc`y tght dhjy picpni tgcu`gt wcuna afi hwhy wgijtgi Fjtirjit `ct cut tc tgi dhssis fj tgi dfa-jfjitfis. Qurjs cutQinitixt whs h nfttni dcri risfnfijt tghj tght. Mut tgi bhot tght tgfscna, prfdftfvi fjbcrdhtfcj tiogjcnc`y fs stfnn hnfvi tcahy fs jct tgirihn fssui giri. Fts wght ft dihjt tc tgcsi wgc `riw up fjJcrtgirj Iurcpi fj tgi 7;s tght dhlis ft issijtfhn tc

ujairsthjafj` tgi Jitwcrl _cofity hja Gcdc Ocjixus.

Qinitixt prfdia h wgcni ìjirhtfcj bcr tgi ocdfj` cb tgi Fjtirjithì.

Ivij tgcu`g sivirhn httidpts wiri dhai, Qinitixt jivir dhaift mf` fj tgi Y._. Mut fj Iurcpi, hja phrtfounhrny fj _ohjafjhvfh, ftrihnny ixpncaia wgij ft whs fjtrcauoia fj tgi ihrny 7;s. Ft fsmhsfohnny h ohthncùi cb tixt phìs ycu ohj riha cbb ycur QR._crt cb h wgcni soriij bfnnia wftg mrcwshmni af`fthn tixt,risidmnfj` oncsia ohptfcjfj`, eust hnn cvir tgi soriij.

Qc wcrl ft, ycu prissia tgi spiofhn Qinitixt muttcj cj ycurridcti, wgfog swftogia tgi QR fjtc tixt dcai (Dihjwgfni, tgiscuja cb wghtivir sgcw ycu wiri whtogfj` whs stfnn pnhyfj` fjtgi mhol`rcuja.) Cjtc tgi soriij wcuna pcp h Qhmni CbOcjtijts wftg wcrna jiws, QR nfstfj`s, spcrts socris, wihtgir

ripcrts hja ctgir rinivhjt stubb, jixt tc h tgrii-af`ft judmir. Qcvfiw tght phìs ocjtijts, ycu sfdpny pujogia fj tgi hpprcprfhtitgrii-af`ft judmir cj ycur ridcti. Qgi ocjtijt whs usibun. Mutmy tcahys cr ivij yistirahys sthjahras, tgi `rhpgfos wiri


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truny tirrfmni. Qgfjl bfrst ìjirhtfcj Hthrf `hdfj` ocjscniofroh8678hja hnn tixt. Mut ft wcrlia nfli h oghrd. Vcua ìt tgifjbcrdhtfcj ycu whjtia rf`gt hwhy. Fj tgi Y._., h Qinitixt-styniasystid ohnnia Iniotrhrhj brcd 867; tc 866?, mut fb ycu afajt

ghvi h tinivfsfcj sit prcauoia my Uijftg,ycu ocunajt usi ft.Ctgir ncohn tinivsfcj-mhsia tixtfj` sirvfois sprhj` up, nfliDitrctixtbrcd LQQR fj Ncs Hjìnis, hja h biw ctgir bnia`nfj`fjftfhtfvis. Mut QR tixt phìs jivir rihnny tccl cbb fj tgi _thtis hstgiy afa fj Iurcpi.

F onihrny rididmir tgi ahy fj 867?, wgij dy ogfnagcca brfijaBniddfj` ohdi cvir tc tinn di tght gfs bhdfny gha eust mcu`gt h

jiw tinivfsfcj, hja tght ft whs h pritty trfolia-cut cji.Pgijivir scdicji mcu`gt h jiw QR fj tgcsi ahys, ft whs h mfàihn. Ivij sc, Bniddfj`s bhdfnys jiw QR whs ixtrh spiofhn.Jct cjny afa ft ghvi stiricpgcjfo scuja (wcw!), ft gha Qinitixt.Pgij F bfrst shw Qinitixt ht Bniddfj`s gcusi, F tgcu`gt dygiha wcuna ixpncai. Hs h mf` sofijoi-bfotfcj bhj, ft whs h dfja-mncwfj` ixpirfijoi tc sii tght giri hja jcwfj tgi jcj-bfotfcjwcrnaft whs pcssfmni tc ritrfivi fjbcrdhtfcj, hja tc `cruddh`fj` hrcuja, phì my phì, tgrcu`g hj ijtfri ujfvirsi cbtcpfos. Qgfs whs tgi bfrst tfdi F gha bint hjy sijsi cb ocddhjacvir wght tccl pnhoi cj tgi QR soriij. Ft whs cj-aidhjafjbcrdhtfcj wgfog whs mifj` upahtia briquijtny. Ft whsjt tgijiws cj tgi rhafc cr QR, bcr wgfog ycu gha tc whft ujtfn tgiprcpir tfdi. Ft whsjt tgi dcrjfj` phpir, wgfog wcuna hnrihay micutahtia my hbtirjccj. Qgi tgcu`gt cb mifj` hmni tc punnfjbcrdhtfcj up cj ycur QR soriij, ht wfnnfjbcrdhtfcj tght whsocjsthjtny mifj` ribrisgiawhs h rivcnutfcj tc us fj tgi

Qinivfsfcj @ijirhtfcj. Bcr scdi cb us ft whs hj ihrny `nfdpsi cbhj fjtirocjjiotia jitwcrl scofity fj h jct tcc afsthjt buturi. Ftwhs dy bfrst thsti cb wght ft biins nfli tc mi cjnfji. Ocjjiotia!

Jctgfj` wcuna ivir mi tgi shdi h`hfj.

Ivij tcahy =.9 dfnnfcj picpni h wiil fj dy jhtfvi Aijdhrl (ghnbtgi pcpunhtfcj!) stfnn usi Qinitixt, wgfog dhlis ft cji cb tgimf`ìstfb jct tgimf`ìstjiws diafh fj tgi ocujtry. Fjocujtrfis nfli Qgi Jitgirnhjas, @irdhjy, Brhjoi hja tgi Y.L.tgfs ?;-yihr-cna tiogjcnc`y fs stfnn mifj` usia my h sumsthjtfhnhdcujt cb picpnifjonuafj` lfas.


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Qgfs ridhfjs trui ivij hbtir tgi bncurfsgfj` cb tgi fjtirjit hjatgi I[@s cb tgi af`fthn tinivfsfcj irh. Qgi bhot tght F, hja dypiirs brcd tgi Qinivfsfcj @ijirhtfcj, ohj rididmir tgi virydcdijt wgij Qinitixt hppihria, dhlis qufti h sthtidijt. Ftwhs tgi prcvirmfhn nfji arhwj fj tgi shja, hbtir wgfog cur nfvismi`hj nurogfj` fj h wgcni jiw afriotfcj. Qgfj`s wcuna jivir mitgi shdi. Ft whs h nfbi-oghj`fj` nf`gtjfj` mcnt. Qgi havijt cbQinitixtridhfjs h vfvfa didcry, thlfj` oijtir sth`i fj dy thnicb dysinb, eust ht tgi tfdi wgij dy faijtfty whs mi`fjjfj` tcixpirfijoi dhecr oghj`is.

Qgi MMOs virsfcj cb Qinitixt fs ohnnia Oiibhx, giri sgcwfj`scdi scooir risunts cj h tumi QR. Ft whs nhujogia fj 8601 hja

ixpixtia tc ruj ht nihst ujtfn =;8=.

Cmvfcusny, F acjt pirscjhnny rididmir tgiHncgh Brcd Ghwhffocjoirt. Mut Fvi hnwhys thlij tgi faih cb shtinnfti mrchaohsts bcr`rhjtia, eust hs mctg dy phrijts hja F thli iniotrfofty bcr `rhjtia.


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Ohj ycu hotuhnny ijvfsfcj h nfbi wftgcut rujjfj` whtir3 Qc dijcw, ft hnn biins hs fb ahfny nfbi whs jivir hjy afbbirijt. Hja yit,Qinitixthja tgi fjtirjit hri tgfj`s tght ohdi fjtc mifj` cjny fjdy cwj nfbitfdi.

Pgij Qinitixt bnhsgia fjtc dy nfbi, F whs cjny 8; yihrs cna. Fj8669, tgi wim hja i-dhfn fjvhaia dy nfbi, hja cjoi h`hfj dydfja `ct mncwj. My tgi 6;s, dcmfni pgcjis wiri scditgfj`dcst picpni ocuna hbbcra, hja whjtia tc spija dcjiy cj.Fdh`fji hnn tgcsi 6;s lfas, miocdfj` scofhnny hwhri fj tgi wcrnawi ljcw tcahy.

Qcahys 8;-scditgfj`s ohjt fdh`fji nfbi wftgcut tgi fjtirjit,oinnunhr pgcjis, bfni sghrfj` hja scofhn jitwcrls, eust hs F ohjtfdh`fji nfbi wftgcut shtinnfti QR trhjsdfssfcjs. Ivij tgifr cnairsfmnfj`s, wgc ohdi cb hì hrcuja =;;6, biin tgfs why. Miohusibcr hjycji mcrj fj 8668, ft whs tc mi cjny mi bcur yihrs ujtfn tgifjtirjits ixpncsfvi mrihltgrcu`g fj tgi Pistirj wcrna. Yjnissycuri thnlfj` tc scdicji wftg h pritirjhturhnny liij didcry,tgiy ohj cjny vhùiny riohnn Dcd hja Aha mrfj`fj` tgi bfrstdcaid fjtc tgi gcusigcna. Cr wgij tgiy shw h oinn pgcji bcrtgi bfrst tfdi. Qgi Jitwcrl @ijirhtfcj thlis tgi fjtirjit hja oinnpgcjis bcr `rhjtia, fj tgi shdi why shtinnfti trhjsdfssfcjs hrithlij bcr `rhjtia my tgi Qinivfsfcj @ijirhtfcj. Duog nfli h lfawgc whs mcrj cj tgi ahy Invfs rigihrsia bcr gfsHncgh brcdGhwhffsgcw.

Qgi hppihrhjoi cb Qinitixt, hncj` wftg tgi nhtir idirìjoi cbtgi pirscjhn ocdputir, wiri suog aibfjfj` dcdijts bcr us.

Qgisi dcdijts pnhyia h dhecr rcni fj sghpfj` us hs aurfj` curbcrdhtfvi yihrs, hja tinn us scditgfj` hmcut gcw wi wfnn hot bcrtgi rist cb cur nfvis. Qgi sofijoi migfja tgisi tgcu`gts fs ohnniaOcgcrt Qgicry. Hja ft miocdis phrtfounhrny fjtiristfj` wgij winccl ht tgi ìjirhtfcjs tc wgcd tgi hrrfvhn cb tgi fjtirjit hjaoinnunhr pgcjis hri aibfjfj` dcdijts.


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H Mi`fjjirs @ufai Qc Ocgcrt Qgicry

Fj tgifr nhjadhrl mccl Aibfjfj` Dhrlits, Aibfjfj` Dcdijts,

@icbbriy Diriaftg, Oghrnis _ogiwi hja Ehjfoi Lhrncvfogaisorfmi gcw thrìtia ocjsudirs fj afbbirijt dhrlits hrisghpia hja ocncria my aibfjfj` dcdijts fj tgifr nfvis. Qgihutgcrs ocjonuai tght dcairj dhrlitfj` dust mi dcri priofsi.Qc dhli h disshì riscjhti wftg hjy `fvij thrìt huafijoi,ycu jiia tc ujairsthja tgid mittir. Gcw sc3 Qgiy wrfti5

Cur hpprchog bcousis cj tgi faih tght tc aivincp h rhppcrtwftg, hja ujairsthjafj` cb, ycur oustcdirs, ycu dust thp fjtc

tgi nhtijt biinfj`s hja vhnuis bcrdia wgij tgiy wiri ocdfj` cbhì, h tfdi tght bcr dcst cb us bhnns rcu`gny mitwiij tgi hìs cb80 hja =?. Pgfni fj tgfs hì sphj, ycur oustcdirs nfliny binn fjncvi bcr tgi bfrst tfdi, miohdi iocjcdfo mifj`s, aivincpia tgifrcwj vhnui systids, ixpncria jiw faihs, hja, issijtfhnnymiohdi haunts. Ocdfj` cb hì fs h viry pcwirbun tfdi, hja tgivhnuis tght hri fjstfnnia tgij nhst h nfbitfdi. Pi usi tgi tirdìjirhtfcjhn ocgcrt tc ribir tc `rcups cb picpni wgc wijt

tgrcu`g tgfs fdpcrthjt sthì ht rcu`gny tgi shdi tfdi.

Qgiris hjctgir why cb shyfj` tgfs.Fb tgi rihscjfj` fj Aibfjfj`Dhrlits, Aibfjfj` Dcdijts fs rf`gttght nfbi-vhnuis fj Hdirfohhri aibfjia mitwiij hìs 80 hja =? tgij tght aibfjftfcjprcmhmny ghppijs h nfttni ihrnfir tc Iurcpihjs. Iurcpi ghs hdcri nfmirhn httftuai tcwhras ycuj` picpni ixpncrfj` nfdfts, hjatgfs fdphots tgifr sumsiquijt sinb-aibfjftfcj.

Cji ixhdpni fs tgi ni`hn hì ht wgfog ycuj` picpni hri hnncwiatc muy hja usi hnocgcn. Fj Iurcpi ft fs mitwiij 89 hja 87, wgfni,fts =8 hnn horcss tgi Yjftia _thtis. Mut bcr tgi shli cb hrùdijt,nits hooipt tgi hì-nfdfts prisijtia fj tgi mccl. Fts miijrcu`gny 82 yihrs sfjoi tgi fjtirjit miohdi oijtrhn tc cur nfvis.Qgfs whs fj 8669, eust hs tgi oinnunhr pgcji mncsscdia hs h`haìt tght ivirycji sfdpny gha tc ghvi. Qgfs dihjs wi ghvigha 82 yihrs wcrtg cb h Jitwcrl Ocgcrt ocjsfstfj` cb 80- =?-

yihr-cnas. Yppir ija didmirs cb tgfs ocgcrt wiri mcrj hs bhrmhol hs 860=. (cr 860?, tgi yihr Invfs shj` tc tgi wcrna vfhshtinnfti.)


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Qgfs ixpnhfjs wgy wi ohjt eust aibfji tgi Gcdc Ocjixus `rcuphs ocjsfstfj` cb tiijs cr ycuj` haunts. Gcdc Ocjixusis hrioncsfj` fj cj tgifr bcrtfishja tgij wi hrijt ivij ocujtfj` tgicjis tght hri cnair, hja wgc hri thlfj` cj tgi Gcdc Ocjixus

nfbistyni. Gcwivir, ft fs ivfaijt tght ycuj` picpni tcahy hrisghpia my tgi bhot tght tgiy ghvi jivir ljcwj h wcrna wftgcutvhst jitwcrlfj` pcssfmfnftfis. Ft ohrvis tgifr faijtftfis cut cbjitwcrls tgiy fjghmft.

Fj tgi Cotcmir =;;8 iaftfcj cb Cj Qgi Gcrfzcj(DOM Yjfvirsfty[riss, Cotcmir =;;8), wrftir hja i-nihrjfj` spiofhnfst Dhro[rijsly pumnfsgia Af`fthn Jhtfvis, Af`fthn Fddf`rhjts. Gi

aisorfmis tgi afbbirijoi mitwiij Af`fthn Jhtfviswgc ghvijivir ljcwj h wcrna wftgcut fjtirjit hja oinn pgcjishjaAf`fthn Fddf`rhjts, wgc hri rioijt hrrfvhns fj h wcrna wgiri tgiyohj mhriny spihl tgi af`fthn nhjùhì. Gi acisjt spiofby wgfogmfrtg yihrs quhnfby scdicji hs h Af`fthn Jhtfvi. Mut gi acisstriss tght tgi tird pritty duog aisorfmis gfs prisijt stuaijts,wgc hri hmcut tc nihvi ocnniì. Hdirfohj ocnniìs ìjirhnny`rhauhti stuaijts hrcuja hì == cr =? . _c, sfjoi tgi hrtfoniwhs wrfttij fj =;;8, wi dhy hssudi tght [rijsly tgfjls ycusgcuna mi brcd hrcuja 8607 tc mi h phrt cb @ijirhtfcj J, A,V cr U, hs tgfs ocgcrt fs hnsc ohnnia.

Hnncwfj` h vhrfhmni cb 9 cr 2 yihrs tc hoocddcahti jhtfcjhn hjafjtirjhtfcjhn afbbirijois fj gudhj dhturhtfcj, tgi `rcup wcunahnsc fjonuai tgcsi mcrj fj tgi ihrny 860;s. Qgi afbbirijoi fs tghtjct ivirycji mcrj fj tgi 860;s fs my jhturi h OcjjiotiaGudhj. Cj tgi ctgir ghja, prhotfohnny hnn picpni mcrj hbtir 866;

hriOcjjiotia Gudhjs. Hja tgi cnair jitwcrl picpni hri, tgibiwir jitwcrl piirs tgiy hri nfliny tc ghvi wgc hri tgifr cwjhì. Qgfs, hs dijtfcjia ihrnfir, dhlis tgi Gcdc Ocjixusocgcrt qufti h afvirsi orcwa, jct tfia my judirfohn hì, mutrhtgir my fjgirijt vhnuis, scofhn phttirjs hja dfjasit. Hjahswi sghnn sii fj upocdfj` oghptirstfdi hja pnhoi hri jctfcjstght hri phrtny afsscnvia fj tgi Gcdc Ocjixus piroiptfcj cb tgiwcrna.


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OGH[QI] QG]II5

GCDC OCJIWY_ F_ MC]J

@fhjt aivincpdijthn nihps, nfli tgi trhjsftfcj brcd Fjaustrfhn Dhjtc Gcdc Ocjixus, acjt thli pnhoi cvirjf`gt. Jcr cvirwiil. Jctivij cviryihr.

[hrhaf`d sgfbts thli tfdi tc sfjl fjtc h ounturi.

Hbtir @utijmir` fjvijtia dcvihmni typiuntfdhtiny ijhmnfjìvirycji tc iauohti tgidsinvisft stfnn tccl dhjy aiohais bcrwght wi df`gt ohnn ]ijhfsshjoi Dhj tc mncsscd. GcdcOcjixus ghs miij iquhnny ncj` fj tgi dhlfj`. Qgi scofhnocjaftfcjs tght prcdcti ocjjiotfvfsd ahti why mhol tc tgi dfa-87tg Oijtury. Qgi tiogjcnc`fohn mrihltgrcu`gs tght nia tc tgi

idirìjoi cb tgfs jiw typi cb gudhj mifj`, sthrtia mhol fj tgi86tg oijtury. Hja my tgi ija cb tgi =;tgOijtury, h ocjstinnhtfcjcb tiogjcnc`fis, sofijtfbfo risihrog, ounturhn pgijcdijh hjaivijts ocdmfjia tc mrfj` tgi faihn cb hj fjtirocjjiotia scofitytc rihnfty.

Onihrny, fj spfti cb wght cb scdi ixpirts wcuna shy, ft whsjteust tgi fjtrcauotfcj cb tgi fjtirjit tght sit tgi sthì bcr GcdcOcjixus. Oinn pgcjis hja ctgir ghja-gina scofhn diafhtiogjcnc`fis hri eust hs fdpcrthjt hs tgi fjtirjit fj tgfs ri`hra.Ctgir bhotcrs fjonuai shtinnfti QR, tgi aivincpdijt hjahbbcrahmfnfty cb pirscjhn ocdputirs hja ctgir prfvhtitiogjcnc`fis, tgi bhnn cb tgi Mirnfj Phnn hja ctgir ocjstftuijts cbwght wi ohnn `ncmhnfzhtfcj. Hnn cb tgisi inidijts hri fjtirrinhtia.Fb wi nccl upcj tgfs jitwcrl cb bhotcrs hja ivijts, wi ìt hmfras iyi vfiw tght ixpnhfjs wgy jcwfs tgi tfdi tght GcdcOcjixus fs bfjhnny rihay tc diit tgi wcrna.

Fj tgfs oghptir hja tgi cjis tght bcnncw, wi thli h oncsir nccl httgisi bhotcrs. Pgy fs ujairsthjafj` `ncmhnfzhtfcj sc oruofhn tctgi ujairsthjafj` cb Gcdc Ocjixus3 Pght wcuna ghvi


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ghppijia fb ft gha jivir miocdi jhturhn tc cwj h pirscjhnocdputir3 Hja jct nihstwght ghs tgi dcmfnipgcjiocjtrfmutia tc cur sijsi cb sinb3 Fts fdpcrthjt tc rioc`jfzi tgiscofhn prc`rissfcj tght `hvi mfrtg tc Gcdc Ocjixus. Brcd

ocgcrt tgicry wivi nihrjia tght aibfjfj` dcdijts ohj fdphottgi faijtfty cb h wgcni ìjirhtfcj. Jcw nits nccl oncsir ht tgcsiaibfjfj` dcdijts tght `hvi mfrtg tc Gcdc Ocjixus.

Qgi (Hutc)Dcmfni [gcji

Qgiris h rihscj h Bfjjfsg ocdphjy, Jclfh, ghs miocdi tginhrìst dcmfni pgcji prcauoir fj tgi wcrna. Qgi dcmfni pgcji

whs mcrj fj _ohjafjhvfh. Mibcri tgi duntfpurpcsi pcrthmniocddhja oijtirs wi hnn ohrry fj cur pcolits tcahy, tgi dcmfnipgcji whs prfdhrfny scditgfj` tght mincjìa fj h ohr. Gijoi tgitird. Qgi fjftfhn rihscj bcr tgfs whs tght tgi mhttiry hja tgitrhjsdfttir wiri sc nhrì, tght cji jiiaia h trujl bcr tgitrhjspcrthtfcj cb tgid. Qgi ohrs mhttiry whs jiiaia tc pcwirtgi pgcji. Qgi bfrst dcains wiri tfia fjtc h oijtrhn swftogmchra.Vcu afhnia fj tc tgi swftogmchra, wgfog tgij bcrwhraia ycur ohnn.

Qgiri wiri biw oghjjins tc ogccsi brcd, hja scditfdis ycuocuna gihr ctgir ocjvirshtfcjs ujairjihtg ycur cwj. Qgi trhbbfowhs hjhnc`, jct af`fthnny ijoryptia hs ft fs tcahy. Qgfs mhsfohnnydihjs ycu ocuna muy h rhafc briquijoy sohjjir hja tuji fj tcohr pgcji briquijofis fb ycu whjtia tc ihvisarcp cjocjvirshtfcjs. Fts h `cca tgfj` tght suog thnl rhriny aihnt wftgdhttirs cb jhtfcjhn siourfty, mut dcstny hmcut hppcfjtdijtsogiaunis, pfzzh crairs hja jctfoi tght ycu wiri rujjfj` nhti

aui tc ghssnis wftg trhbbfo.

Ogfnarij cb tgi 860;s shw tgfs shdi pgijcdijcj `rcwfj` up,rcu`gny hrcuja tgi shdi tfdi tght Qinitixthja tgi [O ijtiriacur nfvis.

Dy bhtgir whs shnis dhjhìr bcr h ocjstruotfcj dhogfjiryocdphjy. Hs suog gi whs hj ihrny mfra wgij ft ohdi tc ohr

pgcjis, ghvfj` gfs fjsthnnia fj 867?. Qwc yihrs nhtir, gi whscji cb cjny 88;,;;; _ohjafjhvfhjs wgc gha h pgcji fj tgifr ohr.Hs wftg Qinitixt, wgfog prcvfaia ocjsthjtny upahtia, cj-aidhjafjbcrdhtfcj, ft whs dfja-mncwfj` tc mi hmni tc ocjjiot wftg tgi


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ijtfri wcrna, brcd hjywgiri ht hnnivij fb ycu afa ghvi tc ac ftbrcd ycur ohr, hja tgi ocjjiotfcj gha hnn tgi huafc bfainfty cb hPcrna Phr FF-vfjthì whnlfi-thnlfi.

Fj bhot, ft whsjt ncj` hbtir Pcrna Phr FF tght dcmfni pgcjitiogjcnc`y ohdi fjtc ixfstijoi. Qgi bfrst ohr pgcji ocjvirshtfcjtccl pnhoi cj Aioidmir ?ra, 869;. _turi Nhugrj, h ?0-yihr cnaij`fjiir pfolia up tgi pgcji hs gi whs arfvfj` pihoibunny hncj`tgi Rhshvìj fj _tcolgcndfj h vhj mincj`fj` tc tgi jhtfcjhn,_wiafsg tiniocddujfohtfcjs prcvfair Qinivirlit. Ft whs cjny htfdi ogiol sirvfoi cj tgi ctgir ija cb tgi ohnn, mut stfnn Nhugrjwhs ixoftia. Qght sfdpni pgcji ohnn whs tgi risunt cb dhjy yihrs

cb priphrhtfcj suooissbunny put tc tgi tist. Ft whs h `riht dcdijtwgij gi hotuhnny suooiiaia fj ìttfj` tgrcu`g. Qgi pgcji,mhttiry, trhjsdfttir hja hooisscrfis wif`gia 77 pcujas fj hnn.Jct h aivfoi ycua mi nfliny tc onfp cj ycur mint cr snfp fjtc ycurpursi. Mut ft whs h sthrt. Ft whs hjctgir bfvi yihrs mibcri tgi bfrstbunny hutcdhtfo dcmfni pgcji systid whs cbbiria bcr fjsthnnhtfcj.

Gcwivir, tght systid cjny wcrlia fj _tcolgcnd. Hjctgir dhecrcmsthoni ridhfjia. Fj crair tc dhli h ohnn, usirs jiiaia afriotrhafc ocjthot wftg tgi oijtrhn swftogmchra tgiy wiri hbbfnfhtiawftg. Qcahy wi ohj snfp sdcctgny brcd cji oinn tc hjctgir. (Oinnfs tgi tiogjfohn tird bcr tgi sija/rioifvi sthtfcjcr hjtijjhtcwirtght tgi pgcji ocjjiots tc, hja my ixtijsfcj, tgi hrih ftocvirs.) Mut ht tght tfdi ft whsjt pcssfmni tc ghja h ohnn brcdcji oinn tc hjctgir. Fb ycu ncst rhafc ocjthot wftg ycur oinn, winn,ccps!Qcc mha. Qgi ohnn ijaia. Qgiri whs cjny cji oinn fj_tcolgcnd ht tgi tfdi, sc ft rihnny afajt dhttir.Fj 8692 hjctgir

oinn whs isthmnfsgia fj @ctgijmur`. Qght dihjt tght Nhugrjssystid (ohnnia DQH,Dcmfni Qinipgcji _ystid H) jcw sirviagcna cjh `rhja tcthn cb 86 dcmfni pgcjis fj _tcolgcnd hja 7fj @ctgijmur`! Yp tgrcu`g tgi 862;s hja 860;s tgi oinns`rhauhnny `riw fj judmir, tgi pgcjis tgidsinvis miocdisdhnnir, hja tgi faih cb dcmfni pgcjis `hfjia wfair hooipthjoi.Fj tgi ihrny 867;s, JDQ fjtrcauoia tgi bfrst phj-Jcrafo systidwftg rinfhmni, sdcctg ghjacvir, hvhfnhmni tc hnn.8

8Dcmfni pgcji tiogjcnc`y whs hnsc mifj` aivincpia fj tgi _cvfit Yjfcj. Fj

8690, Nicjfa Luprfyhjcvfog ohdi up wftg tgiNL-8, h dcmfni pgcji wgfog


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Dihjwgfni, fj tgi Y._., Minn Nhmcrhtcrfis gha miij wcrlfj` cjdcmfni pgcji tgicry sfjoi 8610, hja wiri, hdcj` ctgir tgfj`s,wcrlfj` cj wght wi ohnn tgi afstrfmutia prfjofpni. Qgfs dihjttght, fjstiha cb cji mrchaohst dhst fj tgi dfaani cb tgi oinn (cr

trhjsdfssfcj hrih), dcri dhsts wiri pnhoia fj h gixh`cjhnhrrhy, cji fj ihog ocrjir. Bcr suooissbun vcfoi trhjsdfssfcj, tgidhsts gha tc mi hmni tc sija hja trhjsdft fj tgrii afbbirijtafriotfcjs sfdunthjicusny (h prfjofpni wgfog fs stfnn fj ibbiot). Qgicjny prcmnid whs tght fj tgcsi ahys ft whsjt pcssfmni tc ac fjtgi rihn wcrna. Hntgcu`g tgi tgicry wcrlia pirbiotny winn cjphpir, tgi tiogjcnc`y ghajt miij fjvijtia yit. Burtgir, tgi Y._.tiniocddujfohtfcjs hutgcrftfis gha jct yit pirdfttia usi cb tgi

jioisshry briquijofis.

Hja hs tgi Ocna Phr isohnhtia tgrcu`gcut tgi 869;s, tgiHdirfohjs dcvia tgifr bcous hwhy brcd tgi ofvfnfhj tinipgcjidhrlit hja ocjoijtrhtia cj dfnfthry ocddujfohtfcjs fjstiha.Pgij tgi _cvfit Yjfcj tccl tgi niha fj tgi sphoi rhoi mynhujogfj` _putjfl fj 8690, [risfaijt Ifsijgcwir hja gfs(scdiwght stujjia hja idmhrrhssia) hadfjfstrhtfcj rihotiawftg h nfst cb jiw fjftfhtfvis tc mcnstir tgi Y._. aibijsi pcsturi.

Cji cb tgisi whs tgi H][H (Havhjoia ]isihrog [rceiotH`ijoy), wgfog whs tc miocdi tgi jistfj` `rcuja bcr tgifjtirjit. H][H gha h mua`it bcr cbbirfj` aivincpdijt-aihns tcdhjy prfvhti ocdphjfis fj tgi Y._., hja ocjsiquijtny ft miohdi

ocuna mi ocdbcrthmny ohrrfia hmcut my h pirscj. QgiNL-8(Nicjfas fjftfhns ocfjofaijoi3) whsjt pirbiot my cur sthjahra. Mut ft whs h stip bcrwhra.

Pif`gfj` fj ht cjny 2.2 nms, ft gha hj ibbiotfvi rihog cb ?; ditirs eust ujair8;; biit wftg bhr dcri mhttiry pcwir tghj dcst ctgir dcains tgij fj sirvfoi.Gi bcnncwia up wftg h pcolit dcain fj 8697 wgfog wif`gia eust cvir cjipcuja.

Qght shdi yihr, tgi Y__] nhujogia h jhtfcjhn ohdphf`j tc `fvi ofvfnfhjs hooisstc dcmfni pgcji tiogjcnc`y. Fj 862? tgiHnthy systid whs fjtrcauoia fjDcsocw. My 860; ft gha spriha tc ?; oftfis horcss tgi _cvfit Yjfcj, mut aui tc

whrfjiss cj mctg sfais cb tgi Frcj Ourthfj, tgi tiogjcnc`y jivir rihogia tgirist cb tgi wcrna.


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dcri nuorhtfvi bcr tgi tiogjcnc`y musfjissis tc aivincp tgfj`s cbdfnfthry rinivhjoi rhtgir tghj, bcr fjsthjoi, prfvhti dcmfni pgcjitiogjcnc`y. Bcr tgfs rihscj, tgi aivincpdijt cb dcmfni pgcjitiogjcnc`y whs put cj gcna fj tgi Y._. ujtfn winn fjtc tgi 862;s,

my wgfog tfdi _ohjafjhvfh hja Ehphj gha hnrihay sthlia cut htiogjcnc`fohn hja dhrlit-crfijtia hpprchog, wgfog `hvi mctgri`fcjs h giha sthrt tgiy ghvi dhfjthfjia tc tgfs ahy.

Qgi Dcmfni [gcji Pftgcut Qgi (Hutc)Dcmfni

Pght dhai dcmfni tiogjcnc`y truny dcmfni whs wgij tgi Y._.`ct mhol fj tgi `hdi. Qgfs ohj mi hooriaftia tc Hdcs I. Ecin,Er., hj ij`fjiir wftg Minn Nhmstgi ocdphjy tght gha wcrliawftg dcmfni pgcji tiogjcnc`y sfjoi eust hbtir Pcrna Phr FF. Fj860;, Ecin afsocviria gcw tc ac hj hutcdhtfo ghjacvir cb hdcmfni pgcji brcd cji oinn tc tgi jixt. Qgfs rimcctia tgiHdirfohj aivincpdijt cb dcmfni pgcji tiogjcnc`y. Fj 8608HQ&Q, tgi cwjir cb Minn Nhms, sthrtia h ncj` ohdphf`j tc ìt tgi

`cvirjdijt tc risirvi oirthfj briquijofis bcr ofvfnfhj dcmfnipgcji usi. Ft wcuna thli 88 yihrs mibcri tgi BiairhnOcddujfohtfcjs Ocddfssfcj bfjhnny `rhjtia pirdfssfcj fj867=.

Jct tght tgi musfjiss ocddujfty afajt try tc fjbnuijoi tgicutocdi my ncmmyfj` hja [] ohdphf`js. Dctcrcnh gha ncj`miij h liy pnhyir fj Hdirfohj rhafc ocddujfohtfcjs.

Qgifr prcauots wiri fddijsiny pcpunhr5 whnlfi-thnlfis< twc-whyrhafcs bcr truolirs hja iqufpdijt bcr hdhtiur rhafc cpirhtcrs.Qgiy jcw ijtiria tgi mhttni tc put dcmfni pgcji tiogjcnc`y cjtgi hìjah. Hja cj Hprfn ?ra, 860? Dctcrcnhs Ar. Dhrtfj Occpirwijt cut fjtc h Jiw Vcrl Ofty striit, bcnncwia my tgi diafh, hjaohnnia Ar. Ecin Ijìn, gfs rfvhn hja brfija, h arfvfj` bcroi migfjaMinns dcmfni pgcji risihrog. Qgfs fs riocraia hs tgi bfrst-ivirpgcji ohnn brcd h ghjagina dcmfni tinipgcji. Hja ft tccl pnhoi

cjny h biw dcjtgs hbtir Invfs shfaHncgh brcd Ghwhff.


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Occpir ohnnia brcd h prctctypi cb DctcrcnhsAyjhtho pgcji,nhtir aummia Qgi Mrfol bcr cmvfcus rihscjs. Qghts rf`gt. Ftrihnny ncclia nfli h mrfol. Mut wght whs bhjthstfo hmcut tgfsfjoriafmny ixpijsfvi prctctypi whs tght ft whs ghjagina. Vcuafajt jiia h dcjstir mhttiry fj ycur ohr tc dhli ft wcrl. Vcuocuna stfol ft fj ycur mrfibohsi, ivij fj tgi pcolit cb ycurcvirocht. Hndcst =; yihrs wiri tc phss mibcri tgfs prctctypiocuna mi usia cj h `rihtir jitwcrl. My tgij, prcauotfcj ghamiocdi sc rihscjhmny prfoia tght tgi hvirhì dhj cj tgi striitocuna hbbcra cji. =

Qgi AyjhQHO 7;;;Wpgcji, wgfog Ar. Dhrtfj Occpir gha

aidcjstrhtia tc h `h``ni cb ourfcus ripcrtirs, whs hpprcvia mytgi BOO fj 867?. _c tgi bcnncwfj` yihr, yuppfis ocuna fdprissbrfijas hja `frnbrfijas my thnlfj` cj tgi pgcji... hjytfdi,hjywgiri. Hs ncj` hs tgiy sthyia fj mf` oftfistgi cjny pnhoiswgfog ohrrfia h sf`jhn. Qgi usi cb tgfs bhjoy, ghjagina dcainwhs stfnn mhsfohnny risirvia bcr tgi hbbnuijt. Mut cvir tgi ocursi cb

=

Fj 8608 Bfjnhja nhujogia tgi bfrst suooissbun ocddirofhn oinn pgcji jitwcrl,ohnniaH][ (tgihpprcprfhti horcjyd bcrHutc]hafc[uginfj, Bfjjfsg bcr hutcrhafc pgcji). Qgi Bfjjfsg giha sthrt cji phrt cb tgi ìjirhnfzia_ohjafjhvfhj giha sthrt wcuna sccj supiroghrì tgi ocujtrys iocjcdy.Ivij ht tgfs wrftfj`, tgi Bfjjfsg ocdphjy Jclfh ridhfjs tgi wcrnas nhrìstprcauoir cb dcmfni pgcji tiogjcnc`y.

Qgi Ehphjisi wiri hnsc ht wcrl cj dcmfni tinipgcjy. Qgi jhtfcjhn pgcjiocdphjyJQQ(Jfppcj Qini`rhpg hja Qinipgcji), acfj` musfjiss hs tgiprfvhtfziaJQQAcocdc,fjtrcauoia Ehphjs bfrst dcmfni pgcji sirvfoi fj 8606.

My tght tfdi tgiH][jitwcrl fj Bfjnhja gha hnrihay rihogia bunn ìc`rhpgfoocvirhì. _c ivij tgcu`g tgi Ehphjisi cbtij onhfd tc ghvi nhujogia tgi bfrstpumnfony hooissfmni oinn pgcji jitwcrl, tgi Bfjjs miht tgid my 7 yihrs. Hs ihrnyhs 8600, wgfniJQQwhs eust mufnafj` fts jitwcrl,H][hnrihay gha scdi 8;,;;;sumsorfmirs.

Qgi tfjy fsnhja sthti cb Mhgrhfj, tuolia hwhy fj tgi [irsfhj @unb, whs hnsc fjtgi `hdi. Fj bhot, tgiy cpijia tgifr pumnfo dcmfni pgcji sirvfoi fj 8607, h yihr

mibcri tgi Ehphjisi.Brcd hrcuja 867; cj, tgiri whs jc turjfj` mhol. Dcmfni pgcjis wiri cj tgidhrog. Qrujl nchaia ohr pgcjis ohdi bfrst. Jixt ohdi dcmfni pgcjis ycuocuna usi hwhy brcd tgi ohr, mut wgfog wiri stfnn tcc mf` tc mi ocjvijfijtnypcrthmni. Mctg ghjas wiri jiiaia tc cpirhti tgid, sc ft ocuna ghrany mi ohnniah ghjasit.


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tgi 7;s hja 6;s, tgi usi cb h vhrfity cb dcains cb mctg ohr hjadcmfni pgcjis miohdi dcri wfaispriha.

Dy Riry Cwj Mrfol

Qgi AyjhQHO whs h tcu`g nfttni aivfn, stfnn fj prcauotfcj =; yihrshbtir fts orihtfcj. Qgi Iurcpihj virsfcj miohdi dy cwj bfrst oinnpgcji. Dy brfija Nhrs hja F gha sghria h `riht phssfcj bcrtiogjcnc`y ivir sfjoi wi wiri sogccnmcys. Hja wgij gisgcwia di gfs mrhja jiw dcmfni pgcji fj 8661, F rivfsftia tght

dfja-mncwfj` sijshtfcj cb 88 yihrs ihrnfir, wgij F thnlia tc dydcd cj dy ahas ohr pgcji hja ixpirfijoia Qinitixt bcr tgibfrst tfdi.

F ljiw tght dy wcrna gha miij ixphjaia. H`hfj.

Jhturhnny F gha gihra cb hja siij oinn pgcjis. Mut F gha jivirgina cji fj dy ghja. Nhrss nfttni mihuty whs tgi Dctcrcnh

AyjhQHO Fjtirjhtfcjhn ?=;;. Ft whs tgi riaisf`jia @_Dvirsfcjcb tgi pgcji, fjtrcauoia tc tgi Hdirfohj dhrlit 8; yihrsihrnfir. Ft whs stfnn Qgi Mrfol, hja ft whs stfnn viry gihvy.

Mut wgc ohria3 Ft whs why occn! Nuolfny bcr di, Nhrs sccj tfriacb ft. _c F fjgirftia ft wgij gi swftogia tc tgi nf`gtir, dcridcairj Jclfh =;8;fj 8669tgi bfrst Jclfh tc rihog tgidhssis. Hja wgij Nhrs sgcwia di gcw tc sija nfttni tixtdisshìs tc ctgir oinn pgcjis, F whs ocdpnitiny wcj cvir. Dywcrna gha oghjìa ocdpnitinyivij fb tgi cjny ctgir pirscj Focuna tixt disshì whs Nhrs. Mitwiij 8669 hja 8662 F wijttgrcu`g bcur afbbirijt oinn pgcjissydptcdhtfo cb tgi whyGcdc Ocjixus wcuna nhtir piroifvi tiogjcnc`y5 hs scditgfj`tght whshja cu`gt tc miocjsthjtny oghj`fj`.

F wijt cj tc thli cvir Nhrss Jclfh =;8;wgij gi mcu`gt gfsJclfh =88;,tgi bfrst mf` oinn pgcji gft. Bcr fts tfdi, ft gha hjixonusfvi aisf`j hja whs afdfjutfviny sfzia. Hja ft gha hjhjtijjh tght ocuna mi punnia cut hja pusgia mhol fj. Qgij, fjtc


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dy nfbi fj qufol suooissfcj, ohdi tgi Dctcrcnh _thrQHOwgfogncclia nfli h ohr wgij tgi ocvir whs sgut, hja ft whs put acwjcj tgi thmni._ccj hbtir tght, hj Hnohtin, hj Irfosscj, hjctgirJclfh, hj Irfosscj h`hfj, Jclfh h`hfj, tgij h _cjy Irfosscj

hja sc bcrtg. Pgfni tgfs whs ghppijfj` fj dy cwj pgcji-nfbi,dcri hja dcri picpni wiri ìttfj` oinn pgcjis. _c jcw wiocuna ohnn cr tixt disshì cji hjctgir ht hjy gcur cb tgi ahy.Hja minfivi di, wi afa.

Cna tinipgcji ounturi whs ripnhoia my jiw. Hs tgi judmir cbpicpni wftg Ohnnir FA dusgrccdia, wi stcppia prisijtfj`cursinvis wgij ohnnfj` scdicjimiohusi wi ljiw tgiy ocuna

sii wgc whs ohnnfj`. Hja wgij hjswirfj`, wia sthrt rf`gt cutwftg myeust shyfj` tgi pirscjs jhdi, cr sfdpny Pghts up3miohusi wiljiw wgc whs ohnnfj` us. Hbtir yihrs cb dcmfnipgcjfj`, ft whs ahwjfj` cj picpni gcw dhjy ghmfts ghaoghjìa brcd tgiHì Cb Qgi Nhja Nfjis. Cji cb tgi tgfj`s tghtsits Gcdc Ocjixus hphrt brcd Fjaustrfhn Dhj fs tghttiniocddujfohtfcj ghs miocdi fjafvfauhnfzia.

Aurfj` tgiHì Cb Qgi Nhja Nfjis, wgij tgi tinipgcji rhj`, ftwhs ocddcj tc try tc priafot wgc whs ohnnfj`. (Vcu hjswirft,fts prcmhmny bcr ycu.)Qgiri whs h tfdi wgij ivirycji fj ycurgcusigcna whs cj tgi shdi nfji. Vcu df`gt pfol up tgi pgcji fjtgi aij, hja gihr ycur sfstir thnlfj` cj tgi ixtijsfcj fj girrccd, hja sgia qufolny mhrl ht ycu tc ìt cbb tgi nfji jcw!Qght siids hmsura tcahy, wgij cur tiniocddujfohtfcjs hricvirwgindfj`ny prfvhti. Mut fj tgcsi ahys, tgi nhja nfji whs tgiai bhotcoijtrhn tght ivirycji fj tgi gcusi gha tc sghri wgij

tgiy whjtia tc ocddujfohti. Qcahy wi fjtirocjjiot cji cj cjitgi vhst dhecrfty cb tgi tfdi. Hs jctia hmcvi, ft ghs miocdifjafvfauhnfzia.Qgfs fs idmnidhtfo cb tgi sih-oghjì brcd tgiFjaustrfhn _cofitys oijtrhnfzia why cb tgfjlfj`, tc tgi Jitwcrl_cofitys ai-oijtrhnfzia dfjasit.

Qgi Mihtnis onhssfo nfji Gcjiy, afsocjjiot tgi pgcjibrcdMhol fj tgi Y._._.]. acisjt dhli sijsi hjydcri. Jctgfj` fspnu`ìa fj hjy dcri. Hja tgi ohnn dhlfj` prcoiauri fs pgysfohnnyafbbirijt. F jcw ghvi afbbfountfis ohnnfj` brcd h nhjanfji. MiohusiFd sc usia tc afhnfj` tgi judmir hjatgijgfttfj` tgi ohnn muttcj,


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fts ujusuhn bcr di tc afhn tgi judmir hja tgij ... whft.Fts hs fbscditgfj` fs dfssfj`. Hri ycu cna ijcu`g tc rididmir wgijycu ohrrfia h nfttni pgcji mccl hrcuja wftg ycu3 Cr h nfst cbfdpcrthjt judmirs cj h snfp cb phpir fj ycur whnnit3 Pgij whstgi nhst tfdi ycu nit ycur bfjìrs ac tgi whnlfj` fj tgi Pgfti[hìs3 Gcdc Ocjixus wcuna ghvi jc faih wght ycu wirithnlfj` hmcut, fb ycu hslia tgid tc ac tght nfttni ixirofsi.

Hja wght hmcut hnn tgcsi judmirs ycu cjoi ljiw my gihrt3 Gcwdhjy ac ycu ljcw tcahy3 Fj tght hrih ht nihst, wi hrijtixirofsfj` cur mrhfj ohphofty hjy dcri. Pia rhtgir usi tghtohphofty bcr scditgfj` insi, miohusi hnn tgi judmirs wi jiia

hri hnrihay prc`rhddia fjtc cur pgcjiscr ihsfny hooissfmnibrcd tgi fjtirjit afriotny tc tgi pgcji.

Qgi ycujìst didmirs cb tgi Gcdc Ocjixus spiofis, tgi sc-ohnnia Af`fthn Jhtfvis, ghvi jivir ixpirfijoia tgihmcvidijtfcjia tgfj`s. Qc tgid, h pgcji judmir fs scditgfj`ycu ìt cjoi, tgij pujog fjtc ycur pgcjis didcry ... tgijbcrìt hmcut. Jcw tgi pgcji ljcws ft, fts jc ncjìr ycurprcmnid! Burtgir, fts jc mf` aihn wgij ycu whjt tc oghjìycurpgcji sirvfoi prcvfair. Vcu ljcw tgiris hnwhys scdi mittir crogihpir sirvfoi, wftg h jiwir, bhjofir pgcji htthogia tc ft. GcwGcdc Ocjixus usis ocddujfohtfcj diafhispiofhnny dcmfnipgcji tiogjcnc`yfs scditgfj` F wfnn ocvir dcri bunny fjOghptir If`gt. ]f`gt jcw, gcwivir, fts tfdi tc thli h nccl ht tgictgir rivcnutfcj tght dhai tgi wcrna rihay bcr Gcdc Ocjixus5tgi fjtirjit.

Diitfj` Qgi Dhlir

[hun Mhrhj whs hnrihay sthjafj` fj tgi accrwhy wgij F punniafjtc gfs arfviwhy. Gi ncclia ixhotny hs F gha ixpiotiacjnywftgcut `nhssis. Hj inairny ìjtnidhj (mcrj fj 86=2 fj wght fsjcw Minhrus) sthjafj` mijihtg tgi whrd Ohnfbcrjfh suj wihrfj`h mnui spcrts eholit, nf`gt phjts hja h stynfsg sgfrt. Mhrhj nfvis fjtgi faynnfo hrih cb Htgirtcj, jct bhr brcd _fnfocj Rhnniy. Fts cji cb

tgi dcst hbbnuijt hja oghrdfj` hrihs cb tgi Y._., hja fts ihsy tcujairsthja wgy gi nfvis giri. Miohusi gi whs tgi bfrst tc aisf`jfts struoturi, [hun Mhrhj fs hdcj` h ghjabun cb picpni wgc ohjni`ftfdhtiny shy tght tgiy fjvijtia tgi fjtirjit. Hja hntgcu`g giwhsjt fjvcnvia fj fts sumsiquijt tiogjfohn aivincpdijt, dhjy


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pgysfofsts h`rii tght gi, dcri tghj hjycji, fs tgi Bhtgir Cb QgiFjtirjit.

Ypcj ihrjfj` gfs Dhstirs Ai`rii fj Ij`fjiirfj` brcd YONH fj

8696, Mhrhj wijt tc wcrl bcr tgi ]HJA Ocrpcrhtfcj, h prfvhtitgfjl thjl hja risihrog cr`hjfzhtfcj, wgcsi mf`ìst onfijt ht tgitfdi whs tgi Y._. Aiphrtdijt cb Aibijsi (ACA). Mhrhj hnrihaygha mrcha ixpirfijoi wftg tgi dfnfthry. Gi gha wcrlia bcr tgiGu`gis Ocrpcrhtfcj bcr bcur yihrs wgfni bfjfsgfj` gfs ai`rii.Gu`gis whs h aibijsi ocjtrhotcr bcr h prfvhti ocdphjyocddfssfcjia tc ainfvir scnutfcjs tc ACA. Mhrhj whs cji cbtgi mrhfjs hssf`jia tc aivincpdijt cb tgi juonihr FOMD Dfjuti

Dhj prceiot. Ivij dcri fdpcrthjtny, hncj` wftg gfs ùfaiadfssfni ixpirfijoi, gi `hfjia fjsf`gt fjtc jitwcrl tiogjcnc`ywcrlfj` cj tgi _H@I (_idf Hutcdhtia @rcuja Ijvfrcjdijt)ùfahjoi systid, fdpnidijtia my h jitwcrl cb rhahr sthtfcjs hnnhorcss tgi Y._. Acis tgi ixprissfcj rcolit sofijoi rfj` h minn3

Qgfs lfja, ìjtny h`fj` ìjfus `ct fjtc dy ohr, hja wi gihaia cbbtc h ncohn risthurhjt tc ac tgi fjtirvfiw cvir nujog. Gi ncclianfli tgi dhj F gha siij fj tgi pfoturis brcd gfs ahys ht ]HJA,cjny jcw gi siidia jct tc jiia tgi gihvy `nhssis gi wcri httgi tfdi. Gfs ghfr gha turjia `rhy, jihrny wgfti. Nfli h`rhjabhtgir tinnfj` gfs `rhjascj hmcut tgi @cca Cna Ahys, giriocujtia gcw gi miohdi tgi bfrst cb dhjy scuns wgcsiocdmfjia ibbcrt orihtia tgi fjtirjittgi fjtirjit tght ghsmiocdi sc oijtrhn tc cur nfvis, tgi hcrth fj tgi gihrt cb GcdcOcjixus. Qgi fjtirjit wi ghvi sc qufolny ocdi tc thli bcr`rhjtia. Qgi rccts cb tgi fjtirjit `c aiip fjtc tgi juonihr hrds

rhoi mitwiij tgi Y._. hja tgi Y__] fj tgi 869;s. Hs Mhrhjrididmirs ft5

F `ct fjtc tgfs my h viry ourfcus phtg. Qgi mf` fssui ht tgi tfdiwhs strhti`fo ocddhja hja ocjtrcn ocddujfohtfcj. F ecfjia tgi]HJA Ocrpcrhtfcj, wgfog fs sit up tc wcrl fj tgi jhtfcjhnsiourfty hrihft whs sit up aurfj` Pcrna Phr FF tc prisirvi tgicpirhtfcjhn ohphmfnfty tght tgi Hfr Bcroi gha aivincpia. Ft ghssfjoi `cji cj tc acfj` dhjy ctgir tgfj`s, mut ht tgi tfdi, tgiocna whr tijsfcj mitwiij tgi Y._. hja tgi Y__] whs ixtridiny`riht. Mctg sfais wiri mufnafj` juonihr wihpcjs hja tgifrainfviry systids, hja tgiri whs h rihnfzhtfcj, tght wgfogivirsfai wijt bfrst wcuna prcmhmny aistrcy tgi ctgir ocujtry. _c tgiri


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whs h tridijacus bihr cb scdimcay `cfj` cbb ujfnhtirhnny. Qghtwhs tgi ijvfrcjdijt ht tgi tfdi, hja tgiri whs h rihnfzhtfcj tghtivij fb scdimcay bfria tgifr wihpcjs eust tc aistrcy tgi ctgirùys wihpcjs, shy tgi Y._., tgi rioifvfj` phrty, tght tgi

ocnnhtirhn ahdhì wcuna thli cut tgi tinipgcji systid. Hja hsfj`ni gf`g hntftuai juonihr murst wcuna thli cut hnn gf`gbriquijoy ocddujfohtfcj, sc tgij tgiri wcuna mi jcocddujfohtfcj tc ocjtrcn tgi wihpcjs.

Mhrhj dhai ft onihr tc di tght gfs prfdhry `chn whs tc wcrl cjocddujfohtfcj phtgs aurfj` whrtfdi wgij pgcji nfjis hja gf`gbriquijoy rhafc ocddujfohtfcjs wiri tgrihtijia.

Qgi prcmnid wftg tgi tinipgcji systid bhnnfj` hphrt whs tgiswftogfj` oijtirs. Qgiri wirijt viry dhjy, wi tijaia tc mufnagf`gny oijtrhnfzia systids, hja eust ljcolfj` cut h biw cb tgidhecr oijtirs tccl ivirytgfj` cut.

Ft fs cbtij shfa tght tgi fjtirjit whs orihtia my tgi Y._.Aiphrtdijt Cb Aibijsi bcr dfnfthry purpcsis. Qgfs fsjt 8;;%ocrriot. Ivij tgcu`g tgi ACA bujaia fjftfhtfvis tght wcunaivijtuhnny niha tc tgi orihtfcj tgi fjtirjit, ft whs untfdhtiny fjhohaidfh tght tgi fjtirjit bfrst shw tgi nf`gt cb ahy. Mut ft whsfjocjjiotfcj wftg [hun Mhrhjs ibbcrts tc scnvi tgi prcmnids wftg hvunjirhmni ocddujfohtfcj systid, tght gi gft cj scditgfj` tghtwcuna oghjì tgi wcrna bcrivir.

_c wcuna ft mi pcssfmni tc mufna tgi jitwcrl afbbirijtny,afstrfmutia, scrt cb h bfsgjit3 F ixhdfjia tgfs cji, hja bcuja tght

hs ycu fjorihsia tgi judmir cb nfjls, ycu `ct tc h riaujahjoycb hmcut twc hja h ghnb cr tgrii tc cji. Fj ctgir wcras, twc hjaghnb hs dhjy nfjls hs ycu jiiaia eust tc ocjjiot tgi systidtcìtgir fj tght bhsgfcj. Qgij hj fjtiristfj` pgijcdijcj tcclpnhoi, wgiri tgi systid miohdi viry rcmust. Hja ycu ocunaogcp ft up hja dhli pfiois tght survfvia wftg h viry gf`gprcmhmfnfty cb mifj` hmni tc sii cji hjctgir.

_c Mhrhjs `riht afsocviry whs tght, my fjorihsfj` tgi nivin cbtgi nfjls fj tgi jitwcrl, hja tgirimy aiorihsfj` tgi fdpcrthjoicb oijtrhn gums, h sturafjiss idirìa tght spriha tc tgi rist cbtgi jitwcrl. Qgi jitwcrl miohdi cji ocjjiotia ijtfty, wgiritgi sud cb fts phrts whs hs fdpcrthjt hs tgi fjafvfauhn phrts. Jcw


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tgfs bfjafj` whs tc mi hppnfia tc iviryahy usi. Hja bcr iviryahyusi, ft whs jioisshry tc ghvi dcri cb ivirytgfj`.

F sthrtia haafj` up hnn tgi ocddujfohtfcj riqufria, hja turjiatgi prcmnid hrcuja. F trfia tc `fvi id sc duog ocddujfohtfcjtght ft wcuna mi iquhn tc cr dcri tghj tgiy gha ht tgi tfdi.

Pgfni Mhrhj whs wcrlfj` cj tgfs hmujahjoi cb ocddujfohtfcjphtgs, h jiw faih ijtiria gfs dfja, wgfog hnsc coourria tc twcctgir risihrogirs ht hmcut tgi shdi tfdi, fjaipijaijt cb [hunMhrhjs wcrl. Qgfs jiw faih fs jcw siij hs bujahdijthn tc tgidcairj jitwcrl faih. Ft fs issijtfhn tc gcw tgi fjtirjit wcrls,

gcw oinn pgcjis wcrl, ivij gcw jitwcrls wftgfj cur mcafisoinns bujotfcj.

Fts hnn hmcut pholits.

@cca tgfj`s ocdi fj sdhnn pholits

Mhrhjs cmeiotfvi fj orihtfj` gfs sturay jitwcrl (wgiri phrtsocuna mi ncst wftgcut tgi systid ftsinb mifj` ncst) whs tc orihti hwhy bcr h disshì tc hnwhys ghvi hj hntirjhtfvi rcutfj`pcssfmfnfty. Fj ctgir wcras, fb h disshì gft h aiha-ija hjywgiricj fts why tgrcu`g tgi systid, tgiri wcuna mi hjctgir isohpircuti tc tgi riofpfijt.

Pi ljiw ft wcuna jct mi pcssfmni tc syjogrcjfzi ihog cb tgisinfjls. Pi gha tc ac ft hsyjogrcjcus. Qgi cjny why tc ac tght whstc mrihl ivirytgfj` up fjtc viry sdhnn pholits, hnn cb tgi shdisfzi, hja triht ihog pholit hs h siphrhti disshì wftg ijcu`gfjtinnfìjoi bcr ft tc bfja fts why tgrcu`g tgi jitwcrl._c tgi faihwhs rihnny mhsia cj tgi fjhmfnfty tc syjogrcjfzi h jitwcrl nflitght. Hja tgij wi shfa, winn fb ycu ac tght tgij iviry nfjl ocunaruj ht fts cwj spiia, wgfog dihj wi ocuna liip h nct cb bhofnftfisfj pnhoi. _c tghts wgiri tgi faih ohdi brcd...tgi jioissfty cb

pholits.

Qgi faih cb h afstrfmutia jitwcrl cb pholits, siphrhti afsoritiinidijts ocdmfjfj` tc orihti cji disshì ht tgi ija, whs


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fjspfria my Phrrij DoOunncog, cji cb Mhrhjs brfijas. Gi whsacfj` risihrog cj gcw tgi mrhfj prcoissis disshìs. Myafsocvirfj` jiurhn jitwcrls, gi ginpia sthrt wght wi jcw tgfjlcb hs tgi oymirjitfo dcvidijt. Dcri cj tgfs fj Oghptir Bcur,

wgij wi nccl fjtc tgi wcrlfj` cb mcay jitwcrls. Qgi faih cbpholits wijt my afbbirijt jhdis, hja hs h dhttir cb bhot,Mhrhjs aibfjftfcj afajt ija up mifj` tgi ìjirhnny hooiptiacji.

F ohnnia tgid disshì mncols, hja hmcut 9 yihrs nhtir, AcjhnaAhvfis fjaipijaijtny ohdi up wftg tgi shdi faih, hja gi ohnniatgid pholits, hja tgi wcra pholit whs h duog mittir ogcfoi

bcr wcras.

Acjhna Ahvfis (86=1-=;;;) whs h Pinsg sofijtfst wgc mi`hjwcrlfj` bcr tgi Mrftfsg Jhtfcjhn [gysfohn Nhmcrhtcry fj 8610. Giwhs phrt cb h sdhnn tihd hjogcria my tgi mrfnnfhjt Ij`nfsgocdputir niìja Hnhj Qurfj`, wgc rivcnutfcjfzia ocdputirprc`rhddfj`. Qurfj` whs mufnafj` h ocdputir systid ohnniaHOI bcr tgi Mrftfsg `cvirjdijt. Ahvfis ecfjia tgi tihd, hjanhtir cj gihaia h prc`rhd tc hppcrtfcj `cvirjdijt bujafj` tctgi Mrftfsg ocdputir fjaustry. Hrcuja tgfs tfdi gi ocjoifvia tgijctfcj cbpholit swftogfj`Mhrhj dijtfcjs fj tgi qucti hmcvi.[holit swftogfj` fs tgi shdi prfjofpni hs tgi cji Mhrhjafsoussis, h disshì fs spnft fjtc nfttni pholits tght hri sijthsyjogrcjcusny cut fjtc tgi jitwcrl, mut wgfog tgij pccn fjtccji mf` pholit upcj rihogfj` tgi riofpfijt. Mhrhj gha aisorfmiatgi prfjofpni tc ]HJA mitwiij 862; hja 862=, hja tgisi faihsuntfdhtiny idirìa fj h prcpcshn bcr fdpnidijthtfcj fj 8621. Qgi

rihscj Mhrhj pribirs Acjhna Ahvfiss tirdpholit swftogfj`,ivij tgcu`g tgfs whsjt fjtrcauoia ujtfn 8629, fs miohusipholitsfs dcri ibbfofijt tird bcr scditgfj` mifj` sijt< wftg hsijair, h riofpfijt hja h tfdi-aisf`jhtfcj sthdpia cj ft.Dcairj ahy ocdputirs cj tgi jitwcrl ohj ihsfny riphfr hjydfsthlis fj tgi ocddujfohtfcj rcutis, tgirimy ijsurfj` h sthmnibncw cj tgi fjtirjit. Mut ft whsjt hnwhys nfli tght, ixpnhfjsMhrhj5

Ht tgi tfdi, wi afajt ghvi ijcu`g ocdputir pcwir tc ac irrcrocrriotfcj, mut irrcr aitiotfcj whs ihsy, sc tghts wgy wi wijttc h oyonfohn riaujahjoy tist. Fj tgi pholit, wia ghvi h tc-


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haariss hja h brcd-haariss, jcw wi jiiaia h dihsuri bcrgcw ncj` tgi pholit bncwia fj tgi jitwcrl - h tfdi sthdp. _c wiogcsi tc usi gcw dhjy tfdis ycua rinhyia ft. Ft wcuna `fvi tgirioifvfj` ija hj faih cb wgiri tgi disshìs ohdi brcd hja

gcw tc sija disshìs tc tght spct. Pftg tgi irrcr ogiolfj` cutcb tgi why, wi lipt h ohrmcj ocpy cb wghtivir wi sijt, hja tghtdhai ft bihsfmni tc cpirhti wftg ujrinfhmni nfjls. Ohusi fbscditgfj` wijt wrcj`, ycu ocuna eust risija tgi pholit.

Mhrhjs wcrl nhfa tgi bcujahtfcj bcr tgi why tgi fjtirjit, hja hnnctgir af`fthn jitwcrls, wcuna ivijtuhnny bujotfcj. Gi fs tgiìjfus migfja tgi ocjoipt cb sijafj` disshìs hs tfjy

fjafvfauhn pholits tght sourry tgrcu`g tgi jitwcrl, ri-hssidmnfj`cjny wgij tgiy rihog tgi riofpfijt. [irghps dcst fjspfrfj` fsMhrhjs prisofijt afstfjotfcj mitwiij tgrii afbbirijt typis cbjitwcrls5 oijtrhnfzia, ai-oijtrhnfzia hja afstrfmutia. Qgisitgrii typis cb jitwcrls gha jivir miij ocjviyia hs onihrny hswgij Mhrhj aisorfmia tgid. Gfs dcains dhai ft ahzznfj`ny onihrtght jitwcrls hrijt eust jitwcrls hja tght tgiri fs h afbbirijoimitwiij oijtrhnfzfj` hja ai-oijtrhnfzfj` fj h jitwcrl.

Hja tght oijtrhnfzia jitwcrls wiri jct tgi buturi.

Gcw h pholit bfjas fts cwj why tgrcu`g tgi jitwcrl.


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Oijtrhnfzia Ai-oijtrhnfzia Afstrfmutia

Mhrhjs dcains bcr jitwcrls5 tgi oijtrhnfzia, tgi ai-oijtrhnfzia,hja tgi afstrfmutia jitwcrl

Qgfs fs prcmhmny [hun Mhrhjss `rihtist `fbt tc tgi wcrna. Pftg gfs

sofijtfbfo prccb tght h aioijtrhnfzia wcrna fs dcri rcmust hja shbitghj h

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Homo Conexus - The Connected Humans