Homework • Revise – test next

week• Bring evidence you

have revised• Green book 83-87

TREATING DIABETESp.258-261

Objectives

Students should learn:• What are type 1 and type 2 diabetes.• Why diabetes is so dangerous

• that the treatment of diabetes has developed over the years

• that there are difficulties associated with the development of new treatments for diabetes

Heading: Diabetes

• Read p259• Answer p259 Q2b Why is it so important to control the glucose levels in your blood?

P259 2b• Glucose is needed for respiration so must be in the blood

to provide the cells with energy for this• If glucose went too high then water would be drawn out of

red blood cells by osmosis

Treating Diabetes

• Read p260-1• Answer p261 Q1,

Answers p. 261

1. Diabetes, insulin, cured, older people, obesity, exercise

Q2acompare modern insulin treatment with the original insulin used to treat diabetics Original insulin Modern insulin

Overall modern insulin is better as it is identical to human insulin so there are no side effects

Q2a Original insulin Modern insulin

From animal pancreas Made from gm bacteria

Quantities limited Quality and quantity assured

Side effects due to difference in the insulin

No side effects as identical to human insulin

Overall modern insulin is better as it is identical to human insulin so there are no side effects

Q2b compare transplant of pancreas with insulin injections Pancreatic transplant Insulin injections

All these are reasons why it is not more widely used

Q2b Pancreatic transplant Insulin injections

Good cure Needs injections daily/pump

Complex surgery Widely available

High risk of rejection/needs immuno supressant drugs

Patient monitors and inject themselves so independent of doctor mostly

Not enough donors Relatively cheap compared to transplant

Needs replacing eventually

All these are reasons why it is not more widely used

Do the Banting and Best Worksheet

Protease, lipase, amylase

Dogs get it too

Protease made by the pancreas digests insulin

Made an extract of the islet cells only so the protease did not digest the insulin

Answers1. No side effects. No religious/moral objections. More effective.2. Does not involve extraction from humans. Produced in large quantities.3. Animal experimentation/deaths4. Companies make a lot of money from the production of drugs to treat

diabetes.5. Sanctity of life, experimentation on unborn humans, fears over where

the work would lead to next.

Workbook • p. 121

Outcomes • Most students should be able to:• describe the work of Banting and Best in the discovery of

insulin• understand that human insulin can be produced from

genetically-engineered bacteria• list some of the ways in which diabetes may be cured and

discuss them.• Some students should also be able to:• evaluate in detail the different methods available for the

treatment and cure of diabetes.

Specification • Evaluate modern methods of treating diabetes. [B3.3]